emulate小组_issue184_zleung

zleungUID: 2837752

【题目】issue184
“It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.”
  在掌握数据之前建立理论是一个严重错误。

提纲：
0，
1，在有些领域，需要掌握大量数据之后才能建立理论，如经济学，心理学，医学；
2，在有些领域，在建立理论之后才用数据证明理论的正确性，如物理学；
3，在有些领域，建立理论根本不需要数据，如文学，艺术，甚至数学；
4，总之，建立理论是否需要数据取决于理论的性质，

字数：482
正文：
The author asserts that it is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data. In my point of view, however, though data is a very important part of founding an integrated theory, whether data is a prerequisite of theorizing depends on the  
realm we talk about.

In some realms in which theorizing is based on the fact, a significant amount of data are collected before theorizing so as to reflect the fact correctly, without these data, those theories can not be founded, even a lack of data may lead to a  
grave mistake while theorizing. Take economics as an example, collecting data is an important resource of theorizing,  
analysing and predicting, and multiple methods of using the data divide economics into different sects, among which  
economic statistics depends most on the data collected.

In some other realms in which theorizing is based on axioms and logical and mathematical reasoning, data is not as  
important as it is in economics, and some of the theories are even based without data. Though in the first few years of  
the development of physics, Newton came up with his second law after analysing the a great deal of data of objects in  
motion. After that, when the base of physics was founded, physical theories barely regard data as a prerequisite. Classical  
electrodynamics is a good example that theories are based on other theories, Classical electrodynamics, a branch of  
theoretical physics, is totally based on  Maxwell's equations which are based on Gauss's law, Faraday's law and Ampere's  
law, it in turn underlie the present radio, television and information-technologies. Admittedly, data is still important in  
the realm of experimental physics, experimental scientists use the data produced in experiments to confirm the  
correctness of a theory and modify it .

In some realm, a theory can not be valued quantitatively. Take literature and art for example, works in the two fields are  
created with no data and reasoning but inspiration and imagination, creativeness is the nature of art and literature, works are created to touch our soul, and are valued by how different they are from others and how vividly they reflect the real  
life. Moreover, many of the greatest artists are different and even insane, for example, Vincent Van Gogh, whose work has a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for his vivid colors and emotional impact, suffered anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, data and even logic mean nothing for him, he was famous for his  insanity.

In sum, whether data is required for theorizing depends on what kind of theory it is. All fact-based theories and some of  
logic-based theory need data, while art and literature are totally without data. In addition, we should be critical about the data because a theory will tend to seek out evidence to support the theory and overlook or ignore the evidence that  
refute it.

reference:
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=711443&extra=page%3D1

Andrew_zwiUID: 2670942

The author asserts that it is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data（感觉不要原句照抄比较好，可以改一下句式如To theorize when one has no data is a great mistake）. In my point of view, however, though data is a very important part of founding an integrated theory, whether data is a prerequisite of theorizing depends on the  realm we talk about.

In some realms in which theorizing is based on the fact, a significant amount of data are collected before theorizing so as to reflect the fact correctly, without these data, those theories can not be founded, even a lack of data may lead to a grave mistake while theorizing. Take economics as an example, collecting data is an important resource of theorizing,  analysing and predicting, and multiple methods of using the data divide economics into different sects, among which economic statistics depends most on the data collected.

In some other realms in which theorizing is based on axioms and logical and mathematical reasoning, data is not as  important as it is in economics, and some of the theories are even based without data. Though in the first few years of the development of physics, Newton came up with his second law after analysing the a great deal of data of objects in motion. After that, when the base of physics was founded, physical theories barely regard data as a prerequisite. Classical electrodynamics is a good example that theories are based on other theories, Classical electrodynamics, a branch of theoretical physics, is totally based on  Maxwell's equations which are based on Gauss's law, Faraday's law and Ampere's law, it in turn underlie the present radio, television and information-technologies. Admittedly, data is still important in the realm of experimental physics, experimental scientists use the data produced in experiments to confirm the correctness of a theory and modify it .（这句话感觉逻辑上不是很理解，希望LZ解释一下。翻译是不是这样的：诚然，数据在物理实验领域也很重要，但是实验科学家利用数据去确认一个理论的对错并改正它）

In some realm, a theory can not be valued quantitatively. Take literature and art for example, works in the two fields are created with no data and reasoning but inspiration and imagination, creativeness is the nature of art and literature, works are created to touch our soul, and are valued by how different they are from others and how vividly they reflect the real life. Moreover, many of the greatest artists are different and even insane, for example, Vincent Van Gogh, whose work has a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for his vivid colors and emotional impact, suffered anxiety and ncreasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, data and even logic mean nothing for him, he was famous for his  insanity.（很经典的例子，好！）

In sum, whether data is required for theorizing depends on what kind of theory it is. All fact-based theories and some of  logic-based theory need data, while art and literature are totally without data. In addition, we should be critical about the data because a theory will tend to seek out evidence to support the theory and overlook or ignore the evidence that refute it.

本篇文章，思路比较清晰。语句也很连贯。感觉很好。
LZ上一篇的issue，由于这几天不在，没有及时回复。抱歉！