tpo阅读疑问帖子，求高手好心人帮忙

audrey_ljy54UID: 2666455

11月14日的那场考试，阅读很悲剧，只有16分，与第一次考T的分数一样。非常失落，做TPO的时候感觉自己做得还可以，每篇平均错也只有2-3个左右。考试就觉得严重不在状态，都在乱蒙。TPO1-15的所有阅读说实话也至少每篇做了4遍以上，还是这样，真的很低落，我也做分析之类，但情况没见好转。我不知道我的问题到底出在了哪里。
下面是我做TPO一直错的题目，求好心人帮我解答，谢谢！！！！
Tpo17 ANIMAL SIGNALS IN THE RAIN FOREST
Paragraph 4: Very little light filters through the canopy of leaves and branches in a rain forest
to reach ground level—or close to the ground—and at those levels the yellow-to-green wavelengths predominate. A signal might be most easily seen if it is maximally bright.
【In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.】 The best signal depends not only on its brightness but also on how well it contrasts with the background against which it must be seen. In this part of the rain forest, therefore, red and orange are the best colors for signaling, and they are the colors used in signals by the ground-walking Australian brush turkey. This species, which lives in the rain forests and scrublands of the east coast of Australia, has a brown-to-black plumage with bare, bright-red skin on the head and neck and a neck collar of orange-yellow loosely hanging skin. During courtship and aggressive displays, the turkey enlarges its colored neck collar by 【inflating】sacs in the neck region and then flings about a pendulous part of the colored signaling apparatus as it utters calls designed to attract or repel. This impressive display is clearly visible in the light spectrum illuminating the forest floor.

[url=]9. which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about yellow and green colors compared with red and orange colors at the bottom of the forest?[/url] 这题的定位句说实话我没找到

○Yellow and green are better colors for signaling than red and orange colors.
○Orange and red are brighter colors than yellow and green.
○Yellow and green are likely to be more common in the background than red and orange.
○Orange and red colors do not contrast as well with the forest floor as yellow and green do.


Paragraph 5: The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plants and their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it.【In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only.】这句话的前后意思我不太明白。。我把它翻译成：在第二个阶段，传粉者例如昆虫，小鸟从开花的植物那里取得食物，而这些植物拥有自己的花粉传播方式，而这种种子的传播比起仅靠风的传播步更有效。 Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.

Tpo17 SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
○The relationship between flowering plants and pollinators provides pollinators with food and flowers with efficient reproduction.
○In some cases birds obtain food from the seeds that are dispersed in the wind.
○The wind not only helps the flowers distribute their seeds but enables birds to find more food.
○Animals and insects are more effective in distributing pollen and seeds than the wind.

audrey_ljy54UID: 2666455

TPO16 TRADE AND THE ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST
Paragraph3: This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders. In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.


4.
The author includes the information that “surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading” in order to
○support the claim that the mode of production made possible by the craft guilds was very good for trade
○contrast the economic base of the city government with that of the tribal confederacies
○provide a reason why the government allowed the guilds to be self-controlled
○suggest that the government was missing out on a valuable opportunity to tax the guilds
像类似于这种的修饰目的题有什么固定的解法，除了那种EXAMPLE之后的是举例等等

Paragraph 4: The mercantile economy was also characterized by a peculiar moral stance that is typical of people who live by trade—an attitude that is individualistic, calculating, risk taking, and adaptive to circumstances. As among tribespeople, personal relationships and a careful weighing of character have always been crucial in a mercantile economy with little regulation, where one's word is one's bond and where informal ties of trust cement together an international trade network. Nor have merchants and artisans ever had much tolerance for aristocratic professions of moral superiority, favoring instead an egalitarian ethic of the open market, where steady hard work, the loyalty of one's fellows, and entrepreneurial skill make all the difference. And, like the pastoralists, Middle Eastern merchants and artisans unhappy with their environment could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures—an act of self-assertion wholly impossible in most other civilizations throughout history.

8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Tribespeople were comfortable forming personal relationships with merchants who like them were bound by their promises to one another
○Because trade was not formally regulated, merchants were careful about whom they trusted and often conducted business with people they knew personally
○While trade among merchants relied somewhat on regulation, among tribespeople trade was based on personal relationships and careful character evaluation
○Because tribespeople were bound only by their promises to one another, personal relationships were formed only after careful weighing of character.
改写句子也是我容易错的一类题，能帮我具体分析这道吗？非常感谢！

kaolaliangUID: 2758807

个人感觉第9题的定位应该在 The best signal depends not only on its brightness but also on how well it contrasts with the background against which it must be seen。 这句讲了评判标准，其实就是暗示开始比较了。。。  然后red and orange are the best colors for signaling, and they are the colors used in signals by the ground-walking Australian brush turkey.  然后palapala 一串解释最后This impressive display is clearly visible in the light spectrum illuminating the forest floor.# 这句表明了c是正确的。 然后再看a better 不知从哪里来。 b中与原文相反。 d也是与原文意思相反。

这题看了半天，不知道这样解释对不对。  ps：我现在做题，都是仔细看一个段落的中心句（开头或者结尾），一切与它不符的都错！ 其次看例子证明的观点，也就是例子的前一句和后一句，基本上前一句。 这2个之一肯定是考点。  
共勉~ 加油

audrey_ljy54UID: 2666455

谢谢你！！！！:) 3# kaolaliang

audrey_ljy54UID: 2666455

Oh~~~~~~~大家帮帮忙。。。。。。。。

kaolaliangUID: 2758807

没时间帮你看了， 帮顶顶~