风雨与共小组 提纲作业 12.15

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Argument


1. Thefollowing appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature'sWay, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.

"Previousexperience has show that our stores are most profitable in areas whereresidents are highly concerned about leading healthy lives. We should thereforbuild our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents.Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothingare at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five yearsago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weighttraining and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a newgeneration of customers: Plainsville's schoolchildren are required toparticipate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits ofregular exercise at an early age."

1. 错误时间类比
2. 运动服销量增加不一定意味着此处居民喜欢运动，喜欢运动也不能说明喜欢健康食品或保健品
3. 在校儿童参加强制性锻炼不代表就会购买NW的产品



3. Thefollowing appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city ofMegalopolis.

"InMegalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large,corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas anincreasing number of graduated took jobs at small, general practical firms.Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law schoolgraduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because theyexperience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-yearstudents at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning sa high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This findingsuggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offergraduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they mustwork."

1. 通常情况可能在此城市不适用，大公司给的工资可能反而低
2. 小公司可能有更好的升职空间，这个可能是大公司无法给予的
3. 顶尖学校的一年级学生的观点无法代表整个群体的



6. Thefollowing was written as a part of an application for a small business loan bya group of developers in the city of Monroe.

"Ajazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise.Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65-miles away; thus , our proposed club,the C-Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremelypopular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival lastsummer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-ratedradio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally,a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan speeds close to $1,000per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C-Note cannot help butmake money."

1. 参加爵士节日庆典的人不一定是爵士迷，喜欢音乐也不一定参加俱乐部
2. 知名爵士音乐家不一定会加入俱乐部
3. 全国的数据不一定适用于这里，并且在音乐方面的投入增加可能是购买乐器的花费，加入俱乐部的数字无法得知

shawn_pysUID: 2770388

203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."

203. 平衡观点
        1. 英雄的特点能表现出社会的愿望与理想
        2. 但是英雄的特点通常无法代表社会中大众群体的性格与特点
        3. 英雄对于社会来说是一个很重要的存在，但是要全面的观察社会不能只看英雄

59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."

59. 有保留的赞成
        1. 每个人的情况都不同，想要找到对自己最有利的方式必须由自己来思考、行动
        2. 角色模式的存在必定有其价值，可以避免走一些弯路
        3. 我们应该把那些模式中的精华部分吸收利用，根据自己的情况加以改变，而不是完全照搬。

138"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."

138. 完全赞成
        1. 每一项科研成果都是在不断地尝试与失败中最终成功的
        2. 每一次的进步同时又会成为一个新的错误，但是人类就是在这种不断地失败与新的尝试中进步的
        3. 正是由于存在着错误的认识，才会有人发现其问题，并发展出新的理论