【甚解小组】【TASK 1】原文抄抄炒 FROM wwk865

周九UID: 2769406

本文摘自1月20日的nature。全文通俗易懂，老少皆宜。这篇文章中心就是想说天花病毒该不该被销毁，结论是不该。。。典型的issue格式：第一段介绍背景(天花在历史上曾造成过巨大杀戮，现在被消灭了)，然后分别介绍销毁与不销毁的利弊（不销毁可能会给恐怖分子可乘之机，销毁了我们现在并不知道这个病毒将来会不会有什么用处，也许还有人也保存了就算销毁了也没用），最后得出结论要通过political compromise（广大第三世界人民不信任美帝苏修）来解决，也就是不要销毁。限于字数，我就截了几段重要的。

题目:Smallpox should be saved For much of the world’s population, smallpox（天花） is a disease of history. The variola virus（天花病毒） that causes it last swept through humans in a natural outbreak in Somalia in 1977, and the world was declared free of smallpox in 1980. The disease that killed Queen Mary II of England, Tsar Peter II of Russia, King Louis XV of France and hundreds of millions more during the past century alone is gone—but not forgotten. Smallpox lives on in the memories of those who witnessed its awful impact first hand. It is a terrifying spectre（可怕的妖魔鬼怪） for those who warn that terrorists may seek to spread disease. And it survives in two laboratories, where research continues on live virus. (就是说天花很可怕) Because the possibility cannot be ruled out that other, secret stocks of smallpox are being held elsewhere, the benefits of continued access to live virus stocks for research outweigh the risks of maintaining them. Rightly, public-health advocates bemoan（用叹息表达不同意） the prospect of any measure that increases the risk of a re-emergence of this scourge. But, given the impossibility of knowing who now possesses the virus, and from where it might appear, it is better to have a number of arrows in the quiver than to destroy the stock and cross our collective fingers（应该就是说有所准备总比毁了它然后祈祷要强）. This may be true, but further study of the virus could still reveal a huge amount, both on the specifics of what makes it such a formidable foe（可怕的敌人） and on human immunology and viral pathogenesis in general. Countries in Africa and Asia endured the havoc（浩劫） of smallpox most recently, and fear of a repeat outbreak — as well as mistrust of those who control the stocks — has produced strong calls from these nations for its destruction. There is equally strong insistence in countries such as the United States and Russia that it should be retained for defensive research.两边的论据就在这两句话里面了。 Smallpox is a disease of history, but it cannot be consigned（不能甩给过去） to the past.中心句。

天花病毒也算是科学界的一件大事吧，能上nature头条，影响力应该也是相当的广。我只是稍微看过几眼题库，总结的可能不太好，望见谅。首先，这个可以用在历史类的题目里。比如说天花病毒是历史上的，现在没有了，然后我们现在打疫苗好像就没啥用。但是，我们又不能排除别人还保存有这种病毒，或者被恐怖分子利用，所以说还是要防着点。另外，什么当务之急和百年大计的题目里也可以。比如说当务之急是公共卫生安全要灭天花病毒，未来发展是保留天花病毒更好。第一次写，有什么不足的地方还望指出，谢谢啦~

wwk865UID: 2993587

A New College Science Prize （摘自1月7日《science》杂志）

Inquiry-based classes（探究性教育） focus on activating students
natural curiosity in exploring how the world works, differing from traditional lectures that focus on transmitting facts and principles derived from what scientists have discovered. Inquiry-based teaching is often associated with hands-on（动手） activities. But not all hands-on activities involve inquiry. Consider the laboratory work that traditionally accompanies an introductory college science course. As a science major（理工科专业）, I spent three afternoons a week in such laboratories throughout my first 2 college years. Most of us who later became scientists recall these laboratories as tedious cooking classes, where we learned to follow directions. True, we encountered various pieces of scientific apparatus, such as measuring devices for weights and liquids, and we learned how to keep a laboratory notebook. But we gained neither any real understanding of the nature of science nor experience in generating and evaluating scientific evidence and explanations
two central elements of a modern definition of science education.”* Many college laboratory exercises remain deficient in precisely these ways today. 这一段主要写探究性教育应该注重哪些方面，并从作者自身经历来描述大学实验课程很水该学的都没学。一些教育类的话题可能能用到。

Science is looking for lessons in which students become invested in exploring questions through activities that are at least partially of their own design. Instead of a typical laboratory exercise that begins with an explanation and results in one correct answer, an inquiry-based lesson might begin with a scenario or question and then require students to propose possible solutions and design some of their own experiments. 本段学科学课程的实质在于要培养学生自主探究问题的能力。同样在教育类话题里可能有用。

Incorporating inquiry into college science teaching will thus be critical for the future teachers of science in all nations. But it will also be crucial for many other adults, because successful modern societies need large numbers of citizens who are skilled, rational problem-solvers
both in the workplace and in their daily lives. Every society also requires citizens who understand the nature of science and value science as a way of knowing about important issues. In fact, our new award has been stimulated by the fact that the world badly needs a revolution in science education
a revolution that must begin at the college level.本段主要说现在社会需要会在生活工作中解决问题的人才。社会类和教育类话题可能有用。

看完后我发现国际科学类杂志中的词汇真是简单的要死，最多相当于我们六级的水平，可能跟搞理科的文学功底不咋地有关吧。。。
这篇文章主要讲的是教育，题库里一些题目可能能用上（觉得有些牵强的自动忽略我。。。）

157. The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes. 对于一门学科的研究会改变我们对世界的看法。在学习这门学科之后，我们看到的世界一如既往，但是我们本身的角度和眼光已然不同。

209. The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole.
学习一门新学科或新技术的最好方法是深入的学习某个小的部分或细节，而不是一开始就试图去从整体来把握。

53. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. 在大多数职业和学术领域中，想象力要比知识更加重要。

135. Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important. 当代社会提供如此之多的学习手段以至于读书已经变得不再那么重要了。

37，97. The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience. 通过书本获得的知识要比通过直接体验获得的知识要更加丰富和广泛。

184. We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all. 我们通过直接经验来学习，如果没有通过体验来接受一个理论就等于根本没学。

60. All students should be required to take course in the sciences, even if they have no interested in science.
所有的学生都应该要求去学习科学课程，即使他们对科学毫无兴趣。

181. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job. 教育的目的应该是给予学生一个价值体系，一个标准，一整套想法——而不是为一个具体工作培养他们。

周九UID: 2769406

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