【八九点钟小组】A 53

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In this argument, the writer declares a announcement that increased level of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness will continues into later life, which is based on the results of two researches. However, when considering this contention twice, we may realize that the evidences fail to support the conclusion.

The most important flaw is that the author should not announce that the increased level of melatonin is the reason of the mild distress by the first experiment solely. There are many other possible explanations to the phenomenon happened in the research. For example, it is our common sense that when people smell some unusual odor or hear loud voice most of them will feel disgusted or uncomfortable. Thus, these natural reactions without any relation with the hormones can cause the same wild distress.
In addition, perhaps, other hormones lead the distress even if it is not caused by natural reactions.
It may be just a coincidence that the increase of melatonin and the process of conceiving happen at the same time. Thus, without any further facts, people can not be convinced by the author.

Then , in the second study, the writer tells us the children identified themselves as shy. Hence, we notice that there is no standard definition of shyness during the process. Different people may have different understanding of the words "shy". For example, one may identify shy based on the performances when a person talking to another. If this person can talk well, with no obvious nerve, then he/she will not be regarded as shy. However, in another person's view, the number of friends is the standard of shyness or not. Therefore, it is warranted to conclude that those children remain shy after they grow up without a same definition.

At last, author do not demonstrate enough evidence for the statement that the distress, even if we admit it is caused by the melatonin and the children are shy indeed, continues into later life. The author fails to illustrate that during this period of time, what had happened to these children. Take environment as an example, which is one of the factors influencing the formation of children's character. Maybe the parents treat these children strictly, so that they are not good communication and feel shy. Under this circumstance, we can not determine whether other factors, like environment, affect children. Thanks to the explanation as I give, the distress caused by melatonin has already disappeared when they are one year old.

In sum, the writer do not list enough supports to convince readers. In order to bolster the idea, the author would better show more evidences to support that the melatonin is the exact reason for the distress and the children remain shy caused by the melatonin for many years.