【TASK2】AW Intro 读后感 FROM 石头

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对于AW INTRO组长已经逐字扣过了~我就写一些对于一些内容自己的看法吧

                             Overview of the Analytical Writing Section
The analytical writing section is a new section of the GRE General Test introduced beginning in October2002 that tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, analyze an argument, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge.



这段里写了AW到底在考察考生什么能力，我感觉有几个关键词是complex，focused and coherent。忘了是哪位前辈的帖子说过，AW最重要的就是complexity。而且这个复杂并不是指简简单单的正反两面说，因为正反两面说很容易两面都说不透彻。而到底怎么才能让这个复杂性体现出来我现在也体会不太出来。focused and coherent 在论述过程中不能东一榔头西一棒子想到哪写哪, 我同系的同学就好写散文，中文文采无敌，greAW2.5. 在雅思写作中coherent and cohesion这一项是看逻辑连接词的运用的，在gre里应该由更高端的方式体现（因为毕竟不是语言考试这个水准了），应该是字里行间的逻辑承接。 （个人看法）

You will be given a choice between two Issue topics. Each states an opinion on an issue of broad interest and asks you to discuss the issue from any perspective(s) you wish, so long as you provide relevant reasons and examples to explain and support your views.

You will not have a choice of Argument topics. The Argument task presents a different challenge from that of the Issue task: it requires you to critique a given argument by discussing how well reasoned you find it. You will need to consider the logical soundness of the argument rather than to agree or disagree with the position it presents.

issue的角度观点可以任选，关键是要论证清楚，给出理由和例证。而argument需要考虑的是论证的严密性，对于作者的立场不用考虑。

The two tasks are complementary in that one requires you to construct your own argument by taking a position and providing evidence supporting your views on the issue, whereas the other requires you to critique someone else's argument by assessing its claims and evaluating the evidence it provides.

给出issue和argumentation的要求。一个是立论一个是驳论，需要注意的是argumentation的任务是针对claims和evidence的。

                                         How the Analytical Writing Section is Scored

Each response is holistically scored on a 6-point scale according to the criteria published in the GRE analytical writing scoring guides (see pages 27 and 28). Holistic scoring means that each response is judged as a whole: readers do not separate the response into component parts and award a certain number of points for a particular criterion or element such as ideas, organization, sentence structure, or language Instead, readers assign scores based on the overall quality of the response, considering all of its characteristics in an integrated way. Excellent organization or poor organization, for example, will be part of the readers' overall impression of the response and will therefore contribute to the score, but organization, as a distinct feature, has no specific weight.

这段可以看出AW的评分还是比较主观的，因为不针对各方面评分，而且总共就6分（比较厌恶这种分少的评分标准，在雅思吃了些苦头），分数的获得很大程度上取决于一个第一印象。（个人看法）

The scores given for the two tasks are then averaged for a final reported score. The primary emphasis in scoring the analytical writing section is on critical thinking and analytical writing skills

两部分在分数上权重一样，重点是critical thinking and analytical writing skills 前者体现在个idea的complexity上，后者就是论证的严密度，分析例证等。

Your essay responses on the analytical writing section will be reviewed by ETS essay-similarity-detection software and by experienced essay readers during the scoring process. In light of the high value placed on independent intellectual activity within United States graduate schools and universities, ETS reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:

雷同标准

• text that is substantially similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses;

• quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas that appear in published or

unpublished sources;

• unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without

citation of the contribution of others;

• essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have, in fact, been

borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.

这里记得好像还有个说的更详细的版本 说雷同还包括idea什么的。一个前辈说过，按照ets查雷同的方法谁都能查出雷同来。原来太傻上有个原创哥，原创了N个月从来不看参考书神马的被判了雷同，一时间人人自危。后来原创哥发现是因为考试文章和自己发到太傻求拍的文章雷同了，经过艰苦复议最后还是获得5分。所以感觉只要不要抱着去抄的态度，自己花些心思就不会雷同。

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Present Your Perspective on an Issue Task
                                                                  Understanding the Issue Task
The "Present Your Perspective on an Issue" task assesses your ability to think critically about a topic of general interest and to clearly express your thoughts about it in writing. Each topic, presented in quotation marks, makes a claim about an issue that test takers can discuss from various perspectives and apply to many different situations or conditions. Your task is to present a compelling case for your own position on the issue. Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about it from several points of view, considering the complexity of ideas associated with those perspectives. Then, make notes about the position you want to develop and list the main reasons and examples that you could use to support that position.

这里有些上面说过了，这里还有一个比较有意思是除了从各个角度讨论外，还可以从各种情形和条件下讨论，重点还是complexity

The Issue task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might（还是不能跑了central issue）
• agree absolutely with the claim, disagree completely, or agree with some parts and not others
• question the assumptions the statement seems to be making
• qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue
• point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others
• evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective
• develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example
The GRE readers scoring your response are not looking for a "right" answer—in fact, there is no correct position to take. Instead, the readers are evaluating the skill with which you articulate and develop an argument to support your position on the issue.

再次 不考立场，考的是支持论点的能力。

Understanding the Context for Writing: Purpose and Audience
The readers' commentaries discuss specific aspects of analysis and writing, such as the use of examples, development and support, organization, language fluency, and word choice. For each response, the commentary points out aspects that are particularly persuasive as well as any that detract from the overall effectiveness of the essay.

还是综合评分，意味着不能有短板，至少不能太短。。短到影响全文

An excellent way to prepare for the Issue task is to practice writing on some of the published topics. There is no "best" approach: some people prefer to start practicing without regard to the 45-minute time limit others prefer to take a "timed test" first and practice within the time limit. No matter which approach you take when you practice the Issue task, you should review the task directions, then
• carefully read the claim made in the topic and make sure you understand the issue involved; if it
seems unclear, discuss it with a friend or teacher
• think about the issue in relation to your own ideas and experiences, to events you have read about
or observed, and to people you have known; this is the knowledge base from which you will
develop compelling reasons and examples in your argument that reinforce, negate, or qualify the
claim in some way
• decide what position on the issue you want to take and defend—remember you are free to agree or
disagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applications but not others
• decide what compelling evidence (reasons and examples) you can use to support your position

Remember that this is a task in critical thinking and persuasive writing. Therefore, you might find it
helpful to explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:

complexity再次出现确实是王道啊。 下面是很好的破题步骤

• What, precisely, is the central issue?
• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?
• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?
• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?
• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?
• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?
• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?
Once you have decided on a position to defend, consider the perspective of others who might not agree with your position. Ask yourself:
• What reasons might someone use to refute or undermine my position?
• How should I acknowledge or defend against those views in my essay?


这里说到如何对于1个claim两面都说，一定是对自己的position的补充，不管是承认还是反驳都是一种补充，而不是去两个方面各论各的，让逻辑很无力。