[1106不留退路]小组 --第一周作业 PUMA

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ISSUE 40
XDF黄皮书 20

【题目】："Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

【翻译】：我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究这的著作能否对社会作出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。

【作文】：
The author states that we should concern more about the interests of researchers other than focusing on their contribution to society. In my opinion, I agree with the statement that we had better not care their contribution to society very much. Moreover, we should not allow the scholars and researchers do what they want.

Firstly, the research merely focusing on the contribution to society will not be able to achieve the desired results. As different people have different interests and if they make good use of their ability which is their special skills or interests, they can obtain a better effect. For example, Charles Robert Darwin used to fascinate the natural world and unknown fields. Then he wrote a great book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection appeared. Sometimes people will be more energetic when doing things which they prefer.

On the other hand, the research will be out of control for the scholars and the researches always lack of judgment and selection to what they study. These researches may bring damage to the world if people put them into wrong uses. For instance, the earliest study of the nucleus lead to the disaster for it was used to make the Atomic Bomb. But now we use the nucleus to make the energy such as electricity. So sometimes we should pay more attention on the researches explored by scholars.

In spite of the contribution and interests, we had better pay more mind to the excellent characters of the scholars and researchers. For example, the persistence when doing experiment, never give up and so on. It is these characters we should remember and learn during our whole lives. We are not only learn from them , the most important is that we can take advantage of what we learn and help us succeed.

To sum up, we should not merely concern the contribution and interests of scholars and researchers, we should focus more on their spirits.

ARGUMENT
188

A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids — a painkiller — to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

一项新报告表明，男性和女性对于疼痛的感受是有显著差异的，医生在开止痛药方的时候应该考虑到这种差异。当研究者把相同剂量的kappa opioids----一种止痛药-----分发给智齿刚刚被拔除的28名男子和20名女子的时候，女性报告的她们感受到的痛楚要比男性小得多，而且止痛的时间女性更长。这一研究说明当需要止痛药时，应该给女性服用kappa opidios，而应该给男性服用其他的止痛药。而且，研究人员应该重新评估所有药品对于男性以及女性的效用。

Merely based on unfounded assumption and doubtful evidence, the author hastily draws a conclusion that kappa opioids should be prescribed for woman whenever required and the man should be given other kinds of pain medication. The author suggests that the researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. The conclusion which based on unfair data is meaningless.

Firstly, the author’s conclusion is based on the assumption that the painkiller used in teeth extraction can typified the whole body of a person. Even though the effect of kappa opioids in teeth extraction is obvious, we cannot make sure that this painkiller will a role in the whole body. The author fails to provide us anything about this medication whether it has effect on other pains of a person.

Secondly, the feelings of 28 men and 20 women cannot stand for the total human beings. And we cannot make a logical conclusion based on such little information, The research is unconvincing for the number of people in it is limited. On the other hand, due to different body structures of men and women, the reflections to pain and painkiller may also be different. The man who suffers from the pain in teeth may be more sensitive and they will feel more pain than women. So the conclusion is unbelievable.

Finally, the author fails to provide us enough evidence that the evaluation of all other medications is necessary. Although the different reflection of people to the kappa opiods, there is no reason to reevaluate the function of all other medications.

To sum up, the analysis cited in the argument lacks credibility because there is not enough data to support what the author concludes. To strengthen the argument, we need more information that the kappa opioids can actually take better effect on women than men.

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The author states that we should concern more about the interests of researchers other than focusing on their contribution to society. In my opinion, I agree with the statement that we had better not care their contribution to society very much. Moreover, we should not allow the scholars and researchers do what they want.

Firstly, the research merely focusing on the contribution to society will not be able to achieve the desired results. As different people have different interests and if they make good use of their ability which is their special skills or interests, they can obtain a better effect. For example, Charles Robert Darwin used to fascinate the natural world and unknown fields. Then he wrote a great book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection appeared. Sometimes people will be more energetic when doing things which they prefer.缺乏论证性语言，文章说了尊重兴趣的好，应该先说一下只关注对社会有帮助的研究的不好。观点不错。

On the other hand, the research will be out of control for the scholars and the researches always lack of judgment and selection to what they study. These researches may bring damage to the world if people put them into wrong uses. 为什么会带来危害？怎么危害了？比如说为了自己的利益等等，可以多写一些论证性的语言，比如说什么不能说有人对恐怖袭击感兴趣，然后大家就鼓励他去研发攻击极强的武器类似这样的。For instance, the earliest study of the nucleus lead to the disaster for it was used to make the Atomic Bomb. But now we use the nucleus to make the energy such as electricity. So sometimes we should pay more attention on the researches explored by scholars.

In spite of the contribution and interests, we had better pay more mind to the excellent characters of the scholars and researchers. For example, the persistence when doing experiment, never give up and so on. It is these characters we should remember and learn during our whole lives. We are not only learn from them , the most important is that we can take advantage of what we learn and help us succeed.这段想说什么呢？

To sum up, we should not merely concern the contribution and interests of scholars and researchers, we should focus more on their spirits.
文章字数有点少，我们不应关注学者著作是否对社会有贡献，为什么呢？作为外行，我们能预测出来什么？我们不能预测他们著作的可行性，我们是不是应该不注意力放在力所能及的地方呢？这时候讨论兴趣对于研究成果的影响，你的观点是支持，那么为什么支持，怎么支持，这时候就要讨论了，有动力了，有兴趣了等等。多用现实中身边的例子，更有说服力，因为这样就是另一种论证性语言。语言部分个人功底不是很好，所以就看了看逻辑。
                                                  By 小白

xianyejiayuUID: 2803531

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