【甚解小组】【TASK 5】原文抄抄抄之 issue素材

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摘自论证论据素材大全
理想追随者的十六大原则
1 Demonstrating respect
2 Thinking win/Win
3 Working within the system
4 Acting proactively
5 Appreciating difference
6 Striving toward a common goal (one shared with leaders)
7 Recognizing any authority that leaders may possess
8 Tailoring actions to accord with leaders' ideals
9 Making desicions based on a set of valus
10 Enthusiastically working towards organizational goals while nevertheless remaining accountable for results
11 Gaining the trust of leaders
12 Fostering  enough dependance to allow followers to achieve goals without complete reliance on leaders
13 Requiring only high-level guidance
14 Demonstrating eddectiveness when working in a group independently
15 Recgnizing the hierarchy of leadership while becoming a self-motived minileader
16 Proactively working to fulfil or exceed expectations

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摘自wikipedia-Practical idealism
Practical idealism is a term first used by Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhi Marg 2002). It describes a philosophy that holds it to be an ethical imperative to implement ideals of virtue or good. It further holds it to be equally immoral to either refuse to make the compromises necessary to realise high ideals, or to discard ideals in the name of expediency. Practical idealism in its broadest sense can be compared to utilitarianism in its emphasis on outcomes, and to political economy and enlightened self-interest in its emphasis on the alignment of what is right with what is possible.

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wikipedia-Vicent Van Gogh

Recently acquitted from the hospital, Van Gogh suffered a severe setback in December 1889. Although he had been troubled by mental illness throughout his life, the episodes became more pronounced during his last few years. In some of these periods he was either unwilling or unable to paint, a factor which added to the mounting frustrations of an artist at the peak of his ability. His depression gradually deepened. On 27 July 1890, aged 37, he walked into a field and shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He survived the impact and managed to walk back to the Ravoux Inn. He died there two days later. Theo rushed to be at his side. Theo reported his brother's last words as "La tristesse durera toujours" (the sadness will last forever).[126]
While most of Vincent's late paintings are somber, they are essentially optimistic and reflect a desire to return to lucid mental health. However, the paintings completed in the days before his suicide are severely dark. His At Eternity's Gate, a portrayal of an old man holding his head in his hands, is particularly bleak. The work serves as a compelling and poignant expression of the artist's state of mind in his final days.[131] Yet, there has been much debate over the years as to the source of Van Gogh's illness and its effect on his work. Over 150 psychiatrists have attempted to label its root, and some 30 different diagnoses have been suggested.[132] Diagnoses that have been put forward include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, syphilis, poisoning from swallowed paints, temporal lobe epilepsy and acute intermittent porphyria. Any of these could have been the culprit and been aggravated by malnutrition, overwork, insomnia and consumption of alcohol, especially absinthe.[133][134]

The art historian Albert Boime was the first to show that Van Gogh—even in seemingly fantastical compositions like Starry Night—based his work in reality.[141] The White House at Night, shows a house at twilight with a prominent star surrounded by a yellow halo in the sky. Astronomers at Southwest Texas State University in San Marcos calculated that the star is Venus, which was bright in the evening sky in June 1890 when Van Gogh is believed to have painted the picture.[142]

The paintings from the Saint-Rémy period are often characterized by swirls and spirals. The patterns of luminosity in these images have been shown to conform to Kolmogorov's statistical model of turbulence.[143]

周九UID: 2769406

两天mark~

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文章摘自韦晓亮 GRE写作论证论据素材大全
In Maslow's theory, then, human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. Needs emerge only when higher-priority needs have been satisfied. By the same token, satisfied needs no longer influence behavior. This point seems worth stressing to managers and administrations, who often mistakenly assume that money and other tangible incentives are the only cures for morale and productivity problems. It may be, however,  that the need to participate, to be recognized, to be creative, and to experience a sense of worth are better motivators in an affluent society, where many have achieved an acceptable measure of freedom from hunger and threats to security and personal safety, and are now driven by higher-order psychological needs.
To further confound the problem of understanding motivation, Maslow points out that motives are not always conscious. In the average person, he believes, they are more often unconscious than conscious---showing the influence on his thinking of Freudian psychologists who have long been concerned with the hidden causes of human behavior
The diagram shows Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more primitive needs at the bottom. Maslow's hierarchy if needs is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels: the four lower levels are grouped together as being associated with physiological needs, while the top level is termed growth needs associated with psychological needs. Deficiency needs must be met first. Once these are met, seeking to satisfied growth needs drives personal growth.
The higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus when the lower needs in the pyramid are satisfied. Once an individual has moved up to the next level, needs in the lower level will no longer be prioritized. If a lover set of needs is no longer being met, the individual will temporarily reprioritize those needs by focusing attention on the unfulfilled needs, but will not permanently regress to the lower level. For instance, a businessman (at the esteem level) who is diagnosed with cancer will spend a great deal of time concentrating on his health (physiological needs), but will continue to value his work performance (esteem needs) and will likely return to work during periods of remission.
马斯洛原理用于论证，pragmatic behavior只是暂时的，根据这个原理，人们应该追求更idealistic的东西

周九UID: 2769406

3rd mark

p.s. 感觉用maslow的人很多

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文章来源 wikipedia-Utopia  socialism
Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought. It is distinguished from later socialist thought by being based on idealism instead of materialism[citation needed][dubious – discuss]. Although it is technically possible for any set of ideas or any person living at any time in history to be a utopian socialist, the term is most often applied to those socialists who lived in the first quarter of the 19th century who were ascribed the label "utopian" by later socialists to convey negative attitudes and naivete to dismiss their ideas as fanciful or unrealistic.[1]

From the mid-19th century onwards, the other branches of socialism, most notably Marxism and scientific socialism[clarification needed], overtook utopian socialism in terms of intellectual development and number of adherents. Utopian socialists were important in the formation of modern movements for intentional community, cooperatives, and meritocracy.

Religious sects whose members live communally, such as the Hutterites, for example, are not usually called "utopian socialists", although their way of living is a prime example. They have been categorized as religious socialists by some. Likewise, intentional communities based on socialist ideas could also be categorized as "utopian socialist".


Charles Fourier (1772–1837) was by far the most utopian of the socialists[dubious – discuss]. Rejecting the industrial revolution altogether and thus the problems that arose with it, he made various fanciful claims about the ideal world he envisioned. Despite some clearly non-socialist inclinations[clarification needed], he contributed significantly - if indirectly - to the socialist movement. His writings about turning work into play influenced the young Karl Marx and helped him devise his theory of alienation. Also a contributor to feminism, Fourier invented the concept of phalanstère, units of people based on a theory of passions and of their combination. Several colonies based on Fourier's ideas were founded in the United States by Albert Brisbane and Horace Greeley.
主要是说了空想主义作为理想化的东西，也会间接的有很大的实用性价值。

gigiliaoUID: 2994145

恩，我感觉那种很牛叉很大众化的理论之类的都会被用烂掉。。。我尽量避免哈~