应大家要求贴习作AW4~供大家参考。。Issue

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

括号里是高频排序，然后有题目。。我AW是4。。但是里面也有很多错误。。大家将就看下。。提供点思路。。过几天想把我整理的分类提纲发上来。。嗯。。想打个包给大家。。可是我不会怎么传。。谁教教我的。。太笨了。。







（20）TOPIC: ISSUE17 - "There aretwo types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has aresponsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey andresist unjust laws."
WORDS: 441
TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2010-4-13 11:41:11
531
Some people assert that there are two kindsof laws: just and unjust. Also, they recommend that people should obey justlaws and disobey unjust laws. However, before we get to the conclusion, makingout the definition of the term 'just' and 'unjust' is of vital importance.

How should we distinguish between the terms‘just’ and ‘unjust’? Different person will have different standard on thisissue based on their personal valuesystems. Maybe for the same thing, some people will see it as just while otherswill see it as unjust. For example, the government enacts the law which inhibits human cloning is controversial among people. Some may think that the restraint can avoid the possible moral and ethic confusion while theother people may see it as the impedingof human’s technology development. Imagine if everyone in our society madechoices based on their own standard, our society will be totally in a state ofchaos. As a consequence, laws will lose coercivepower to restrict this society and the behavior of its people. Thus, whenpeople distinguish the just and unjust laws, they should not start from self-interest, but from the need ofsociety. So the standard is to see if the law can fulfill the needs of thedevelopment of a society as a whole.

Based on this standard, we see that thereindeed exists some laws that benefit the development of our society, while someimpede it. In this circumstance, people should choose to obey the just laws anddisobey the unjust laws. Because only though doing so, can we improve the legal legislation system and make oursociety move forward.

For most laws, the goals are to benefit themost people and hold our society in an order. Like the CivilRights Law vests and protects the right of every social member, andtheCriminal Law provides sufficient safeguards against thepossibility of committing crimes. People should obey these laws to keep oursociety in peace and good order.

We all know that some of the laws in theslavery society are unjust, based on the standard mentioned above. It is not alaw that only a few people are dissatisfied with, actually, hundreds ofthousands of slaves all strongly opposes it and it indeed impedes thedevelopment of our society. If people at that time never disobeyed or resistedthe law, then, slavery would never be overthrown! For another example, for most of the counties, the marriageof homosexuals is not allowed bylaws. However, since these resent years, some countries are carrying out lawswhich allow the homosexuals to get married. The reason for this change is thatmore and more homosexuals are resisting the unjust treatment towards them. Theylost the liberty of marriage. From these two examples, we may see that it isthe resist of unjust laws that make our society move forward.

In conclusion, laws which benefit mostpeople, even if sometimes they will conflict with our own interest, we shouldobey. While when a law offends mostpeople's interest, we should fight for our own rights and thus our society as awhole will make a progress.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（19）TOPIC: ISSUE28 - "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
WORDS: 560          TIME: 00:44:59          DATE: 2010-4-14 21:12:33  word:568

Admittedly, studying the ideas, trends and concepts before a student memorize the facts can help the student learn more comprehensively and systematically. However, not all these trends, ideas and concepts that help explain those facts are available or useful all the time for the students.

Sometimes, without the help of the background knowledge of a certain fact, one may become confused if they only recite the fact itself. For example, when students in an art class are required to appreciate a piece of painting, take Broadway Boogie Woogie, which created by Piet Mondrian, a Netherlands painter，students will definitely get lost about the information contained in the painting. In fact, the painting was created after Mondrian came to New York in 1940. He was totally amazed at the regular streets and large numbers of skyscrapers. Also, he got crazy about the lively dancing halls and jazz bands. So he created this famous painting to express his impression of this passionate city. After students learn the background of this painting, they will find that it is easier for them to read the hidden ideas in the picture. The geometric shape and the bright color are the direct reflection of New York City. Also, it seems that the students can even hear the soothing jazz music from the painting after they learn the background of it. In short, the ideas hidden in the painting help students comprehend the spirit of it without memorizing anything because the facts are already in their minds.

For another example, students who major in history may often complain about the large amount of data and facts that need to be remembered. However, only remembering facts do little help to gain the real goal of the history studying in some extent. For instance, is it of any use if a student only knows that World War I was carried out in 1914? Some people would say yes, however they neglect the real goal of history studying. If only we know the real causes of the war and the real trends that contributed to the war, can we learn the lesson from history and avoid the same thing happening again. So in this case, merely reciting the facts does little to help the study of history.

However, there are some circumstances that the only thing we can do is to learn the facts because the ideas, trends and concepts behind the facts are not available or have little use. When a student learns a foreign language, he or she has to memorize a large amount of words and phrases. Some beginner will ask his teacher the question such as why this is called a table or why this is called a chair. The teacher will tell you that there is no reason, the only thing one should do is to memorize them. On the other hand, some facts have not been explained by human beings. In this case, we cannot learn these ideas or concepts but to memorize them first, such as the generation of the cosmos. Only by remembering the facts which are available to us now can we lead a further study in this area.
In conclusion, ideas, trends and concepts are helpful for the students to comprehend the facts thoroughly. However, if this background knowledge is not available or has little use, the only thing a student should do is memorize the facts.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（38）TOPIC: ISSUE31 - "Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
WORDS: 388          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-4-13 14:27:27   478

For most circumstances, money spent on research is a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial because only through the research on various areas, can our society move forward. However, investment on research should be controlled when its result has great possibility of doing harm to our society.

Research is of vital importance in accelerating the development of every aspect of our life. Without research, we cannot enjoy the convenience brought by the Internet, which makes our globe as a small town; without research, we cannot get access to the vaccine, which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives of our human beings; without research, we cannot step on the moon, which has broadened human’s outlooks. In short, research in every area provides amenities for the people and enriches our knowledge. Thus money spent on research will be actually a good investment.

Nowadays, some people argue that research, whose result is controversial, should not be invested in. However, the result of a research will never be easily measured. Thus, we should not stop investing only because of its uncertainty. For example, though Copernicus’ heliocentric theory was controversial in his time, the scientists never stopped investing to clarify it. If not for their unremitting effort, we may still think that the earth is the centre of the universe. For another example, Darwin's theory of evolution is generally accepted by most people, however there are still some scientists who oppose this theory and keep doing some research on this issue and it is quite possible that a great breakthrough will be attained just the next second! Only by these people who pursue the truth and neglect the controversial result of the research, can our human society move forward steadily.

From the discussion above, we may safely draw the conclusion that people should invest money on all kinds of research. However, there is an exceptional case: when the result of a certain research is likely to bring negative effects to our society, we should consider about the investment more seriously.

Take the research on human cloning as an example. If we leave no restraints on the research, the consequence will be too ghastly to contemplate. It may lead to a confusion of people's beliefs and destroy the moral and ethnic standard of our society. As a result, our society will be in total chaos. Also, the research on the nuclear weapon can threaten the peace and prosperity of the world. In such cases, investment on the research may need careful control and all-aspect consideration.

In conclusion, money spent on research is mostly a good investment. Even sometimes, the result of that research is controversial. However, not all the money spent on research is a good one. For example, when the result of the research is certain to threaten or have a bad effect on the society, the research should be carefully controlled.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（2）TOPIC: ISSUE50 - "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
WORDS: 394          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-4-12 22:44:09   words：534

Nowadays, people look more upon a person's ability of practice than ever before. Thus some people assert that all faculties in college and university should spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. For some practical courses, it is indeed beneficial to students if their professors have some working experience. However, for some theoretical courses, it is in some extent difficult and unnecessary to do so.

The working experience of professors can bring the latest information to their students, which are not available in their textbooks. For instance, in architecture classes, the textbooks can tell us about some traditional materials used to pave the roads. However, due to the rapid development of technology, numbers of new materials are available and take the place of the previous ones. As a consequence, students who only master the knowledge in their textbook cannot keep in step with the times. They will find out that some knowledge they learned in class has long been out of date. Imagine, if there is a professor, who can not only impart the knowledge in the textbook, but also provide his or her students with the latest process in paving, which is definitely helpful on the long-run development of these students.

In addition, the working experience of a professor can provide personal experience to his or her students, which may play a crucial role in the students’ further vocational development. For instance, the working experience of the professor of Principles of Management is of vital importance for his or her students. From the textbook, we may know the importance for a group to cooperate. However, the textbook does not tell students that what they should do if some members in the group would not like to work with their team members! Similarly, the textbook tells students that the consumer is King, but it dose not tell students what to do when encounter with a client who is absolutely unreasonable. As a result, students who can even recite all the formulas and principals in the textbook cannot make everything fall into line after they step into society, because management is an art. Therefore manager need to face various kinds of people and adapt to changing conditions and as well need to gather experience. Through the experienced professor, students can learn the conditions they may face which may help them avoid making the same mistakes in the future. As the famous saying goes, ’one less mistake means one more chance’

However, in some research-based curriculums, it is very hard for the professor to find work experience outside the classroom. For instance, a professor, who teaches astronomy, mathematics or physics, whose time is mostly spent in the laboratories, will have difficulty finding relevant work. Also, what the students specialized in these courses need is the basic ability to solve problems and do some observation, as well as recite large amount of formulas, but not the working experience.

In conclusion, working experience of professors can not only impart the latest information, but also provide personal experience to their students. While to some research-based courses, finding a job which is relevant to the courses the professor teaches is sometimes difficult.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（8）TOPIC: ISSUE103 - "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
WORDS: 419          TIME: 00:40:00          DATE: 2010-4-13 21:27:54   607

The study of history indeed has an indispensible value to the extent that is relevant to our daily lives. However, it is also of vital importance even if it seems that it has little relation to our daily lives.

When we face some problems today, the first thing most people are likely to do is get online and search if there are some experiences provided directly from history. For instance, when people are angrily quarreling with their friends or family members, they may learn from the ancient philosophy: tolerance makes space, which was summarized from numbers of historical experience. People can also learn from history that neither side gains when enmity exists between friends or family members. People who learn the art of toleration will find their lives more joyful with less distress. History provides people with varies experience and lessons which can help people live better in their daily lives.

However, some histories that seem not relevant to our daily lives may also teach us many good lessons. For example, people who live in the contemporary world may think that wars have little relation with our daily lives, so it has no value to study the history of wars. However, if we believe this, we human beings will forget the pain brought by wars. It is because people know what war will bring to us, such as the upheaval of our society, the poverty of our people and hundreds of thousands of lives lost in the battlefield just as what the World War I brought to us. Only though the steadily study of the war can we remember the history and prevent it from happening again. Obviously, it is indeed relevant to everyone's life.

Sometimes, the story of history may seem useless to people’s daily lives, while it may have profound influence on people’s lives in the near future. Just several decades ago, people cannot imagine what a single atomic nucleus can bring to us. At that time, to most people, seemed to be of little value to study the predecessor’s research findings and build on that research because a microscopic nucleus seems to have little relation to their lives. However, thanks to the consistent effort made by the scientists who kept on studying based on the previous achievements, people now can enjoy the clean energy generated by nuclear power. Also, people today are threatened by the power of nuclear weapons. Thus, it is obvious that the nuclear energy is closely related to everyone’s life.

If we neglect the importance of the study of history which may seem less related to people’s daily lives, the consequences may be too ghastly to contemplate. Nowadays, environmental problems such as air pollution, ozone depletion and desertification threaten people's lives. We may be curious about the reasons which lead to these problems. Now the answer is clear. It is because people think that the only thing they should do is to maximize the short term profits and fail to consider the long term interest. They unfairly think that if one thing is not relative to our daily lives, then we do not have to take it in consideration. Until people realized that environmental problems are in close relation with everyone’s interest and quality of life, few actions were taken to protect the environment. If people carefully study the history which reveals the catastrophic effect of ruining the environment, the situation today would not exist.

In conclusion, the study of history has value when it is relevant to our daily lives. Furthermore, people should also learn the history that seems irrelevant to people’s daily lives because it can give people some good experience and lessons.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

(6)131"The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society." 艺术揭示了那些隐藏的社会理念和脉动
20100407  words:512

No one can live cut off from society, and the artist is no exception. Therefore, the state of a society in a certain historical period can in some extent affect the creation of art, and become the artists’ main souse of inspirations so that it can reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society, though sometimes it may not be accurate because the creation of art is in the end based on the personal feeling of an artist.

For most cases, the work of painting is a mirror which reflects the inside world of an artist, and the inside world of an artist is also a mirror that reveals the hidden ideas and impulses of a society. For instance, Piet Mondrian, a Netherlands artist and the principal exponent of the Abstractionism, came to New York in 1940. He was totally attracted by the orderly streets and marvelous skyscrapers. Also, he was intoxicated by the energetic dance halls and jazz bands. Thus he created Broadway Boogie Woogie, to reflect that period which was different from his previous style of painting. So when people look at it, they will feel a leaping play of bright color and shape rather than the serious and inanimate geometric shapes. Obviously, the painting revealed the modern atmosphere of the New York City.  For another example, after the World War I, the entire continent of Europe suffered from an economic depression and people there led a dog's life and became pessimistic. At this period of time, Super realism took the centre place of the style of art. A famous work, The Persistence of Memory, created by Salvador Dali, which was filled with weird and fantastic colors and shapes, was the direct reflection of the pessimistic atmosphere of the society.

When people appreciate these two pictures, they will have different feelings because the information the artist wanted to convey to us was not the same. One positive and the other negative! And what behind the information were the ideas and impulses of their time!

Besides painting, literature and music can also reveal the ideas and impulse of a certain period of time. For example, Maupassant's famous work, The Necklace, which accurately reflected the greed and want of people in the 19th century when under the capitalist regime. In the area of music, the Internationale--'Stand up, all victims of oppression!’ reflected the rebellious spirit against oppression and exploitation.

We admitted that not all works of art reveal the hidden ideas and impulses of a society. Sometimes, the works only represent their own sentiment, such as frustrated feelings carried by their toilsome career or defeat of love. In this circumstance, their works cannot represent the trend of the society as a whole. However, we can see that for most far-reaching art works, they all hold a profound connotation--reflection of the ideas and impulses of their society.

In conclusion, not all arts can reveal the hidden ideas and populations of a society, but for most masterpieces, arts such as painting, literature and music, have reflected the characteristics of that time!

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（9）TOPIC: ISSUE144 - "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."

*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
WORDS: 474          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-4-13 9:30:55  521

Admittedly, it is the artist who created thousands of masterpieces, which become the permanent treasure of our human beings. However, throughout the history, the critic played an important role in promoting the development of the art and served as the bridge between these masterpieces and audience.  

Critics bring the genius piece of work into our ordinary life. For instance, in the realm of painting, when Piet Mondrian, a Netherlands artist, the representative figure of Abstractionism, painted his Broadway Boogie Woogie, most people could not understand the meaning of it. For them, it was too hard to accept this style of paintings at that time. Most people even did not regard it as a piece of painting. However, at that moment, the critics clearly explained the hidden ideas of this work to the public. Thanks to the effort of the critics, people came to know that this painting was created after Mondrian's coming to New York. He was totally amazed at the regular streets and numbers of skyscrapers. Also, he was crazy about the lively dancing halls and jazz bands. When people look back at his work, they see the energetic city of New York and hear the jazz music from its bright color and creative method of painting. See, critics are the bridge which connects the great work and ordinary people, they reveal the hidden ideas of the art.

Critics also served as the impetus of the development of literature. For example, when people read The Necklace, created by Maupassant, they will not realize the hidden ideas of this work. However, it is the critics who commends that the work is the direct reflect of the greed and want of people in the 19th century. With the help of the critics the inner value of the work can be excavated.

In addition, critics can help clean up people’s misunderstanding towards a certain kind of art. For intense, today, most people equate Rock Music with craze, drugs, and crime. Parents prohibit their children from listening to rock music or attending the rock concert. However, thanks to the effort of the critics, more and more people realize that rock music is indeed a philosophy of life and what it really peruses is the true, the good and the beauty of the world. People are mislead by some personal behaviors and unfairly assume that it is the effect of the music. Without the critics, the misunderstanding may widen and never be removed.

We admitted that sometimes critics may mislead the audience by their personal standard of appreciation of arts. And sometimes, critics’ ignorance may keep some masterpieces out of people’s sight or even be treated unfairly. Just like Van Gogh, whose work was not accepted until several years after his death. However, after years, it is also the critics who rediscover these works and help them earn the reputation which they deserved.

In conclusion, we should not deny the important role of artists themselves in creating work of art which has lasting value. However, if not for the effort of critics, their work may be neglected by people and never can its value shine.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（12）TOPIC: ISSUE147 - "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
WORDS: 485          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-4-15 15:00:50      574
Nowadays, with the development of technology and society, the progress of globalization and urbanization is becoming more and more rapid. Some people assert that traditions become incompatible with modernization and one must chose from them. I agree that some traditions cannot adapt the development of society. However, some traditions still play an important role in our modern world and people do not have to choose from them.

To begin with, some traditions really play a negative role in our modern society and in this case, people should break the bonds of tradition and be hospitable to new ideas. For example, in some rural areas in China, people's traditional thinking is that women is inferior to man, because in the past, man means productivity. As a consequence, this traditional thinking led numerous wrongful deaths of baby girls and the disrespect of women. Obviously, this kind of tradition is incompatible with the need of development in our modern society. However, thanks to the process of the Reform and Opening-up Policy, people in rural areas develop rapidly and acquire the new thoughts of gender equality. Since then, the status of woman has improved significantly. For another example, traditional farming practices have long been incompatible with the explosive demand for food in modern society. Because of the development of the new technology and farming facilities, productivity is sharply increased. In short, some of the traditions indeed impede the development of our society. In this case, people should get rid of them and choose modern ideas and methods.

However, just like every coin has two sides, we cannot deny tradition completely either. For example, the pursuit for the true, the good and the beautiful will go along with our human development and what is treated as moral principles, like being honest and kind are still being seen as basic characteristics of people in modern society. The desires of people who want to explore the truth of the universe and knowledge world since the ancient time are still treated as the impetus of the development of modern society. The traditional festivals and rituals which are handed down from hundreds of years ago such as the Spring Festivals in China or Christmas Day in western countries still exist as an essential part of our daily life in modern society. Thus in these cases, traditions serve as an important part of our modern world and offers the perfect fusion.

For most circumstances though, it seems quite different or incompatible between the tradition and the modernization.  People do not have to choose from them. For instance, in the realm of architecture, people can appreciate the vernacular architecture as well as the marvelous skyscrapers. Both of them serve as an indispensible part of the architecture realm. In addition, we can appreciate the ancient Rococo or Van Gogh’s Impressionism as well as Piet Mondrian’s abstractionism. In the area of music, perhaps some people love pop music as well as classic music. In short, all mentioned above reveal that in some cases, people need not to choose from tradition and modernization because both of them are the precious treasure of human beings.

In conclusion, the choice between tradition and modernization is not a must-do thing, and is not an either-or choice. Thus, we should take different measures when encountered with different conditions: unless the tradition impedes the development of our society, people have rights to enjoy the benefit bith from the tradition and the modernization.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（15）TOPIC: ISSUE207 - "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
WORDS: 592          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-4-14 15:16:58

I agree with the statement that sometimes, rituals and ceremonies can help define a culture. While in some cases, these rituals and ceremonies may impede the development of a society. Nowadays, some people argue that without rituals and ceremonies, a diminished sense will arise among people. However, in my point of view, there are some other things that can also help people establish the sense of who they are even if there are no rituals and ceremonies.

On the one hand, some of the rituals and ceremonies can help define a culture and help people gain the sense of who they are. For example, the Spring Festival of China, the Running Bull of Spain, the Chopsticks Day of Japan, the Oktoberfest of Muenchen and etc. Each of these rituals has its own feature and becomes the symbol of that country. When celebrating these rituals, people get together and often have a family reunion, which can bring them a sense of belonging to their family and country. In addition, like a flag hoisting ceremony, people who see the flag of their own country will generate a strong sense of who they are. An athlete in the Olympic Games, who often cries when his or her nation's flag is rising, shows his pride of his nation and follows a strong sense of belonging. In short, rituals and ceremonies can really help people define a culture and provide them a great sense of who they are.

However, on the other hand, not all the rituals and ceremonies can contribute to help define a culture or help people find a sense of who they are. What these rituals and ceremonies did was diminish people' sense of belonging and impede a culture's development. For instance, in the rural area of China, women are treated as being inferior to men and because of such rituals, women cannot have meals with men. Only when men finished their meals, could women begin their meals. For another example, in some areas around the world, people have no liberty to decide his or her marriage. The rituals determine that people must listen to their parents. As a consequence, the young lose their right to acquire the free love. Obviously, such rituals mentioned above cannot help people establish the sense of who they are, but rather to impede the development of our society.

Actually, rituals and ceremonies are only a small part of our daily lives. Besides them, there are other aspects which can also play a vital important role in defining a culture and providing their people a sense of who they are, such as in the areas of architecture, clothes, eating habits and so forth. For example, the Taj Mahal is the symbol of Islamic architecture while the stone garden is that of Japanese; Korean love Hanbok while Indians love to put on Lisa. Dumplings are the traditional food of China while Sushi is Japan’s favorite. When people saw a certain kind of architecture, put on a special clothes or eat some traditional food in their own culture, they cannot help generating a sense of security because they know that they belong to the society and its culture. All in all, all the aspects above can make a culture distinguished and people there have a great sense of who they are.

In conclusion, most of the rituals and ceremonies can help define a culture, while some of them indeed do harm to this process. At the same time, people should realize that besides rituals and ceremonies, there are other aspects that also help people gain a great sense of who they are.

wenyanmomoUID：2678798

（4）TOPIC: ISSUE208 - "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."
WORDS: 361          TIME: 00:39:42          DATE: 2010-4-13 19:34:04    490

A person's look, dress, and actions can reflect his or her attitudes and interests to some extent. However, for most cases, this kind of reflection is not precise, but can be wrong. Not to mention that people's appearance and behavior can reveal society's ideas and values.

As we all know, the employer is inclined to hire the person who looks clean and tidy, because it may leave a impression of great ability of self-control and high efficiency; also, when someone wears a suit, it will leave an impression of solemnity on other people; and when we stay with a person who loves to smile, we will feel he or she is an outgoing person and easily to get along with. All these above are the first impression left on people. Thus sometimes, though their look, dress, and act, we can learn one's attitudes and interests.

However, as the old saying goes, 'A long road tests a horse's strength and a long task proves a man's heart'. Only based on a person's external quality, we may not know his or her internal feelings and real attitudes. A person who is simply dressed may be a millionaire; also, the smile on one's face may be a velvet paw. In addition, as we all know, people in Korea love wearing Hanbok and people in Indian love wearing Lisa. Therefore, can we safely draw the conclusion that people who look or dress alike have similar attitudes and interest? Definitely not!  In addition, people’s behaviors are more alike than ever before thanks to globalization and urbanization as well as some role modals such as Michael Jackson. In this case, it is harder and harder for us today to judge a person from his or her outward appearance. So, external phenomenon sometimes cannot reveal one's true feelings. We should never 'judge a book by its cover.'

From what is discussed above, people will find that it is hard even to judge people's attitude from their looks, dress and actions. Then how can we judge our society by the appearance and behavior of its people? Granted that we can judge a person by his or her appearance, never can we safely draw the conclusion that we can judge a society by its people! Take America as an example, where people there from almost every part of the world, have different colors and religious beliefs, and none of them can represent the whole society’s ideas and values. Can we say that all Americans are Christian or can we say that they all the racist? The answer is obviously not!

In conclusion, just as reading a book, we cannot tell the whole story if we only read the preface. Similarly, we cannot judge a person only by his outward appearance when we want to learn his attitudes and interest. Go further and say, never can we learn about a society's ideas and value by its people's appearance and behavior.