TPO听力讨论贴

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

发现做了这么些听力，竟然不进反退！盖缺少细致分析也。
搜索了下，竟然没有听力题的讨论，不想一个个发新帖问，就每天看到什么就贴上来吧，斑竹们板油们帮帮忙哈~~

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

求封贴，竟然是我那个版本的答案有错误！！！摆了乌龙了，为了不误导后来的童鞋，麻烦删除这个帖子吧！！

sonicjamUID: 2507839

你还是可以讨论嘛。。。

咖啡盐UID: 2973669

淡定....

咖啡盐UID: 2973669

你TPO不是做的软件的么？

yinxingxiaoyaUID: 2595671

一直错很多，从未被超越。。。哭过。。

nprotectUID: 3047768

听力…… >_<

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

你还是可以讨论嘛。。。
sonicjam 发表于 2011-8-22 18:19

可是，如果我看了原文知道选啥，我就不知道讨论什么了，感觉精华里面都讲过了做题技巧什么的，就靠自己多磨练了

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

问一下关于听力的主旨题，一般来说，主旨题应该会在开头提出吧，但是有的开头看了也不知道怎么选，很多时候我是听了整个段子以后自己凭印象总结出来的呀。
比如TPO12 section2 lecture1（也就是段子2）
开头的主旨为“Opera was commonplace in Italy for almost thousands of years before it became commercial as a venture. And during those years, several things happened primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.”答案是两个，一个是Difference between opera and other forms of music，一个是italy's musical influence throughout the world感觉完全不能总结，只能是通篇下来后自己总结了

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

没人鸟，也没人删帖，好吧，讲自己听力感受好了
今天发现，虽然那些所谓的提示词很重要，我也下了烤鸡以前整理的听力原文有批注的看着，但是，光听到提示词显然不够，其实，应该有更好的版本，解析结构、以及结构的提示词的，那些有时候比听到答案中那些所谓“so, well, ....”更有用。因为前者帮我们梳理文章脉络，提示可能的问题呢~~
加油，小萝卜，拔头筹

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

试分析TPO17对话一
Professor
[url=]OK, let’s see.（这里是开头，又有OK，let's see这样的提示词，考点来了） Right, Modern Stagings of a Shakespearian Classic. [/url] Well, like I told you last week, I
think that’s a great topic for you paper. So the title would be something like ... uh ...


Student
I am not really sure, probably something（这里接着对方没说完的话说，然后发现，其实就是重复了开头，重复和接对方的话都是考点，其实，就是告诉我们不要慌，即使一开始因为紧张没听出来，这里也听到了，不是吗？） like 20th century stagings of A Midsummer Night’s
Dream.


Professor
Yes, I like that. Straightforward and to the point. So（这里有转换话题的作用，果然问题后面的回答考到了） how is the research going?


Student
[url=]Well（前面的提问有提示词，这里的回答有well，而且来意必考）, that’s what I came to talk to you about. I was wondering if you happen to have a copy of the Peter Brook production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream in your video collection. [/url] I’ve been
looking for it everywhere and I am having a really hard time tracking it down.


Professor
That’s because it doesn’t exist.


Student
You mean in your collection ? Or at all?


Professor
[url=]I mean（提示词，而且，前面不停地在重复这个考点，后面也有不少重复） at all. That particular production was never filmed or recorded.[/url]


Student
Oh no. I had no idea. [url=]From what I read, that production, like, it influenced every （这几个词都要注意）other production[/url]
of the play that came after it. So I just assumed it had been filmed or videotaped.


Professor
Oh, It definitely was a landmark production. And it’s not like it ran for just a week, but（其实这个but也是来帮助大家的，就算大家前面没听到，后面这个重复说，不考都有鬼） either it
was never filmed or if it was the film’s been lost. And it’s ironic because there’s even a film about
the making of the production, but none of the production itself.


Student
So（转个话题） now what do I do? If there is no video.


Professor
Well, think about it. This is the most important（这个其实是重复了前面的影响力那个考点，顺便又说了下这个学生写的paper的主题，所以重复真的很重要） 20th century staging of A Midsummer Night’s
Dream, right?


Student
But（这家伙同样的问题翻来覆去问，导致教授翻来覆去回答，启发其思维） how can I write about Brook’s interpretation of the play if I can’t see his production.


Professor
Just because there’s no recording doesn’t mean you can’t figure out how it influenced other
productions.


Student
Yeah, I guess there’s enough material around, but it will be a challenge.


Professor
True. But think about it, you are writing about dramatic arts, the theater, and that’s the nature of
theater, isn’t it?


Student
You mean because it is live, when the performance is finished ...


Professor
That’s it. Unless it’s filmed, it’s gone. [url=]But（其实前面重复很多了） that doesn’t mean we can’t study it. And of course some[/url]
students in this class are writing about productions in the 19th century, there are no videos of those. You know, one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find way of talking about something that’s really so transient, about something that, in a sense, doesn’t exist.


这篇我听得乱七八糟，当时边听边想，这tm都是些什么呀，虽然感觉都听懂了，但是猜不透他要怎么出题，大概只猜到了会问来意（虽然都做对了），所以感觉还是没有进入境界，要继续加油，索性来好好分析下吧~反正没人鸟我，哈哈，瞎写写

咖啡盐UID: 2973669

我又要进行第二轮复习鸟

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.(提示我们这是啥课，一般我会记下来)


Professor
Ok, now（主题） I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms. And that’s the octopus, one of the unusual creatures that live in the sea. The octopus is prey to many species, including humans, so （主题，比开头更直接）how does it escape its predators（某种程度的重复）? Well, let me back up here a second（插入个话题）. Anyone ever heard of Proteus?（这里有停顿，注意力集中）Proteus was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly. Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformations.（作用总是要考的） And it does this in three ways（这是下面的提纲了）: by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape.
For me, the most fascinating transformation（方法一） is when it changes its color. It’s a normal skin color, the one it generally presents, is either red or brown or even grey, and it’s speckled with dark spots. But when it wants to blend in with its environment to hide from its enemies, it can take on the color of its immediate surroundings: the ocean floor, a rock, a piece of coral, whatever. Charles?

Student
Do we know how that works, I mean, how they change colors?（提问引出新话题，不过这里不算新，是深入探讨）


Professor
Well（回答问题）, we know that the reaction that takes place is not chemical in nature. The color changes are executed by two different kinds （方式方法）of cells in the octopus’ skin, mainly by color cells on the skin’s surface call chromatophores（下定义，此句后停顿）.
Chromatophores consist of tiny sacks filled with color dye. There might be a couple hundred of these color sacks per square millimeter of the octopus’ skin, and depending on the species, they can come in as many as five different colors. Each one of these sacks is controlled by muscles. If the muscles are relaxed, the sack shrinks, and all you see is a little white point. But（方法一C的方式） if the muscle’s contract, then the sack expands, and you can see the colors. And by expanding different combinations of these color sacks to different degrees, the octopus can create all sorts of colors. Yes, Elizabeth?


Student
And just with various combinations of those five colors, they can recreate any color in their
environment?


Professor
Well, they can no doubt create a lot with just those five colors, but you are right, maybe they can’t mimic every color around them, so that’s where the second kind（方法一的方式二） of cell comes in. Just（方法一的第二方式） below the chromatophores is a layer of cells that reflect light from the environment, and these cells help the octopus create a precise match with the colors that surround them. The colors from the color sacks are supplemented with colors that are reflected from the environment, and that’s how they are able to mimic colors with such precision. So, that’s how octopus mimic colors（提示方法一讨论结束）.
But they don’t just mimic the colors in their environment; they can also（承上启下，方法二） mimic the texture of objects in their environment. They have these little projections on their skin that allow them to resemble various textures. The projections are called papillae（停顿又来了）. If the octopus wants to have a rough texture, it raises the papillae. If it wants to have a smooth texture, it flattens out the papillae, so it can acquire a smooth texture to blend in with the sandy bottom of the sea. So the octopus has the ability to mimic both the color and the texture of its environment. And it’s truly amazing how well it can blend in with its surroundings. You can easily swim within a few feet of an octopus and never see it.


Student
I read that they often hide from predators（重复了主题） by squirting out a cloud of ink, or something like that.


Professor
Yes. The octopus can release a cloud of ink if it feels threatened. But it doesn’t hide behind it, as is generally believed. Um, the ink cloud is ... it serves to distract a predator while the octopus makes its escape.
Um, now there’s a third way（方法三） that octopus can transform themselves to blend in with or mimic their environment, and that’s by changing their shape and size, well, at least their apparent size.
The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves.（例子，一般考作用，不过今天考的是用了什么例子） Even Proteus would be impressed, I think.

结构：主题--> 方法一--> 方法二-->方法三。其中，主题中有个神仙的例子，方法一中涉及两种细胞也就是两种方式， 方法二、三涉及小例子。

疑问：你这第一题是怎么错的？？？？主题不断重复重复。。。。。

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

阅读分析TPO19（这次做竟然还是错了3个，orz）The Roman Army's Impact on BritainIn the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy.（highlight句子题，选项要概括出这3个地方） Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed（=
used as military bases）, its presence was much more influential（细节题，most influence的地）. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress（=stop by force单词题） rebellion and organize government.（细节题）一、罗马士兵驻扎英国
Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. Its large population needed food and other supplies. Some of these were certainly brought from long distances, but demands were inevitably placed on the local area. Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy. When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied; otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty. Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead.（修辞目的，由hence可以推出往前找答案） Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. The pool of excess cash rapidly stimulated a thriving economy outside fort gates. Some of the demand for the services and goods was no doubt fulfilled by people drawn from far afield, but some local people certainly became entwined in this new economy. There was informal marriage with soldiers, who until AD 197 were not legally entitled to wed, and whole new communities grew up near the forts. These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations（细节题，B选项极具迷惑性呀Most of their needs were met by traveling tradespeople who visit the forts）.二、三、军队的需求刺激社区形成
The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment.（细节题，C选项） Such units recruited on an ad hoc (as needed) basis from the area in which they were stationed, and there was evidently large-scale recruitment within Britain. The total numbers were at least 12,500 men up to the reign of the emperor Hadrian (A.D. 117-138), with a peak around A.D. 80.（细节题，A选项错） Although a small proportion of the total population, this perhaps had a massive local impact when a large proportion of the young men were removed from an area. Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. Most units raised in Britain went elsewhere on the European continent, although one is recorded in Morocco.（细节题，B选项错） The reverse process brought young men to Britain, where many continued to live after their 20 to 25 years of service, and this added to the cosmopolitan Roman character of the frontier population. By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.（排除题）四、军队辅助机构的形成
This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain,（修辞目的题，由前面的also explains why，可以推出答案往前看） at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.五、社区建立的结果

主旨题，选项
O     
Although the presence of the army in certain areas caused resentment(一) among the local population, it provided important services such as building infrastructure（二）.
     
By recruiting unemployed young men for its auxiliary units, the army made it possible for them to stay in their home towns and provide financial support for their families.（三，细节，且后面没提到）
     
Large quantities of cash from soldiers’ pay stimulated development, but also drove up prices, making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services（纯猜测）.
O
Though the army appropriated land and some goods, it also paid for many supplies, stimulating local economic growth.（二、三）
O
The forts contributed to the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who brought with them new skills and techniques（又猜测）.
O
Roman soldiers started families with local inhabitants, and over the generations, the military community became a stable part of British society.（三、五）

shinichishUID: 3275707

楼主威武，学习精神值得学习！