本帖最后由飒飒11 于 2011-10-2 13:05 编辑

10月2日
由于之前，寄托的维护，今天开始补以前的日志~不过，先贴出今天的吧。

Civil Engineering: Suspension Bridge
Listen to part of a lecture on civil engineering in a journalism class.
Good morning, class. Today I brought in a picture of a specific kind of bridge called a suspension bridge.
That bridge looks familiar to me. Is it the Clinfton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, England?
Yes, you're right. You're really on the ball today. Can anyone tell me who built it and what is unique about the suspension bridge?
Well ,the Clinfton Suspension Bridge was designed in 1830 by a man named Brunel, but he died before the bridge was finished. As his memorial, the bridge was finally completed in 1864.
Excellent. You're really with it today. Now who can tell me about suspension bridges? Or is this question over your heads?
I think I can answer that. According to some books I've read about suspension bridges, the road deck is hanging from cables that are strung across a river like the Avon Gorge in the picture. What makes a suspension bridge unique is that there is no support in the centre and the road deck hangs below the supports rather than resting upon them like other bridges.
Excellent. Let me fill you in on some other details. Some of the oldest suspension bridges used ropes instead of cables that were loosely thrown across a gorge or river. This only allowed for people to hang as they crawled across. Soon after, wooden footways were added between the ropes. Unfortunately, these bridges were not convenient or safe for taking donkeys or carts across because of the swinging of the ropes and the loads were just too heavy for the bridge to bear. The suspension bridges that we use today, like the one in the picture, were first developed way back in the early 1800's. Civil Engineers such as Telford and Brunel thought of the idea of using towers to lift up the cables and using a frame to support and stiffen the bridge called a truss. The towers allowed the bridge to stay perfectly flat, which would give horses and carriages a means to cross. In a nutshell, Brunel designed the first non-moving bridge. Today, the design of the suspension bridge is the same, but we use steel cables instead of iron links like those found on a bicycle chain. In fact, Brunel's famous bridge still has the iron chain links.
How do suspension bridges hold the heavy weight of cars and trucks? In the past they only used horses and carriages so the bridges didn't carry as much weight as they do now.
Good point. All modern bridges that you see today use huge steel cables to hold the roadway. These cables are hung over two towers and held concrete blocks at both ends of the bridge. Vehicles such as cars and trucks push down on the roadway and because the roadway is held up by hangers from the steel cables, they can transfer all the weight onto the two towers. This means that the two towers are always compressed, which allows them to transfer the forces to the ground or concrete blocks where they absorb the tension from the steel cables. Steel is the preferred material used in long suspension bridges because it can handle extremely heavy weight. Steel is stronger than iron and is also light in weight. A famous example can be seen in the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, USA.
Are there any problems with a suspension bridge?
I'm glad you asked me that question. There have been a couple of disasters in regard to suspension bridges. If the engineers design a bridge that is too light or too flexible, the bridges wil not be strong enough. They will begin to move and rock back and forth, even in light winds and will eventually collapse into the gorge or river below.

总数（649）正确（543）简拼（1）错拼纠错（97）多拼（4）漏拼（16）

bicycle	自行车
carriage	四轮马车，运费
cart	二轮运货马车
collapse	倒塌，塌陷
compressed	被压的
crawl	爬行，缓慢地行进
deck	平台，甲板
donkey	驴子，傻瓜
familiar	熟悉，亲近的 n.密友
footway	人行道，小路
gorge	峡谷
journalism	新闻业，新闻工作
on the ball	集中注意的，在状态的
roadway	车行道，道路
rope	绳，绳索 vt.捆，绑
strung(string)	捆扎系上，收紧
suspension	悬架，悬浮，暂停
suspension bridge	吊桥
tension	张力，拉力，紧张
thrown(throw)	抛，扔掉
truss	束，构架 vi.捆绑

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发表于 2011-10-3 13:19:32 |显示全部楼层

10-3
今天两个短篇，

Tattoo
Listen to part of a lecture in a health class and answer thequestion.
Let's look at this interesting piece of news. Oh，first, do any ofyou have a tattoo?
I've got an eagle on my back.
Anybody else? ... No? Okay. Did you know that 16% of adultAmericans have tattoos?Christina, Aguilera andBeyonce have tattoos. Do you think they are safe? Did youknow that absolutely no national regulations exist? When you get atattoo, you put yourself atrisk - allergies to thedyes, keloid scarring, and infections including hepatitis, tetanus and even HIV. Now isn't thatscary!
If you still want one and you have thought about what it will looklike in 30 years, there are some tips you should follow.
Everything should be clean and sanitary, even the appearance of the persondoing the tattooing. Take a good look at the sterilizing equipment. Does it have a recenttesting certificate?
If you can, try to watch someone else getting tattooed. The needles, in sterilized packagesof course, should be opened in front of the customer. There shouldbe a biohazard container forones thathave been used. Watch the artist tosee if he or she changes gloves aftertouching things other than needles. There are no regulationsgoverning tattooing, but there are state licensing regulations. Look for thecertificate on the wall. If the artist belongs to Alliance of Professional Tatooists, that's a sign of a good reputation. Be patient. Your tattoo willtake seven to ten days to heal.

总数（263）正确（228)简拼（1）错拼纠错（38）漏拼（3）

allergy	过敏症，反感
alliance	联盟，联合
biohazard	生物危害
dye	染料，染色
hepatitis	肝炎
infection	感染，传染
keloid	瘢痕瘤
licensing	许可，批准
sanitary	卫生的，清洁的
scarring	n.瘢痕形成 v.结疤
scary	吓人的，引起惊慌的
sterilizing	消毒的，灭菌的
tetanus	破伤风

Samuel Adu-Poku
Listen to part of a lecture in an education class and answer thequestion.
Recently we discussed the research of Samuel Adu-Poku, anAfrican-Canadian. He considered the curriculum in the average North Americanschool under the perspective ofregarding Africa as being the cradle of civilization. He discussed how NorthAmerican education disadvantages students of African descent by not recognizing Africa as being thesource of many discoveries andknowledge. He explained how North American writers incorrectlyattribute many discoveries and early knowledge to European sources.
Adu-Poku recommended thereorganization of some NorthAmerican art courses to provide amulticultural viewpoint that acknowledges African discoveries and toencourage African children to learn the traditions of their Africanancestors. In total, Adu-Poku's research helped to expose our assumptions as readers and show us where weare positioned. For North American readers this relative positionwould be different from thatofAsian readers and both would be different from that of Adu-Poku.As a North American, I was made aware of my historical viewrelative to Great Britain and Europe. His writing made me aware ofmy position. Did any of you experience a shift in your viewpoint? Adu-Poku's researchconfronted me also withsome of my assumptions. It certainly showed me how education caninstill prejudicial attitudes that can mark learners for life and limit one's experienceand views of others. I would like to think some more about thistoday. Specifically I would like to examine other ways in which education is notan advantage.

总数（267）正确（232）错拼纠错（27）多拼（5）漏拼（9）

attitude	态度，看法，意见
confront	遭遇，比较
cradle	发源地，发祥地
curriculum	课程
decent	正派的，得体的
examine	检查调查
expose	使曝光，揭露
prejudicial	不利的，存有偏见的
recognize	承认，认出
recommend	劝告，推荐
reorganization	改组，改编