【zz】Critical Thinking--RED Model

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Pearson has developed the following RED Model – Recognize  Assumptions, Evaluate  Arguments, Draw Conclusions – as a way to view and apply critical  thinking  principles  when  faced  with  a decision.  This  model  is  particularly  helpful  in critical-thinking training programs.
Recognize  Assumptions.
This  is  the  ability to  separate  fact  from  opinion.  It  is  deceptively easy to listen to a comment or presentation and assume the information  presented is  true even though  no  evidence  was  given  to  back  it  up. Perhaps  the  speaker  is  particularly  credible  or trustworthy, or  the  information  makes sense or matches our  own view. We  just  don’t  question it. Noticing  and  questioning assumptions  helps to reveal information gaps  or  unfounded logic. Taking  it  a  step  further,  when  we  examine assumptions through the eyes of diferent people (e.g.,  the  viewpoint  of  diferent  stakeholders), the end result is a richer perspective on a topic.
Recognize  Assumptions  – Separating fact from opinion.
• What is the key issue/problem that you are trying to resolve?
• What information do you have about this issue?
• What are your ideas and assumptions that support your strategy or plan?
• Is there solid evidence to support those assumptions, and what might be some gaps in your reasoning?
• Who are the key stakeholders and what are their viewpoints?
• What other ideas should be explored, and what else do you need to know?

Evaluate  Arguments.
It  is difcult to suspend judgment  and  systematically  walk   through various  arguments  and  information  with  the impartiality  of  a  Sherlock  Holmes.  The  art of   evaluating   arguments   entails   analyzing information    objectively    and    accurately, questioning the quality of supporting evidence, and understanding how emotion infuences the situation. Common barriers include confrmation bias,  which  is  the  tendency  to  seek  out  and agree  with  information  that  is  consistent  with you own  point  of view,  or allowing emotions – yours or others – to get in the way of objective evaluation.  People  may  quickly  come  to  a conclusion  simply  to  avoid  confict.  Being able to remain objective and sort through the validity of  diferent  positions  helps  people  draw  more accurate conclusions.
Evaluate  Arguments  -  Analyzing  information objectively and accurately, questioning the quality of  supporting  evidence,  and  understanding  how emotion infuences the situation.
• What are the pros and cons of the solution that you are proposing?
• What are your biases? Is there someone who has a diferent opinion than yours that you could run your ideas by?
• What impact will your decision have on others?How will you handle this?
• Who would disagree with your proposed solution? What is the rationale that supports their viewpoint?
• What key points, models and/or perspectives do you need to keep in mind as you evaluate the options?
• What will be the impact of your decision?
Draw Conclusions.
People who possess this skill are  able  to  bring  diverse  information  together to  arrive  at  conclusions  that  logically  follow from  the  available  evidence,  and  they  do  not inappropriately generalize beyond the evidence. Furthermore,  they  will  change  their  position when the evidence warrants doing so. They are often characterized  as having “good  judgment” because they typically arrive at a quality decision.

Draw Conclusions – Bringing diverse information together  to  arrive  at  conclusions  that  logically follow from the available evidence.
• After evaluating all of the facts, what is the best possible conclusion?
• What specifc evidence is driving your conclusion?
• Is there new evidence that would impact your decision?

Each of these critical think ing skills fts together in  a  process  that  is  both  fuid  and  sequential. When   presented   with   information,   people typically    alternate    between    recognizing assumptions and evaluating arguments. Critical thinking is sequential in that recognizing faulty assumptions  or  weak  arguments  improves  the likelihood of reaching an appropriate conclusion.
Although  this  process  is  fluid,  it  is  helpful  to focus on each of the RED skills individually when practicing skill development. With concentrated practice  over  time,  typically  several  months, critical   thinking   skills   can   be   signifcantly increased.

dandelionttUID: 2852417

sigh

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

辛苦了~

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

辛苦哦~有例子研读就好了~~

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小企鹅~