小女不才，请教几道36套问题~~

winnidu1120UID: 2978750

1，练习六
　Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come natu-rally" in archetypal situations in any culture. Our "frailties" –emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed 10 assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they20 guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.
2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
　　(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
　　(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
　　(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
　　(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
　　(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change
　　答案：E/E
为什么选E呢？我肿么木有找到OUTPACE....
2，练习7 第三篇
The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertiser's claim that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of eletrical energy used, thus apparently contradictiong the principle of energy consevation.
6. If the author's assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?
A Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.
B Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.
C Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client's ability to believe.
D Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.
E Concentrate your akvertising firmly on financially relevant issues such as price discounts and efficiency of operation.
答案： C
为什么选C呢？ 我觉得是选A 啊。。。
3，练习8 第二篇
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. The recent popular paychohistory, commotted to Freudian psychoanalysis, takes a radically different appraoch. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians hve always understood it. Psychohistory derives its facts not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individual who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in thire lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence : that evidence ba publicly accessible to , and therefore assessable by, all historians. Psychohistorians, convinces of the absolute rightness of theories, are also conviced that theirs is  the deepest explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.
3,The author of the passage puts the word deepest in quotation marks most probably in order to
A quesiton the usefulness of psychohistorians' insights into traditional historical scholarship
B draw attention to a comtradiction in the psychohistorians' method
C emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians' method and that of psychohistorians
D disassociate her opinion of the Psychohistorians' claims from her opinion of their method
E signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians' claims for their work

为什么选E呢？实在是不理解啊~~

谢谢各位大神！！！！

so猫UID: 148633

1，第一篇很难懂啊我觉得，我读了三遍才明白到底怎么回事。
选e是对得，这篇文章有点难，不知道你看懂了作者说得意思没有，作者第一段是再说各种情绪，然后第二段说某些情绪，比如我们日益需要更多得安全感，其实是“所谓坏适应的进化”，也就是说其实这些情绪是让我们更不好的去适应周围的环境。而且这些人类学家相信这种进化不单单是与人类的行为相关，而是相信在生物学上这个是有道理的（给你打个比方就好像有些人在研究某些罪犯的暴力倾向是不是跟他本身所携带的某些基因相关一样，这是我个人的看法哈）。然后作者的意思就是说要知道到底是怎么回事我们必须更好的理解这整个进化过程到底是怎么回事才会让我们选择看似让我们更难以适应周围环境的路径。

这道题的目的是让你来看作者到底assume，也就是先入为主的相信什么事情是对的或者可能发生的。
e选项的意思是，人类环境是可以走在进化选择前面的。因为作者在这一段最后说了，他相信如果我们知道这个进化为什么发生，我们是可以有机会resist to the pressure，也就是说，虽然人天生的就有某些原因让这么多年的进化走到今天很多都是maladaptive的这个地步，但人是定胜天的。只要你了解这是怎么回事你是可以走在它的前面组织这个更不适应的进化本身的。

winnidu1120UID: 2978750

谢谢分析~~~o(∩_∩)o ，我现在有些明白了，选项E 中的human environment 即文章中的“we”;而evolutionary change 即pressure ? 文章最后的意思是人类是可以克服那些不良的进化咯？ 2# so猫

瓶子要学习UID: 2999456

第二篇文章意思是说由于广告里面说heat pump可以产生两倍于提供的电能的能量，而这很明显是违背于一般人所知道的能量守恒定理。这样的话，一般的消费者就会对这个广告产生疑问，觉得厂商在忽悠我们，继而也就不会去买它所宣传的产品了。这个heat pump的原理我是不了解，但是文章的意思里并没有说广告有夸大的意思意思。它强调的就是C选项 Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client's ability to believe.即不要讲一些和普通消费者的认知所违背的话，即使那个为事实...

ray641097060UID: 3237947

第一问，对应原文“Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. ”
意为：这些从古进化而来的人性弱点，与现在不适应，它们跟阑尾类似
反过来就是说，人类环境的变化超过了人类生物上的自然进化