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发表于 2012-3-23 23:01:08 |显示全部楼层

1. At the Shadybrook dog kennel, all the adult animals were given a new medication designed to reduce a dog’s risk of contracting a certain common infection. Several days after the medication was administered, most of the puppies of these dogs had elevated temperatures. Since raised body temperature is a side effect of this medication, the kennel owner hypothesized that the puppies’ elevated temperatures resulted from the medication’s being passed to them through their mothers’ milk.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the kennel owner’s hypothesis?
(A) Some puppies have been given the new medication directly but have not suffered elevated temperatures as a side effect.
(B) The new medication has been well received by dog breeders as a safe and effective way of preventing the spread of certain common canine infections.
(C) None of the four puppies in the kennel who had been bottle-fed with formula had elevated temperatures.
(D) an elevated temperature is a side effect of a number of medications for dogs other than the new medication administered at the kennel.
(E) Elevated temperatures such as those suffered by most of the puppies in the kennel rarely have serious long-term effects on a puppy’s health.

2. Over 40 years there has been a great increase not only in the number of agricultural pesticides in use but also in the care and sophistication with which they are used by farmers. Nevertheless, the proportion of agricultural crops lost to certain pests worldwide has increased over the same period, even when the pests concerned have not developed resistance to existing pesticides.
Which of the following, if true. best explains how improvements in pesticide use have been accompanied by greater losses to certain pests?
(A) Some dangerous but relatively ineffective pesticides common 40 years ago are no longer in widespread use.
(B) As pesticides have become increasingly pest- specific, controlling certain pests with pesticides has turned out to cost more in many cases than the value of crop losses caused by those pests.
(C) Because today's pesticides typically have more specific application conditions than did pesticides in use 40 years ago, today's farmers observe their fields more closely than did farmers 40 years ago.
(D) Certain pest-control methods that some farmers use today do not involve the use of chemical pesticides but are just as effective in eliminating insect pests as those that do.
(E) Forty years ago, much less was known about the effects of pesticides on humans and other mammalian species than is now known.

3.An economist concluded that Kregg Company deliberately discriminated against people with a history of union affiliation in hiring workers for its new plant. The economist's evidence is that, of the 1,500 people hired to work at the new plant, only 100 had ever belonged to a labor union, whereas in Kregg Company's older plants, a much higher proportion of workers have a history of union affiliation.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the economist's argument depends?
(A) None of the people with a history of union affiliation who were hired to work at the new plant were union organizers.
(B) Applicants for jobs at the new plant were not asked by Kregg's recruiters whether they had ever belonged to a labor union.
(C) In the plants of some of Kregg's competitors, the workforce consists predominantly of union members.
(D) The company believes that the cost of running the new plant will be lower if labor unions are not represented in the workforce.
(E) The pool of potential candidates for jobs at the new plant included some people, in addition to those Kregg hired, with a history of union affiliation.

4.Hastings’ contracture is a disorder of the connective tissue in one or both hands, most commonly causing loss of mobility. A survey of thousands of medical-insurance claims found that over 30 percent of people who had one hand operated on for Hastings' contracture underwent surgery a second time for this disorder within three years. Clearly, therefore, a single surgical treatment of Hastings' contracture is often ineffective at providing long-term correction of the disorder.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) The medical-insurance claims did not specie whether the surgery was on the patient's right or left hand.
(B) The surgical techniques used to treat Hastings' contracture are identical to those used successfully to treat certain work-related injuries to the hand.
(C) A separate survey found that 90 percent of patients operated on for Hastings' contracture report increased hand mobility within one month after the surgery.
(D) All of the patients in the survey were required by their insurance companies to seek a second opinion from a qualified surgeon before undergoing the operation.
(E) Many people who have Hastings' contracture choose to tolerate its effects rather than undergo the risks of surgery.

5.A society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only under conditions of economic growth. There can be no economic growth unless the society guarantees equality of economic opportunity to all of its citizens. Equality of economic opportunity cannot be guaranteed unless a society's government actively works to bring it about.
If the statements given are true, it can be properly concluded from them that
(A) no government can achieve a fair distribution of resources under conditions of economic growth
(B) all societies that guarantee equality of economic opportunity to all of their members are societies that distribute resources fairly
(C) a society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only if its government actively works to bring about equality of economic opportunity
(D) there ran be no economic growth in a society unless that society guarantees a fair distribution of resources
(E) some societies that experience economic growth fail to guarantee equality of opportunity to all of their citizens

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