关于听力的十一条窍门

oncesightUID: 2235407

这个是老生常谈了。但是从个人经验觉得有几点还是非常关键的：
1，注意听懂比记笔记要重要很多。
    其实我很少在做题的时候回头查笔记，毕竟只有5道题，靠热烘烘的记忆也大多可以搞定。笔记的作用更多的是保持注意力，以及在一些多项和顺序题中发挥作用。
2，其实开头的几句，特别是lecture开头几句特别重要。因为经常有题目问：what's the main purpose of this lecture.
3，学生有时候打岔其实也很重要，重要的在于后面speaker将要给出的解释，往往有题。
4，注意看题目和选项，像我上一贴说的，这里往往有很多阅读上的traps。
5，听懂是最最关键的，没有这个基础，一切技巧都是浮云。

TOEFL Listening Tips

1.         ListenActively
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Take notes
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Infer meaning
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Generalize
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Ask questions
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Recognize key points
o
What are they talking about?
o
How do they feel about the subject?
o
What are the key points of this conversation?
o
What is the tone of the conversation?
2.         Classify It
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Determine if you are listening to a lecture or aconversation
o
Lecture                                               
§
Mostly one sided
§
Academic topic
o
Conversation
§
Equal exchange between two or more people
§
Informal language
3.         Be Brief
·
Become quick and effective with your note taking
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Do not worry about spelling or grammar
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Use your own wording to save time and help withyour comprehension
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Write in fragments
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Use symbols and acronyms
SYMBOLS
+          and,also, positive, plus, moreover, together, good
-           butnot, without, negative, bad
=          verb+ like to describe it (rabbit = fuzzy)
Verb + not todescribe (sandpaper fuzzy)
            
About,approximately equal to
                        
a > b    More than, bigger than, greater than, stronger than
            a < b    Less than, smaller than, weaker than
            à        Go to, relocate, move
                        Changeinto, become, transform
                        Creates,causes, is responsible for
                        Raise, increase, morehigher, jump to, over
                        
Lower, decrease,less, drop, under
                        
X          Reject,disapprove, no
            ?          Unknown, unsure, must find out later,undecided, questioning

4.         Find the Key
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You cannot make notes on everything—there isn’ttime!
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Identify and record the KEY POINTS of thepassage
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Ask yourself
o
What are the main points of this lecture?
o
Who is the conversation about?
o
Why are they talking about this?
o
What is the conversation about?
o
Ask yourself, who, when, why, where, how manyand how much.
5.         RecordImportant Details
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Recognize the major details of the passage andrecord these—you won’t have time for the minor, unimportant details.
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Major Points
o
In 2007, Pluto’s status as a planet was revoked.
o
The speaker’s tone is emotional.
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Minor Points
o
Pluto’s status change caused much uproar on theinternet.
o
What the speaker had for lunch.
o
***Be aware of material that are there todistract you from the main theme
6.         FindConnections
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Ask yourself: How do these points connect to thekey ideas of the passage?
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If they don’t, they likely are not the majorpoints of the passage.
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Remember: TOEFL is about COMPREHENSION—notregurgitation (repeating).
7.         Look forCohesive Devices
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These are often clues to connections and themain points of the passage.
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Pay special attention to
o
Pronouns
o
Adjectives
o
Transitions
o
Repetition
o
Synonyms
o
Signal words: changes or ideas such as seldom,at the moment, in 1975, so far, usually, often, up to now, at the moment
8.         Listening isnot Reading
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This is a dialogue—not a passage with only onevoice.
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Watch out for:
o
Interruptions
o
Confused speakers asking for clarification
o
Self-clarification or contradictions
o
Fragmented sentences
9.         Watch forParaphrasing
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Remember, TOEFL is about comprehension, so oftenthe correct answer is a paraphrase of something from the passage.
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Be wary of answers that contain a lot of wordsdirectly from the passage, this may be done to trick you.
10.       ***Extra tips
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Be prepared for delayed answers to questions
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Focus on the needs, desires and direct responsesof each speaker
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Create a separate note column for each speaker
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Make note of the complicating factors (reasonswhy something can’t be done easily)
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Pay attention when one speaker asks a question,it’s a clue that information is about to be delivered
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Make special note of conclusions, outcomes orthe results in the conversation—things that indicate what has changed or whatwill happen next
11.       Bonus Tips:Lectures
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Lectures follow formats which are similar toessays
o
Introduction: includes the thesis or main idea
o
Body paragraphs: containing the arguments—eachbeginning with a topic sentence
o
Conclusion: may contain clue words like“wrapping up” or “in the end,” may restate the thesis.  Also may contain the lecturer’s thoughts oropinions on the subject.
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Watch for student interruptions forclarification or expansion of ideas, these often indicate keu points
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Realize you can’t take notes on everything, workon understanding concepts presented.  Thefocus of this section is not to test your memory, but a strong memory willhelp.
*****The most important thing to remember when taking astandardized test is to forget each section as you move on.  Don’t retain information from Question 2 whenyou’re doing Question 3.  View eachquestion as it’s own space and information.
ESPECIALLY—if you struggle on one listening or speakingquestion, do not let it erode your confidence. Just let the emotions pass and concentrate on the task that you’re doingnow.  Confidence is essential forconcentration and motivation.

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

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