【GRE作文互改小组】独语斜阑的AW提纲

独语斜阑526UID：3331127

2012-9-25




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okqishiUID：3245371

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独语斜阑526UID：3331127

okqishi 发表于 2012-9-25 23:36
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独语斜阑526UID：3331127

9月26  issue
43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Agree  正反反
1、disadvantages brought by rapid pace of life far outweigh its advantages
2、advantages: saving a lot of time handling other things such as email、transportation、phone；这三个的作用各论述一遍； 然后，有许多食物不用花时间做如速冻水饺（quick-frozen dumplings）， 速溶咖啡，省掉了很多繁琐的程序。
3、生活节奏加快，causes a lot of health problems. In order to accomplish mount of work, it is common to make best use of every second, thus it is general for them to finish their lunch quickly which may give rise to sickness of stomach. 还有那些instant food 对人们身体也不好，有很多添加剂(additives) for example KFC 油炸食品fried food
4、不仅是身体健康方面，我觉得快节奏的生活给人心理造成的伤害更大。有些人跟不上快节奏生活，产生抑郁症depression, 人与人之间的交流越来越少，特别是与亲人，下班回家不想说话的人越来越多，会产生亲情危机。例如，以前一家人在一起做饭，边吃边聊，现在这样的机会就很少。还有虽然交通工具改进，火车提速了，还有地铁，节省了很多时间， 但很多人都没有真正的enjoy themselves.处在大都市压力的包围中。自杀率越来越高也是生活节奏加快的结果之一。
综上所述，虽然现代人享受更多的高科技，先进，但并不否认，享用这些东西的时候我们也失去了很多。现在的生活并没有带给人们更多的happiness，而是增加了很多vexation
62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
1、纵观历史，好像每一次大的民族运动或者国家改革都会有一个领导人，民族解放，国家改革总是跟这些领导人分不开的。所以很多人包括作者认为是特定时期的条件和责任使这些领导者产生，诚然，这种说法是有道理的，但是也不能忽略领导人自己的能力
2、时代给领导人提供舞台，没有重要的事件很难体现一个人的超凡能力。例如，chairman mao。 曼德拉 领导南非人们解放； Marx 共产主义（communism），为许多发展中国家指明了方向，使哲学空前发展.
3、虽然一个时代提供了条件，但是为什么不是别人而是famous people 领导人们。 所以领导人的特质很重要。比如，charisma of convening people, wisdom that analyzes current situation and volition to make decisions. 例如 曼德拉在监狱中度过半世纪都没有放弃；毛泽东没有照搬苏联(the soviet union)but lead people to fight in villages.
4、只有特定历史条件，或者只有特质，都不能早就领导者，只有把两者结合起来，缺一不可。内在能力与外部条件结合。
77 The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Disagree
1、年轻人的文化只能被作为了解文化的一方面，而不是全部，也不是有效途径。
2、年轻人是社会重要组成部分，是新生力量，反映着社会潮流。一方面，年轻人更容易吸收新事物，能够大胆接纳新思想。特别先进科技，一般都是年轻人的发明或者引进。例如，现在老年人很多都不会用现在的手机，。另一方面，年轻人在自己国家长大，也收到传统文化的熏陶。不同国家年轻人的世界观（world view）和想法也不一样，例如，东方更传统和保守(conservative)。所以分析年轻人的trends会得到很多信息。
3、但是，年轻人只是一部分，反映一部分人的潮流，而要了解整个国家的文化走向，老年人和中年人不可少的甚至更重要的一部分。因为，他们比年轻拥有更多更久的文化积淀(rich in cultural heritage), 对文化的态度更传统。所以，在很多领域，做出最大贡献，取得科研成果的往往是中年人而不是年轻人，不管是学术还是经济方面。例如，教授，CEO
4、虽然年轻人是未来国家的generation， 但是年轻人现在的思想不代表以后，会随着时间变化，这样就不能以现在的状况分析未来潮流。例如，现在的老年人年轻的时候把学习作为唯一的途径。。。。。可是现在态度改变，不一定
5、了解一个国家的文化，主要是传统文化，年轻人的思想中已经融入了很多新的事物，不能代表。
93 Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Disagree
1、不得不承认，现代经济情况下，人们越来越多的关注事物的外表，很容易忽视事物的实质。虽然appearance is a factor ,但是真正的实力还是事物的内在。不管是人还是物。
2、人们追求外表也是有原因的，这好像已经成为了社会的导向。对于一个事物，同样的东西，更容易选包装好的，挑事物也是挑好看的。例如在选水果时，一般倾向于外观整齐，而不是ugly。即使有些时候后者更delicious。 对于人，外表好看的人更容易得到employer的青睐。如果两个人面试，能力相同，结果必然是。。。pass。
3、但是，外表只是短暂的，内在实质才是决定因素，也更长久。例如，劣质产品(interior products)终会被abandoned。实力派歌手比外表光鲜的歌手更能立足。Wherever the gold is , It is luminous. 马云的例子。
4、不管是人还是物都应该强调内在，因为内在才会持续，外表像meteors，短暂(transient)

独语斜阑526UID：3331127

9月26argument提纲
50 An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
1、人数太少，不具有代表性；时间太短，不能反映问题。
2、第三周效果好不一定是因为枕头，可能本身就很累，也可能是心理因素，没有压力，所以不失眠
3、就算第三周因为枕头睡觉效果好，但是不代表被完全治愈，可能过一段时间不用这样的枕头就会继续失眠。
4、作者没有考虑到负面影响，为什么第二周比第一周更累，睡觉应该使人全面放松，比往常累，说不定是负面影响。
94 The vice president of human resources at Climpson Industries sent the following recommendation to the company's president.
"A recent national survey found that the majority of workers with access to the Internet at work had used company computers for personal or recreational activities, such as banking or playing games. In an effort to improve our employees' productivity, we should implement electronic monitoring of employees' Internet use from their workstations. Using electronic monitoring software is the best way to reduce the number of hours Climpson employees spend on personal or recreational activities. We predict that installing software to monitor employees' Internet use will allow us to prevent employees from wasting time, thereby increasing productivity and improving overall profits."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
1、        全国调查不一定适用公司
2、        没有数据显示公司的productivity降低了
3、        没有标准判断员工上网是否用于personal things，也可能工作的时候无意打开网页
4、        负面影响：员工没有隐私，产生消极情绪；员工没有自由，这样反而会使效率下降。

独语斜阑526UID：3331127

9月27
argument
62 The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
1、调查是否准确，会不会谎报数据
2、因果类错误，感染变少，不一定是因为洗手液，可能凑巧那两天医院卫生检查，也可能医院人数少了，所以相对来说感染的人就变少了。
3、个体推整体错误，个别医院不能反映整个医院，设备，人员素质，规模不同
4、就算用了洗手液也不一定会产生效果，还可能产生负面影响
93 The following appeared in a memorandum from the manager of WWAC radio station.
"WWAC must change from its current rock-music format because the number of listeners has been declining, even though the population in our listening area has been growing. The population growth has resulted mainly from people moving to our area after their retirement, and we must make listeners of these new residents. But they seem to have limited interest in music: several local stores selling recorded music have recently closed. Therefore, just changing to another kind of music is not going to increase our audience. Instead, we should adopt a news-and-talk format, a form of radio that is increasingly popular in our area."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
1、        因果类错误，听众减少，不一定跟音乐形式有关，很有可能是音乐节目的质量
2、        音乐带销量下滑，不代表居民不喜欢音乐，只是消费方式变了
3、        改成news and talk节目不一定会受欢迎。

独语斜阑526UID：3331127

issue
8 Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.
Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。
原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。
Agree 但要分领域。
1、如果不采用短期任职，像作者说的五年更换，长期任职产生很多问题。没有居安思危的思想，不担心自己被辞退，没有动力工作。如，中国古代封建皇帝。还有会滋生腐败
2、因为长期任职会产生很多问题及时更换leaders是有利的，首先，可以带来新的观点和想法，新的氛围，毕竟人与人的想法不同。其次使领导者不安于现状，为了争取连任，在位期间会做出更多的努力。例如，美国总统四年一次election，使总统在位期间尽力解决人们的问题，做出更多的政绩。最后，对新手来说， 使他们开到希望，激励promising young men。
3、但是有些领域不适合频繁换届。如学术，需要很深的积累才能成为authority， 这样发表的观点才能使人信服。在商业上，每一次都是新人不了解经济运作过程，打乱发展计划，还有公司之前积累的人脉关系都会打破，重新建立会造成损失。另一方面，新上任的领导会不考虑长远目标，为业绩造工程。例如，城市建设，有些领导人，上位之后推翻之前领导的建议，
4、所以对于这个问题来说，需要分情况而定，不能太绝对。也不一定要五年后退位时间可以改变。还有领导人任职期间可以适当用一些评定方法，
16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.
有些人认为，为了保证效力，政治领袖一定要屈从民众意见，为妥协而放弃原则。也有人认为，有效力的领导者一定具备持续坚定自己原则和目标的能力。
两个观点balance
1，遵从大众观点的重要性，当社会上大多数人提建议时，要好好考虑，并且对一些基本问题，领导者要多考察，毕竟民众最了解地方情况。例子，因为不听从人民意见的反例。
2、领导者也要有自己的观点，因为有时候民众没有领导者了解世界情况。特别是当触及某些人的利益时，更应该坚持自己的观点。例子，改革开放，
3、领导者的其他品质也很重要。

104 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
想成为一名有效力的领导者，政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。
Disagree
1、maintain the highest ethical and moral standards 不一定就是effective leader。
反之亦然。两者没有必然联系
2、政治领域的道德标准跟一般领域的标准是不一样的，不能用一般意义的标准衡量。
3、领导者其他素质也很重要
123 The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.
社会培养年轻一代胜任政府、工业等领域的领导职位，最佳途径是灌输合作精神，而不是竞争精神。
Disagree 两者缺一不可
1、竞争的重要性：激发自己的潜力；发现自己的问题、不足、向别人学习；有危机意识，提高自己。
2、合作的重要性：现代社会没有一件产品不是合作完成的。全球各地的公司，制造不同的零件（components）提高效率，如果一个领导人不知道怎么与别人合作，必将失败。例子，欧盟（european union）
3、两者都要有个度，不能过分强调竞争或者合作。把两者适度结合，才是最重要的。过分强调竞争的危害；过分强调合作的危害。