geegee的资料合辑：Paraphrase and Translation of Quotations [color=red][b]推

geegeeUID: 138117

Paraphrase and Translation of Quotations

Introduction

On the eve of taking the GRE of November 2002, Jennifer spoke to me, “I knew the reading part was hard, but I came to see writing even much harder.” I have the The Writing of English by Mr. Ge Chuangui on hand. I’ve found many useful suggestions and demanding exercises in this book. The exercise of paraphrase is noticeable, not only because I met paraphrase early in freshman year and thought it entirely a big bore, but another eventful year passed by and my mind has changed so much.   

Besides book reading and passage reciting, I need to do paraphrase as a regular exercise.  Material is available. That’s The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Quotations. On the back cover of this mini book goes the introduction,“The eloquent and entertaining musings of some of the greatest minds of yesterday and today are presented in this lively collection.  The familiar utterances and often-cited observations of historical figures such as William Shakespeare and Mark Twain are complemented by the reflections of such modern writers as James Baldwin and Erica Jong ...”. This is an excellent collection arranged by different subjects. I would like to try my hand as follows.

1. Paraphrase the content, using correct, simple and clear English.
2. Translate them into Chinese. I will leave it blank when some quotations prove beyond me.  
3. The source information, mainly about author and book names, will not be translated. A man, as a common case, may be prompted by a terribly interesting quotation to read a whole book vigorously. Then, the translation of the source information may be helpful to him. But I beg to be indulged here.

Last but not least, I sincerely hope that my gter friends will give me some suggestions, advices, and point out my errors at the first opportunity.  


Content

Ability

Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study. – Francis Bacon, Essays

Like natural plants need cutting off superfluous parts for more fruitful growth, inherited abilities need timely study to develop into greater talent.
如同自然界中植物须修赘除冗，天然禀赋须依赖后天学习来促进成长。

In the last analysis, ability is commonly found to consist mainly in a high degree of solemnity. – Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary

After all due consideration, we often discover what a man can do is mostly determined by how seriously he do it.
究其根本，人们常会发现能力主要存于相当认真的态度之中。

Natural ability without education has more often attained to glory and virtue than education without natural ability. – Cicero, Pro Archia Poeta

Those who have inborn talent but lack acquired education find it easier to invite praise, honor and merit than those educated men who are poor in natural aptitude.
比起受过教育却天赋匮乏，未受教育而天生有才的人往往更有光彩，有更多人称颂他的品质。

The superior man is distressed by his want of ability. – Confucius, Analects

Man of better merit worries about that he has not enough abilities.
君子患其不能也。

The winds and waves are always on the side of the ablest navigators. – Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

The strongest sailors will inevitably brave his challenging course of navigation: the winds and waves are just measure of his ability.
风与浪呵，你总能见到最强悍的航海人的身影。

(to be continued)

Weldon

realturtleUID: 69047

thanks for sharing!
:-P
expecting more

geegeeUID: 138117

It is a great ability to be able to conceal one’s ability. -La Rochefoucauld, Maxims

Among all kinds of abilities, there is a special one that a powerful man can space his ability out of sight.

将自己的才能掩藏，这就是一种了不起的能力。

Competence, like truth, beauty and contact lenses, is in the eye of the beholder.   - Laurence J. Peter, The Peter Principle

It is sensible to notice that whether a person has adequate ability, something is true, somebody is beautiful or contact lenses are effective, comfortable enough to correct defects in vision, all of them, depend on the views of surrounding watching people. That sounds laughable but is true.
能力, 象真理、美貌、隐型眼镜一样，全在旁观者的眼中。
[原文这句话挺幽默的，很有些嘲讽的意味。就像以前常说的一句话，说你行，你就行，不行也行。只要瞒天过海，连哄带骗，搞定那些周围的相关的人（the beholder）,那么，真理在你手中，好财、好色之徒在你圈套中，能力也会在你的头衔中闪闪发光了。]

Every man loves what he is good at. – Thomas Shadwell, A True Widow

Everybody has his strengths, that he cherish, big or small.

凡己所长，总是喜爱。

Intelligence is quickness to apprehend as distinct from ability, which is capacity to act wisely on the thing apprehended.   -  Alfred North Whitehead, Dialogues

Intelligent people understand things quickly. That’s why they are called intelligent.  Able men take a further step. They resort to action with good understanding and sound judgment.

迅速的理解谓之聪明，才能与之不同，理解之后明智地付诸实施谓之才能。

end of the subject - ability

geegeeUID: 138117

Absence

Absence makes the heart grow fonder,
Isle of Beauty, fare thee well!
         -Thomas Haynes Bayly, Isle of Beauty
[Bayly’s wording is the wording now current, but the thought is ancient. Sextus Propertius in his Elegies: “Among absent lovers, ardor always fairs better.”]

Without the sight of you, my darling, my affection will only
Burns stronger, Isle of Beauty,
Take my last good-bye!

分离使心儿更向往，
再见吧，美丽岛！

The heart may think it knows better: the senses know that absence blots people out.  We have really no absent friends. – Elizabeth Bowen, The Death of the Heart

We, by intuition know better that missing friends become obscure, without feeling them. So taking the long view, we can hardly keep real friendship with them.

内心似乎更易明了，互不相通使人们淡漠相忘，那些断了联系的朋友，我们果真要失去了。

Absence is to love what wind is to a fire; it puts out the little, it kindles the great. –Roger de Bussy-Rabutin, Histoire amoureuse des Gaules
[This analogy of love to a fire was also made by La Rochefoucauld, in his Maxims:“Absence diminishes mediocre passions and increases great ones, ans the wind blows out candles and fans fire.”]

Little fire will be easily blown out by wind while the great will be started burning up. That’s the same with love to absence. Absence inctes great love, but leaves slightly moved hearts die out.

分别之于爱情犹如山风之于野火，它将微弱的熄灭，强盛的情感却由此燃得更烈。

Absence, that common cure of love. – Miguel De Cervantes, Don Quixote de la Mancha

It is shared experience that absence is a course of treatment for broken hearts.

淡忘常常是失恋后疗伤止痛的药方。

Love reckons hours for months, and days for
years;
And every little absence is an age.
–        John Dryden, Amphitryon

Without the company of lover, days are longer, and thoughts linger.
At last she comes; for a while she stays.  
However, every time she disappears, over my heart vacancy floods.

挨时如月，
度日如年；
爱人眼底，
片刻不见，
恍若经年。

(to be contunued)

Weldon

realturtleUID: 69047

我把你的主题“Paraphrase and Translation of Quotations”主题合并了
请你以后在发的时候都发到这个主题下面来，谢谢啦！^_^

另外，我把这个主题暂时置顶，免得你以后发找不到你原来的主题 :-P

Expecting more......

geegeeUID: 138117

The absent are always in the wrong.
    - Destouches, L’Obstacle imprevu

When trying to find who is to blame, one can
always set the absent as a target.
不在场的总是责备的对象。


Sometimes, only one person is missing,
and the whole world seems depopulated.
              - ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE,
                Premieres meditations poetiques

In some special times, the world seems so vainly existing,
only because the one is absent.

    有时候，
    不过这一人不可寻见，
    抬眼望去 -----
      整个世界空荡一片。

Abstinence – See MODERATION AND ABSTINENCE

Absurdity

The absurd has meaning only in so far as it is not agreed to.
                          – ALBERT CAMUS, The Myth of Sisyphus

What is considered as absurd finds every reason in how much
is disagreed. Except for such circumstances, absurdity means
nothing special.  

荒谬的含义不过是见解不同。

Those who are serious in ridiculous matters will be ridiculous in serious matters.
                                           - CATO THE ELDER, quoted in Plutarch's Moralia:
                                             Sayings of Kings and Commanders

If a man does not laugh at a joke, he will be a joke at handling matters
requiring much thought and prudence.

那些在开玩笑时一本正经的人，在处理正经事情的时候往往是荒唐可笑的。

     Life is a jest, and all things show it;
     I thought so once, but now I know it.
                    - JOHN GAY,  “My Own Epitaph”
                   [This is inscribed on Gay's monument in Westminster Abbey]

To live is to be amused by obvious absurdity and incongruity all around.  
This idea spoke to me softly once or twice. Yet, till now I discern it.

     生活捉弄人，世事皆明证；
     我曾自忖之，今朝方悟成。

What is utterly absurd happens in the world.
                   -NIKOLAI GOGOL, “The nose”

Totally unreasonable, ridiculous things happen,
just in all living societies around the world.
荒诞绝伦事，恰在世间有。

(to be continued)

geegeeUID: 138117

… the privilege of absurdity, to which no living creature is subject but men only. – THOMAS HOBBES, Leviathan
Paraphrase: Being ridiculous is a right granted to human beings as a peculiar advantage. It is peculiar because that no other living beings can enjoy this advantage.
荒谬是人类才配享受而其他活物无缘染指的特权。

From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a step.　－NOPOLEON I, attributed
自崇高走向荒谬，不过一步而已。
Paraphrase: Beauty, nobility, grandeur and other excellent qualities certainly differ with laughable, amusing ones.  But sometimes the elevated qualities may have little worth when a little part is displaced.

geegeeUID: 138117

Life is full of infinite absurdities, which, strangely enough, do not even need to appear plausible, since they are true. – LUIGI PIRANDELLO, Six Characters in the Search of an author.
Paraphrase: We can find as many absurd situations as possible in daily life. They do not need to seem likely to be true; they are indeed the truth. That is strange enough.

生活中充满了无休止的荒诞事，怪的是，他们无需显得真实可信，他们本身便是活生生的现实。

People who cannot recognize a palpable absurdity are very much in the way of civilization. – AGNES REPPLIER, In Pursuit of Laughter
Paraphrase: Those who are blind to the absurd that is to be easily noticed propably are the civilized.

对明显荒诞却又视而不见的，常是那些文明人。

Abuse – See INSULTS AND ABUSE

Achievement – See also SUCCESS AND FAILURE

The tree is known by his fruit. – BIBLE, Matthew 12:33
Paraphrase: We cannot see what sort of tree it is till we find out its fruit.

看果子就可以知道树. (依<圣经>新标点和合本)

I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. – BIBLE, II Timothy 4:7
Paraphrase: The enjoyable fight is over. The course I’ve struggled for is completed. The faith has never been abandoned.

那美好的仗我已经打过了,
当跑的路我已经跑尽了,
所信的道我已经守住了.
(依<圣经>新标点和合本)

geegeeUID: 138117

Measure not the work
Until the day’s out and the labor done.
-ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWING, Aurora Leigh

Paraphrase: Do not try to see the fruit in haste.
You can do it after the course is over and your effort is made.

到一天结束、劳作停止时，再去衡量劳作的成果。

One never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done. - MARIE CURIE, letter (1894)

Paraphrase: People are inclined to neglect the things already done and aim at the remaining tasks only.

已完成的总被忽视，人们眼中只有待完成的事儿。

The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.
           -RALPH WALDO EMERSON, Essays

Paraphrase: The reward of a thing well done cannot be isolated from the course of action.  Those who have done it will naturally be rewarded.

把一件工作干好了，你会发现，
奖赏就在完成工作的过程之中。

We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing,
while others judge us by what we have already done.
    -HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, Kavanagh

Paraphrase: Of course, we can feel what we might be able to do. By that feeling we judge ourselves.  However, others judge our abilities just by what we’ve already accomplished.

吾以自觉能为之事观己之所能；而人以吾已成之事观之。

Each morning sees some task begin,
     Each evening sees it close;
Something attempted, something done,
     Has earned a night’s repose.
        -HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, “The Village Blacksmith”

Paraphrase: Each morning some task starts and each evening it ends. Since the goal of the day is reached, his mind can be calmed and a good rest can be earned.

日日清晨即作业，
入暮方止作休歇。
一片耕耘一片果，
赢得当夜好安眠。

To do all that one is able to do, is to be a man; to do all that one would like to do, is to be a god.  –NAPOLEON I, attributed

Paraphrase: There seems to be no much difference between a man and a god.  A man does what he is capable of.  Yet a god just does what he would like to.

行所能行一切事是谓真人；
为所欲为一切事是谓真神。

Let’s talk sense to the American people.  Let’s tell them the truth, that there are no gains without pains. – ADLAI E. STEVENSON, speech (accepting nomination for President, 1952) [The expression “No pains, no gains” appeared as early as 1670, in John Ray’s English Proverbs.]

Paraphrase: Let’s talk to the Americans about some common sense.  Let’s make them informed of the plain truth that no pains, no gains.

让我们跟美国人讲些理，告诉他们实际的情况,就是没有辛劳便没有收获。

Is there anything in life so disenchanting as attainment? – ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, The New Arabian Nights

Paraphrase: It frees us of all the illusions when the goal is reached.

生活中还有什么比到达终点更让人不再迷惑的呢？

To achieve great things we must live as though we were never going to die. – MARQUIS DE VAUVENARGUES, Reflections and Maxims

Paraphrase: To accomplish something really great, we have to live long enough, for seemingly our lives will be endless.

为成就伟绩， 似乎我们须活得足够长久，直至长生永不老。

Voices from Great China

我们心底“不信任”的基础太深了,辜负了太多的好意。　
－画家黄永玉说：“一次我在巴黎写生，一位年青的法国女士微笑着跪在我背后看我画画。然后她给我倒了一杯水。喝不喝呢？我首先想到的是她会不会在水里下蒙汗药；待她招招手微笑着走了，我马上摸摸后裤袋，看钱包还在不在。”

Too much mistrust roots deep in our conciousness，and too much kindness towards us has become strangely extravagant.  – Huang Yongyu says, “Once I was practising sketching in Paris.  Behind me a young French lady knelt down to watch my work. And she hepled me with a cup of water.  To drink it or not? I first thought of a possible knockout drug dissolved in. After a while, as she waved her smiling good-bye to me, I was right away feeling for my wallet in the trouser’s back pocket. ”

在人生的战场上，不要觉得自己已经拼了命，也不要抱怨环境对你的要求过苛。因该想的是，自己的对手是否更拼命，别人的环境会不会更严苛。　－台湾作家刘墉如是说

Over the life-long journey that’s worth fighting for, please keep from holding that all your efforts have been made and no more.  Nor should you complain about the harsh conditions. One question is to be turned over in your mind, whether your rival’s efforts are greater, his conditions even harsher.  Says Liu Yong, a famous writer from Taiwan.

Acting – See THEATER AND FILM, ACTORS AND ACTING

geegeeUID: 138117

Measure not the work
Until the day’s out and the labor done.
-ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWING, Aurora Leigh

Paraphrase: Do not try to see the fruit in haste. You can do it after the course is over and your effort is made.

到一天结束、劳作停止时，再去衡量劳作的成果。

One never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done. - MARIE CURIE, letter (1894)

Paraphrase: People are inclined to neglect the things already done and aim at the remaining tasks only.

已完成的总被忽视，人们眼中只有待完成的事儿。

The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.
           -RALPH WALDO EMERSON, Essays

Paraphrase: The reward of a thing well done cannot be isolated from the course of action.  Those who have done it will naturally be rewarded.

把一件工作干好了，你会发现，奖赏就在完成工作的过程之中。

We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing,
while others judge us by what we have already done.
    -HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, Kavanagh

Paraphrase: Of course, we can feel what we might be able to do. By that feeling we judge ourselves.  However, others judge our abilities just by what we’ve already accomplished.

吾以自觉能为之事观己之所能；而人以吾已成之事观之。

Each morning sees some task begin,
     Each evening sees it close;
Something attempted, something done,
     Has earned a night’s repose.
        -HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW,
           “The Village Blacksmith”

Paraphrase: Each morning some task starts and each evening it ends. Since the goal of the day is reached, his mind can be calmed and a good rest can be earned.

日日清晨即作业，
入暮方止作休歇。
一片耕耘一片果，
赢得当夜好安眠。

To do all that one is able to do, is to be a man; to do all that one would like to do, is to be a god.  –NAPOLEON I, attributed
Paraphrase: There seems to be no much difference between a man and a god.  A man does what he is capable of.  Yet a god just does what he would like to.

行所能行一切事是谓真人；
为所欲为一切事是谓真神。

Let’s talk sense to the American people.  Let’s tell them the truth, that there are no gains without pains. – ADLAI E. STEVENSON, speech (accepting nomination for President, 1952) [The expression “No pains, no gains” appeared as early as 1670, in John Ray’s English Proverbs.]

Paraphrase: Let’s talk to the Americans about some common sense.  Let’s make them informed of the plain truth that no pains, no gains.

让我们跟美国人讲些理，告诉他们实际的情况,就是没有辛劳便没有收获。

Is there anything in life so disenchanting as attainment? – ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, The New Arabian Nights

Paraphrase: It frees us of all the illusions when the goal is reached.

生活中还有什么比到达终点更让人不再迷惑的呢？

To achieve great things we must live as though we were never going to die. – MARQUIS DE VAUVENARGUES, Reflections and Maxims

Paraphrase: To accomplish something really great, we have to live long enough, for seemingly our lives will be endless.

为成就伟绩， 似乎我们须活得足够长久，直至长生永不老。

Voices from Great China

我们心底“不信任”的基础太深了,辜负了太多的好意。　
－画家黄永玉说：“一次我在巴黎写生，一位年青的法国女士微笑着跪在我背后看我画画。然后她给我倒了一杯水。喝不喝呢？我首先想到的是她会不会在水里下蒙汗药；待她招招手微笑着走了，我马上摸摸后裤袋，看钱包还在不在。”

Too much mistrust roots deep in our conciousness，and too much kindness towards us has become strangely extravagant.  – Huang Yongyu says, “Once I was practising sketching in Paris.  Behind me a young French lady knelt down to watch my work. And she hepled me with a cup of water.  To drink it or not? I first thought of a possible knockout drug dissolved in. After a while, as she waved her smiling good-bye to me, I was right away feeling for my wallet in the trouser’s back pocket. ”

在人生的战场上，不要觉得自己已经拼了命，也不要抱怨环境对你的要求过苛。因该想的是，自己的对手是否更拼命，别人的环境会不会更严苛。　－台湾作家刘墉如是说

Over the life-long journey that’s worth fighting for, please keep from holding that all your efforts have been made and no more.  Nor should you complain about the harsh conditions. One question is to be turned over in your mind, whether your rival’s efforts are greater, his conditions even harsher.  Says Liu Yong, a famous writer from Taiwan.

Acting – See THEATER AND FILM, ACTORS AND ACTING

geegeeUID: 138117

Action

Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.
- BIBLE, Ecclesiastes 9:10

Paraphrase: Whatever you desire to do, do it with your might.  In the grave where everybody will go, there is no work, nor trick, nor knowledge, nor wisdom.
凡你手所当做的事要尽力去做；因为在你所必去的阴间没有工作，没有计谋，没有知识，也没有智慧。(依<圣经>新标点和合本)

He who deisres but acts not breeds pestilence.
-WILLIAM BLAKE, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

Paraphrase: Too much wants but no action tends to cause a killing disease that spreads quickly in him.
一个人如果只想不做，便有危殆。

The world can only be grasped by action, not by contemplation.  The hand is more important than the eye….The hand is the cutting edge of the mind.　-JACOB BRONOWSKI, The Ascent of Man

Paraphrase: If something can be done, it’s simply by action, not thinking.  Action is more important than observation plus consideration.  Nothing but in action can great thoughts ultimately find their sharp effects.

将世界把握在手的是行动，不是冥想。动手去干比观察更为重要．．．行动是思想的刀锋。
[我对cutting edge把握不住。词典上的解释有a sharp effect or quality；the foremost part；van guard: the forefront of an action or movement. 感觉上the hand 是the mind 这把无形的吹毛利刃的刀锋，思想所及，便有刀痕，试译“行动是思想的刀锋”。行动起来方有成效，你可以是深藏不露的高手，但要见你出手，才知道你的分量。但总感觉少了点原文的神韵。知与行若能化作一体，那就神了。知行合一是我的感触与引申。另外，关于表与里的关系，我不禁想到毛泽东的字，想必你也有深刻的印象。字向来被看作是“心划”，用字来算命，不是没有依据。从他的字，可见其思想的刀锋，从事迹看，在二十多年的时间里，从星火的初始到燎原大陆的形势，呵! 岂止是天助毛润芝？后人的崇拜虽有盲目的成分在，但绝非偶然。从功绩看，毛泽东也是行动的巨人。真可谓，人刀化一体，知行永不离。]

geegeeUID: 138117

Think’st thou existence doth depend on time?
It doth; but actions are our epochs.
               -LORD BYRON, Manfred

Paraphrase: Consider the question if your life is counted by time.
Yes, it’s true.  But actions make notable changes.

试想，你的生命是否依时间而存续？
诚然如此，行动方是你我生命的标志。

In order to act you must be somewhat insane.  A reasonably sensible man is satisfied with thinking. – GEORGES CLEMENCEAU, quoted in Clemenceau, The Events of His Life As told by Himself to His former Secretary, Jean Martet

Paraphrase: For action you have to be wild in a way. A brain filled with reasoning and understanding need not do any more.

为了行动起来你必须有些个疯狂。思维严谨的人单靠思想便满足了。

Action is consolatory.  It is the enemy of thought and the friend of flattering illusions.　-JOSEPH CORNRAD, Nostromo

Paraphrase: Action is a relief. It saves itself from deeper thinking and gets flattered by illusions.

行动能带来抚慰。行动是思想的敌人，是迷人幻象的友人。

Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.
–GEORGE ELIOT, Adam Bede

Paraphrase: Actions have an impact on us as much as how we act.

我们对行动有几分把握，行动对我们便有几分影响。[行动造就了影响。]

We never do anything well till we cease to think about the manner of doing it.
– WILLIAM HAZLITT, Sketches and Essays

Paraphrase:  It seems that when we continue to wonder how to do something well, we still cannot do it well enough.  As thing’s changing, and at last it’s perfectly done, we may be stricken with surprise to note that the mannar of doing it is already forgotten.

直到我们不再思考做事的方式，事情才会做好。

The great end of life is not knowledge but action.
-THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY, Technical Education
Paraphrase: Great lives do not content themselves with knowledge only. They take a step forward by action. Thus makes a completion.
伟大的生命以行动作结，而非知识。

geegeeUID: 138117

I have always thought the action of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. – JOHN LOCKE, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Paraphrase:　All the time I reckon the action of men to be the unspoken description of their thoughts in a best way.

我一直这样想，最佳地诠释了人们思想的是行为。

Every man feels instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less than a single lovely action. –JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, Among My Books

Paraphrase: Deep in everybody’s heart, he knows that all the beautiful, hidden feelings in the world are not as heavy as a single action with that love clearly shown.
每个人皆有如此直觉，世上所有美好情感的分量，敌不过一记充满爱意的行动。

Action is eloquence. – SHAKESPEARE, Coriolanus
Paraphrase: Vivid action is the best explanation.
雄辩属于行动。

If to do were as easy as to know what were good to do, chapels had been churches and poor men’s cottages princes’ palaces. –SHANKESPEARE, The Merchant of Venice

Paraphrase: Chapels and churches, cottages and princes’ palaces had been almost the same, if knowledge of action were comparable to knowlege plus action.  

如果知道要做些什么, 比起动手实干来一样地容易，私人祈祷处便如同教堂，穷人的小屋可比王子的宫殿了。

Action is transitory – a step, a blow,
The motion of a muscle, this way or that –
‘Tis done, and in the after-vacancy
We wonder at ourselves like men betrayed.
         - WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The Borderers

Paraphrase: Action tends to pass away quickly. A step, a blow, in a way of motion of a muscle, shortly come to an end. Afterwards, we fall into a vacancy wondering why we were seduced.

行动转瞬即逝，一步、一击、
随着肌体的动作，这样或那样――
在完成之后的空虚中，
我们对自己纳闷，
感觉像遭人诱惑了一样。

geegeeUID: 138117

去年圣诞时，好友赠我《纳兰性德词新释辑评》。 闲时翻阅，总为容若的才情感动。张秉戍先生在这本集子里将纳兰词的特点概括为“真纯、自然、深婉、凄美”八字。

    下面四阕乃旧时摘录，相赠好友。转眼间岁末将至，这世间的情感竟仍存有几种，可穿破时空的阻隔，长驻心头。那是眷恋，也是牵挂，却不至于演成重重的束缚、无形的担负。深挚的情感总是给我勇气，催我自新。

    纳兰性德（１６５５－１６８５），字容若，号楞枷山人。性德天资早慧，好学不倦，博通经史。他的词在生前即刻本问世，《纳兰词》自康熙以来即有多种版本，初名《侧帽》，后改名《饮水》。

    词的注评全出自《辑评》。在此与更多的朋友们分享。

                   菩萨蛮

    窗前桃蕊娇如倦，东风泪洗胭脂面。人在小红楼，
离情唱《石州》。  夜来双燕宿，灯背屏腰绿。香尽
雨阑珊，薄衾寒不寒。

石州，指乐府七调之一的商调曲名，商调之音凄怆哀怨，
多表达凄清伤感之情。绿，乌黑发亮的颜色。此处引申为
昏暗不明。即谓双燕背灯而宿，其双双身影落到了屏风中间，
呈现出昏暗不明的景象。雨阑珊，雨将尽。

                         虞美人

　　彩云易向秋空散，燕子怜长叹。几番离合总无因，
赢得一回僝僽一回亲。    归鸿旧约霜前至，可寄香笺字。
不如前事不思量，且枕红蕤欹侧看斜阳。

　　僝僽：烦恼，愁苦。
　　红蕤：红蕤枕，传说中的仙枕，此处代指绣花枕。
宋毛滂《小重山·春雪小醉》：“十年旧事梦如新，红蕤枕，犹暖楚峰云。”
　　彩云易散，好景难在，又偏与所爱的人分手，而此刻的孤寂无聊，
长嘘短叹，连檐间的燕子都感动了，虽说几回的离合并非无因由，可
每次得到的却只有又伤感、又亲热的爱的折磨！远行的丈夫曾约定霜
期之前即归来，即是如此，也应该寄封书信来慰相思啊！最后二句的
自宽自慰之语，很有“愁多翻自笑”的妙趣，使词情更其深婉透过。
                           
              临江仙

                之一

点滴芭蕉心欲碎，声声催忆当初。欲眠还展旧时书，
鸳鸯小字犹记手生疏。   倦眼乍低缃帙乱，重看一
片模糊。幽窗冷雨一灯孤，料应情尽，还道有情无？

宋蔡伸《生查子》“看尽旧时书，洒尽今生泪。”
明王彦泓《湘灵》：“戏仿曹娥把笔初，描花手法未生疏。
沉吟欲做鸳鸯字，羞被郎窥不肯书。”

                      之二

    长记碧纱窗外雨，秋风吹送归鸦。片帆从此寄天涯。
一灯新睡觉，思梦月初斜。    便是欲归归不得，不如燕
子还家。春云春水带轻霞，画船人似月，细雨落杨花。

唐白居易《凉夜有感》：“灯尽梦初罢，月斜天未明。”
画船：装饰华丽，绘有彩画之游船。
韦庄《菩萨蛮》：“春水碧于天，画船听雨眠”；
“垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪。”

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Adolescence – See also YOUTH

The “teenager” seems to have replaced the Communist as the appropriate target for public controversy and foreboding. – EDGAR Z. FRIEDENBERG, The Vanishing Adolescent

Paraphrase: The public used to dispute on what the Communist would be like. But now the subject seems to change into the “teenager”.

青少年似乎取代了共产主义者，成了大众争论、占卜的合适对象。

The imagination of a boy is healthy, and the mature imagination of a man is healthy; but there is a space of life between, in which the soul is in a ferment, the character undecided, the way of life uncertain, the ambition thick-sighted: thence proceeds mawkishness.
                        --John Keats, Endymion

Paraphrase: A boy has his healthy imagination for he is innocent; a man too, for he is already mature. But between the two stages, his soul undergoes chemical changes; his character remains formless; the future cannot be viewed clearly; his ambition pops up from time to time. Therefore, adolescence becomes silly and sentimental.

男孩子的想像是纯正的，成熟男子的想法是健康的，可处在这两者之间的，生命的这一段时光，内心躁动轻狂，性格未定，前途未卜，雄心壮志时现时隐，由此总总，青春岁月变得幼稚伤感起来。
                                 约翰 ·济慈 《恩底弥翁》

Oh the innocent girl
in her maiden teens
knows perfectly well
what everything means.
-        D.H.LAWRENCE, “The Jeune Fille”

Paraphrase: As a teenager, the innocent girl
knows very well what everything means in her world.

哦，纯真的少女，
十多岁的花季里，
便完全知晓，
一切事物的含义。

So much of adolescence is an ill-defined dying,
An intolerable waiting,
A longing for another place and time,
Another condition.
- THEODORE ROETHKE, “I’m Here”

Paraphrase: It’s unpleasant but true that much of adolescence is nearly a state of dying, which may not be described perfectly. A state of intolerable waiting. A strong desire for a new surrounding and a better feeling of oneself. That’s too much for adolescence.

青春期有太多的时光，不太恰当地说，处在死亡的边缘。
等待，到无法忍受，
渴望，另一时另一地，
还有另一种状态。

At sixteen, the adolescent knows about suffering because he himself has suffered, but he barely knows that other beings also suffer.- JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU Emile

Paraphrase: A young man of sixteen knows about his suffering because of experience. But he hardly realises that others, younger or older, also experience a sort of suffering.

十六岁的少年知道忍受的滋味，因为他曾经忍受过，但恐怕他不大知道其他年龄的人同样在遭罪。

Just at the age ‘twixt boy and youth,
When thought is speech, and speech is truth.
-SIR WALTER SCOTT, Marmion

Paraphrase: It’s a specific stage between boy and youth. Then, he plainly speaks his thoughts, without concealing, or hesitation.

恰处在青年与少年之间，
他想什么说什么，说出的都属真实。

I would there were no age between sixteen and three-and-twenty, or that youth would sleep out the rest; for there is nothing in the between but getting wenches with child, wronging the ancientry, stealing, fighting.
-        Shakespeare, The Winter’s Tale

Paraphrase: I wish there were no age between sixteen and twenty-three, or the youth of that period would not come back to consciousness. That youth has nothing to do but play sexual games with child, misunderstand ancient people, steal and fight.

Until the rise of American advertising, it never occurred to anyone anywhere in the world that the teenager was a captive in a hostile world of adults.
-        Gore Vidal, Rocking the Boat

Paraphrase: Thanks to the rise of American type of commercial, people came to see that the ideas of teenagers were confined to the world of adults, in which deep-seated ill will is popular towards each other.

Adultery – See INFIDELITY