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本帖最后由 加州Moonlight 于 2015-4-11 01:18 编辑
继LZ那篇传媒方向实践类专业解析的帖子之后,收到不少童鞋关于理论研究类专业的问题。作为传媒申请里如此重要的一个方向,我们怎么能忽略呢?现特在此开帖详细介绍。由于内容较多,LZ还是会分为若干段落娓娓道来。
先讲宏观的概念,给大家个whole picture.
- What is Communication?
- Areas within Communication
- Whatis like to study Communication?
- What kindof job do graduates do?
1. What is Communication?
如果你去读Academic/Research/Theoretical方向的传媒项目,尤其是PhD, 你一定会和这三个Communication association经常打交道:
National Communication Association (NCA)
Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC)
International Communication Association (ICA)
看到NCA是不是很熟悉啊,对了,就是在2004发布Communication专业Ranking的辣一个。话说这个排名仅针对PhD项目,而且是很有争议的,这也是在此之后他们没再发布过类似的排名的原因。这个稍后再表(哈哈,说评书的节奏啊)。但作为最权威的传播学术组织之一,影响力和权威性是毋庸质疑的。这里就引用NCA对Communication的定义来解释Communication.
“The discipline of communication focuses on how people use messages to generate meanings within and across various contexts, cultures, channels, and media. The discipline promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication.”
NCA还解释到,Communication是一个范围很广的学科,内容涵盖来自social scientists, humanists, and critical and cultural studies scholars的学术研究。而且包涵所有形式的human communication.
Communication包括的范围太广,这也正是申请者对它总是摸不到头脑的原因。但别急,对它的解析答疑正是本文的目的。我们接下来看如此广泛的学科有哪些细分领域。
2. Areas within Communication
不同的学术组织有不同的分类逻辑,我们还是看权威的NCA列的common的研究领域。
Applied Communication - The study of how communication theory, research, and/or best practices help inform knowledge and theory about communication for practical issues.
Communication Education - The study of communication in the classroom and other pedagogical contexts.
Communication Theory - The study of principles that account for the impact of communication in human social interaction.
Electronic Media - The study of radio, television, media technology, and web design with streaming audio and video.
Health Communication - The study of communication as it relates to health professionals and health education, including the study of provider-client interaction, as well as the diffusion of health information through public health campaigns.
International and Intercultural Communication - The study of communication among individuals of different cultural backgrounds, including the study of similarities and differences across cultures.
Interpersonal Communication - The study of communication behaviors in dyads (pairs) and their impact on personal relationships.
Language and Social Interaction - The study of the structure of verbal and nonverbal behaviors occurring in social interaction.
Legal Communication - The study of the role of communication as it relates to the legal system.
Mass Communication and Media Literacy - The study of how mass forms of communication, such as print, radio and television disseminate information and influence society.
Mediation and Dispute Resolution - The study of understanding, management, and resolution of conflict within intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup situations.
Organizational Communication - The study of processes used to analyze communication needs of organizations and social interaction, including how to improve communication between supervisors and employees.
Performance Studies - The study of components such as performer(s), text, audience, and context within the communication discipline.
Political Communication - The study of the role that communication plays in political systems.
Public Address - The study of speakers and speeches, including the historical and social context of platforms, campaigns, and movements.
Public Relations - The study of the management of communication between an organization and its audiences.
Rhetorical Criticism - The process of defining, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, and/or evaluating rhetorical artifacts.
Semiotics - The use of verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs in human communication.
Small Group Communication - The study of communication systems among three or more individuals who interact around a common purpose and who influence one another.
Speech Communication - The study of the nature, processes, and effects of human symbolic interaction. While speech is the most obvious mode of communication, human symbolic interaction includes a variety of verbal and nonverbal codes.
Theatre and Drama - The study and production of dramatic literature.
Visual Communication - The study of visual data, such as architecture, photography, visual art, advertising, film, and television as it relates to communication.
看完了以上的领域及简单释义,我相信你会对Communication找到些感觉了。其实细分的方向就是不同context下的communication!而刚才说到Communication学科关乎所有形式的human communication,它有很多的细分领域也就不稀奇了。
看到这你可能一方面感觉很兴奋,在众多的研究方向中找到了自己感兴趣的;另一方面你可能又overwhelmed了,这么多又从何下手了解这些方向呢?还记得NCA 2004那个排名吗?文末附件里是NCA发布排名的官方报告.如果你看这个报告的研究方法,它指出这里所Rank的专业是这样定义的。第一,他们要联系学校让他们自己define他们program的专业;第二,这些专业要有至少15个program提供。因为配合NCA这项调研进行回复并评介的response很少(33%),再加上15个program的条件,他们最终只对如下Communication的specialty areas进行了排名。
Communication and Technology
Critical/Cultural Studies of Communication/Media
Health Communication
Intercultural/International Communication
Interpersonal/Small Group Communication
Mass Communication Research
Organizational Communication
Political Communication
Rhetorical Studies
现在是不是make sense了?这些不正是论坛里经常探讨的专业吗?他们相对其他的area更常见,而且那个排名确实很有影响力,所以大家对这些领域会更熟悉一些。但在这以外,还有一些area, NCA提供了program list, 只是不再做ranking这种费力不讨好的事了。
Doctoral Programs by Research Area
Alphabetical listing of Doctoral Programs and by State
Have fun exploring! Just don't get overwhelmed!
下次来说理论方向都怎么学习,毕业都做什么工作。
**12楼继续解析传媒方向理论研究类专业的学习与工作**
**15楼 Health Communication****20楼 Political Communication/Public Affairs/Rhetorical**
**21楼 Intercultural/Global Communication**
**22楼 Interpersonal/Intergroup/Small group/Organizational Communication****23楼 Mass Communication/Media Studies**
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