TPO的阅读部分求解答

AlfredfengUID: 3439013

TPO1：
Q3：
第一段： The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.

题目：
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about both the upper and lower timerlines?

A. Both are treeless zones.
B. Both mark forest boundaries.
C. Both are sourrounded by desert areas.
D. Both suffer from a lack of moisture.

这道题选B的依据是 transition from forest to treeless tundra. 也就是 forest ------> treeless tundra
然后就意味着 forest boundaries，是这样吗？

Q8
第三段：At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.

题目：
According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of trees in the middle and upper latitudes?

A.Tree growth is negatively affected by the snow cover in valleys.
B.Tree growth is greater in valleys than on ridges.
C.Tree growth on ridges is not affected by high velocity winds.
D.Tree growth lasts longer in those latitudes than it does in the tropics.

这道题 选A的依据在哪里呢？

Q10
There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.

题目：
In paragraph 4, what is the author's main purpose in the discussion of the dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline?

A. To argue that non of several environmental factors that are believed to contribute to that phenomenon do in fact play a role in causing it
B. To argue in support of one particular explanation of that phenomenon against several competing explanations
C. To explain why the primary environmental factor responsible for that phenomenon has not yet been identified
D. To present several environmental factors that may contribute to a satisfactory explanation of that phenomenon

这道题为什么不选B呢？

Q14：

这道题 为什么F是对的，我觉得F比较minor。。 于是选了BCD， C在文章中也出现了。。
There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.

TPO1 第二篇阅读
Q28：

Q28

为什么B是对的呢？我觉得文章那一段
  Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.
我觉得B是断章取义啊。。