issue 127 事实不可改变，求砖头啊

minekeyUID：197203

知觉 （perception）——《组织行为学》
知觉可定义为个体为了自己所在环境赋予新的意义而解释感觉印象的过程。（我们并不是看到事实，而是对自己所看到的东西解释并称他为现实。例如同一个老师，学生评价不同）
影响知觉的因素  知觉者 知觉对象 情境
知觉者 最有影响的个人因素是态度、动机、兴趣、经验和期望（例如牙医比水管工更容易注意到别人的牙齿）
知觉对象 知觉对象的特点（例如我们倾向于把相互联系的实物放在一起知觉。例如，对于女性、黑人及其他在其他方面都有明显特点的群体成员，我们倾向于认为这些成员非常相像，即使是那些事实上无关的特点）
情境 (例如一个穿晚礼服的人到了教室……)
facts的理性认识

minekeyUID：197203

刚好我晚上刚好写了这一篇，希望大家顺便看看，谢谢

我才开始写Issue , 不知道水平能够“低”到什么境界阿……见谅，见谅

-----题目------
Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.
------正文------
Are facts stubborn things? The author claims so, and he reasons that our wishes, inclinations, or passions cannot change facts. I agree with this idea on the point that objective matters cannot be varied by our observation. On balance, however, I believe facts we usually comprehend or talk about in our daily lives, have a different meaning from such objective matters. Indeed, regular mentioned facts are influenced by our emotions.

In the first place, let me put an example to clarify what usually talked facts actually are. Having a course just finished, the students may need to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of their professors. The interesting thing happens in this moment--that is, some students write down "perfect", while some others fill in "terrible". Why are the evaluations towards one teacher teaching one course turning out to be so different? In reality, it is resulted from the process we comprehending facts. Facts are not things we see, rather, facts are our explanations for the things we observed, and named these explanations as facts. Perception of facts, are collected with the preceptors, percept objects, and conditions. In short, when we consider facts from this angle, facts cannot avoid being twisted by humans, especially their attitudes, motives, inclinations, experiences, and expectations.

“Stand” in the mentioned viewpoint to scrutinize facts, we may find facts are always not such stubborn. Characterized as "rational", our “rational” is "limited rational" in truth, which prevent us from cognizing real facts. Theoretically, in order to describe and assess a thing accurately and precisely, we need completed information about it. Yet, this is unrealistic. Searching for such information, humans need plunge countless energy and money, and whatever we call "information cost". This process of selecting information will be stopped when people suggest they cannot earn a profit if they continue to invest into it. As a consequence, they never make a conclusion with completed information, but with a mixture of limited information, personal experience, emotional factors and so on, and thus hardly get a perfect picture of their percept objects. For instance, consumers were, are, and will be doing such limited choices of buying a product. Common sense tells us that if an individual is going to buy a product only after he collected all the information of this product, he must be mad. In short, as whatever our perceptions of so-called facts are based on this limited rational choice or consideration, no real ultimate accurate facts can we learned.

Given further considering the case of consuming decisions, we may understand better how our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions cast effects on facts. An individual wishing clothes at the price of 10 dollars may think a clothes of 100 dollars is, while another customer expecting 1000 dollars find it so economical. A costumer may feel sports wears as better looking if he likes exercising than the others who not. People are more inclining to describe chocolates and roses as adorable and romantic when they are feeling love, especially on Valentine’s Day.

On the other hand, admittedly, there are some facts are little affected by humans' perception process, especially some apparent descriptions of simple things. If there is a triangle, then no reasonable man will argue that it is a rectangle. If there is a apple, then no formal man will maintain that it is a pear. Such facts are under no dispute, because we all accept them by common regulations, definitions, and the easy-gotten information of these objects.

All in all, we are all live in a same world filled with facts, but facts are different in people's eyes. We cannot simply judge whose explanations of the objectice matters are right or wrong. Actually, facts are our explanations for the objective world, and that the explanations are always linked with our personal factors.