请教几道JJ阅读题，谢谢

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

1. W.E.B. Du Bois’ exhibit of African American history and culture at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle attracted the attention of a world of sociological scholarship whose value his work challenged. Du Bois believed that Spencerian sociologists failed in their attempts to gain greater understanding of human deeds because their work examined not deeds but theories and because they gathered data not to affect social progress but merely to theorize. In his exhibit, Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to the observation of particular, living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure.

1. The passage implies that Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists?
A. Theorizing is important to the understanding of human actions
B. Vast generalizations have limited value.
C. Data gathering is a relatively unimportant part of sociological research.
D. Sociology should focus on the living elements of society rather than cultural artifacts.
E. Particulars are more important than universals.

KEY: A。
我的困惑：
attribute：可以理解为evaluate, judge, pass judgment。但是题目这样一来不就是在说“Du Bois对Spencerian的看法是什么”吗？（这种理解下BE对：Du不认可S的观点，原因就是be）
但解析普遍在说，题目在问“Spencerian的观点是什么？”，因此是A


2. Wildcats are improbable candidates for domestication. Like all felids [cats], wildcats are obligate
carnivores, meaning they have a limited metabolic ability to digest anything except proteins.
Wildcats live a solitary existence and defend exclusive territories, making them more attached to
places than to people. Furthermore, cats do not perform directed tasks and their actual utility is
debatable; even as mousers, in this latter role, terrier dogs and ferrets are preferable. Accordingly,
there is little reason to believe an early agricultural community would have sought out and
selected the wildcat as a house pet. Rather, the best inference is that wildcats exploiting human
environments were simply tolerated by people and, over time and space, they gradually
diverged from their “wild” relatives.

Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of
the passage as a whole
A. It challenges a widely accepted theory presented in the passage.
B. It explains a fact that has long puzzled researchers.
C. It draws a conclusion from evidence presented in the passage.
D. It presents new facts in support of a hypothesis.
E. It formulates a new hypothesis from evidence presented in the passage.

KEY c
c为啥可以是conclusion呢。。这一段的conclusion不是 Wildcats are improbable candidates for domestication吗？


请教大家。谢谢！

huang4900UID: 3879261

你好
糖儿
仅仅是抛砖引玉哈
我的理解哈 请轻喷：
attribute A to B  把A归于B 认为A是B的
意译为：B觉得A怎么样

剩下的选项都是DB的看法 ：C and because they gathered data not to affect social progress but merely to theorize。这句话是一半：解释为什么DB觉得他们（Ss那帮人）是失败的
D：最后一句话是DB觉得应该怎么做才对  这个选项很奇怪 柔和了两方的看法
哈哈 我觉得是对题目有误解

huang4900UID: 3879261

最后一句话是主干是 DB sought to present culture artifacts 后面的that全是他的定语从句
你觉得是吗？   总感觉少了成分 as 什么的。。。

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

huang4900 发表于 2019-5-9 21:57
你好
糖儿
仅仅是抛砖引玉哈

谢谢huang！
如果按照DB觉得E怎么样，即DB的评价，那剩下的选项不是比A更优？

最后一句是对的呀，你列的这一句就是主干，
Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to the observation of particular, （这句主干是present xx that shift A from B 也没啥问题啊）（living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure.这部分=observation of particular）

以希UID: 3946411

1. attribute to: to think of (something) as being made or created by (someone) . The poem is usually attributed to Shakespeare.
2. 最后一句是基于上述证据的推理结论，tolerated by=improbable. 这一段话就一个结论，但不是说只有一个句子体现结论。这题用排除法也可以做。

huang4900UID: 3879261

ba1a糖儿 发表于 2019-5-9 23:01
谢谢huang！
如果按照DB觉得E怎么样，即DB的评价，那剩下的选项不是比A更优？

DB觉得下面哪个是Ss的想法？

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

huang4900 发表于 2019-5-9 23:25
DB觉得下面哪个是Ss的想法？

shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to the observation of particular=看出来
B Vast generalizations have limited value.
E Particulars are more important than universals

但是，是我理解错attribute to了。感谢huang

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

1.所以就是再说 DB在吐槽E的那个观点，总的来说还是E的观点
Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists
attribute不用看做是“judge”，还是普通的意思，attribute to，lead to，那就是在说： 哪个观点“归功于”E？ （而且这个观点是DB认为E有的）

2.我对文章结构的理解不够变通。
一个观点（不是xx），解释..., 作者观点（而是yy）。
而是yy可作为结论。。（可以infer出来yy，说明上面的evidence infer了后面的这个yy结论）



好难哇

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

以希 发表于 2019-5-9 23:19
1. attribute to: to think of (something) as being made or created by (someone) . The poem is usually ...

感谢以希！

huang4900UID: 3879261

ba1a糖儿 发表于 2019-5-9 23:01
谢谢huang！
如果按照DB觉得E怎么样，即DB的评价，那剩下的选项不是比A更优？

living individual 和particular 是并列的吧？ living 后面的and 并列的是particular living working三个 然后 最后一个 to a vast 是 表contributions的范围吧就是 从个人到功能性的社会结构 ？整句话的断句是 In his exhibit, Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts /that would shift the focus of sociology from 【the construction of vast generalizations】 to 【the observation of particular, living individual elements of society and （the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure）】
我是这个观点
你怎么看呀？

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

huang4900 发表于 2019-5-10 08:41
living individual 和particular 是并列的吧？ living 后面的and 并列的是particular living working三个 ...

ops你的后面的划分是对的。。particular和living individual一起修饰elements

啊GRE好难UID: 4043665

今天正好在做这道题。。。 选错了orz，给之后做这题的同学一点自己小小的思路

A attribute C to B ： A将C归因于B; A认为C是B 的
Attribute something to someone or something
- 1to ascribe something to someone or something; -2to believe that someone or something is the source of something.

1. The passage implies that Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists? ( 难点在对于attribute to的理解，答案A。换句话来说就是在问：Du Bois认为Spencerian Sociologist 的【支持的】观点是什么。原本选的E，没有理解好题干)
A. Theorizing is important to the understanding of human actions (正确；Spencerian sociologists tend to theorize)
B. Vast generalizations have limited value. （Spencerian sociologists tend to favor generalization, so they would NOT consider vast generalization to have limited value)
C. Data gathering is a relatively unimportant part of sociological research. （Spencerian sociologists gather data but the importance is not discussed here)
D. Sociology should focus on the living elements of society rather than cultural artifacts. （错误1:living elements are what Du Bois favor 没错，但是cultural artifacts are also what Du Bois favor; 错误2： the question is asking what is Spencerian sociologist’s original belief, rather than asking for Du Bois 认为Spencerian应该改变些什么)
E. Particulars are more important than universals. （同上错误2, Particulars 是Du Bois favor的，而不是Spencerian)