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ETS的6分标准
paper presents a cogent, well-articulated analysis of the complexities of the issue and demonstrates mastery of the elements of effective writing.
--develops a position on the issue with insightful reasons and/or persuasive examples
--sustains a well-focused, well-organized discussion
--expresses ideas clearly and precisely
[B]--uses language fluently, with varied sentence structure and effective vocabulary[/B]
--demonstrates superior facility with the conventions (grammar, usage, and mechanics) of standard written English but may have minor flaws
回应一些同学:
前面三点都是再说文章的思想分析性的重要性!毕竟!我们写的是analytical 的东西~
[B]但是[/B] 在第四点~ETS很明显的提出了语言的要求~这两天把自己以前的一些归纳拿出来但是很多同学对归纳有否定的意见~认为归纳是一种滑稽的行为~认为在作文考试中应该运用[B]合适[/B] 的词汇~而不是运用[B]大[/B] 词~我对于这个非常赞同~[B]但是[/B] ~毕竟很多的名词~形容词~动词~假如我们不断的重复~产生的效果只能是非常幼稚~我对于词汇的看法不是追求复杂追求难~而我的归纳也仅仅为了大家同意替换提供一个小小的帮助~希望有些同学不要误解了我的意思扭曲了我的初衷~我也是追求用词的多变和新颖并且贴切~并且~不瞒大家~我自己也没背完红宝书~
我的一些看法:
GRE作文之所以难,首先我们看到的是字数,但是GRE作文的深度恰恰是更难的东西,说到深度,GTER中有想法有深度的人物大有人在,小弟也就不在此献丑,自己的文章也总是被前辈们“满江红”,但是偶尔有人称赞小弟还可以,真是不敢当啊,看过ETS的范文,看过网络上面的很多百宝箱,老外280,孙远等等,大家总是在惊呼别人的文章之美,但是,在我看来中国人写的文章大部分都是远远不及native speaker的水平,当然也有例外,Art of life,一个中国人林语堂的文章居然能够排在纽约时报best seller的位置上面N个星期,一个用外语写的中国人处事的哲学散文,有这个成绩,确实不简单,当然我也看过不少除了孙远之外包凡一,庄子等等新东方老师写的文章,遣词造句不是简单的玩意,写作更加是一门深奥的学问,对于一个大学生,一个考G的学生,我们是不是需要如此深奥的水平才能写出一个上4分以上的作文呢?在我看来不需要。有的文章很华丽,有的文章很流畅,有的文章很有思想,有的文章让人感动。对于AW来说,这四点能够做到,就已经很六分了,虽然说AW代表着分析性写作,但是,一篇好的文章,不会因为其论证性,沦为一道数学题,流畅,深邃,感动,这不是每一篇文章都能够做到的,问题的深刻总会限制人的思考的水平,影响着写作的效果,而感动,更加是难得。对于思想比较深刻或者不深刻的同学for example: me,对于题目的理解还有对于破题的效果这个是需要慢慢的加强的。
但是对于华丽来说,真正的好文章这一点并不是必需,华丽只不过是我们卖弄写作的一个工具而已,我们不是用英语思考的人,在思维上这个是必然会输给外国母语的学生,所以,我们能够做的就是在思想上,再用词上,在句型上下功夫,对于思想上面,前面已经说了,要多练多思考,当我们把GRE里面的题目都想过一遍的时候,我们人生的很多问题,就已经解决了,(为什么还有一些呢?主要是因为GRE里面不能涉及敏感问题,但恰恰我们的世界包含了太多的这样的问题了)。所以,小弟今天谈谈自己对于遣词造句的一点点看法,句子间的连贯,我现在还没有资格去谈,因为自己写的时候也喜欢随心所欲的写。
首先说用词,我们都是考G的人了,但是很多从四六级上来的同学还是很喜欢用很多很多低级的词汇,我们从小学看图写话到中学写文章,无不运用着这些低级的词汇,很多的词汇我们都见过,但是从来没有出现在我们的文章里面,一说到’拥有’大家立刻想到的就是have, has偶尔有人想到own,但是表示拥有的词汇实在是太多了,还有许许多多的表示拥有的词汇,还带着感情色彩,boast红宝书的B里面,这个甚至不是GRE词汇,托福词汇都不算,顶多就是4,6级词汇,我们一直以为他的意思是“以什么为自豪”的意思,但是我们想想,以什么为自豪,不就是因为拥有了才自豪么?于是这就是have 的一个同义词,带着自豪的色彩,可以褒义用也可以贬义用,还有什么表示拥有呢?possess !或者be in possession of, 或者equip(更适合于表现抽象的东西,比如说什么品质之类的),从字面意思来说,很多的单词我们都不能够联系起来,但是当我们读到外国人写的东西的时候,却很容易理解,所以,更多的积累这样的词汇,对我们尽快突破,尽可能将自己的写作展示给ETS考官们是非常有帮助的,小弟在考AW的时候,一边写一边总结了一些词汇。希望对大家有帮助,让一些高级的词汇将我们初中小学就已经在用的词汇统统换掉。显示出自己的词汇量大之余,更好的变换词汇,让重复的词语不再出现在我们的文章中,更多的词汇可以让我们更好的表达我们的意思。
当然,我还有更加佩服的,很多鬼子写文章都会用到很多我们不认识的短语,这些短语才是真正的地道的英语,假如说大家能够对介词敏感,用上一些大词,一些精辟的短语,甚至一些有含义的俚语或者典故,这会对考官的视觉有深远的影响。还有就是,对于GRE考试的作文,多大的词汇,你都不需要害怕用,只要你拼写正确,对词的理解也正确就可以,传说愈敏鸿跟ETS打官司的文案中80%都是GRE词汇,ETS的人都需要查字典,但是,我们写的作文是在电脑上面的(他们也可以用金山么,嘿嘿),可惜我们可能连六级的词汇都不能随心所欲得用,所以,我鼓励大家在一般的词汇基础上面,写作的时候可以添加GRE,托福词汇,更有甚者可以添加一两个拉丁词汇,法文词汇,西班牙意大利词汇,不要担心考官看不懂,考官们能够进来ETS,一定是学语言的或者对于语言有深入地研究,这些人一定是学过外语的人,(只可惜中国人词汇进入欧美的大部分是一些物质上面的包括dim sum点心,cheong-sam旗袍(长衫),等等都是香港人为中文在英语国家作的贡献),当你熟练的运用的时候考官一定会对你佩服的五体投地,四脚朝天,心悦诚服。但是假如大家的词汇量还处在非常低级的水平(最好的测试方法就是你说出跟very同意的词有多少个,少于5个,你的写作词汇量都算低级或者亚低级),那么,用这些大词的时候就要小心,如果你连spirit都不会用,却突然冒出来一个zeitgeist,后面并且重复了5,6次的important都不会换,这样考官就一定会怀疑你是为了用这个词而用的。所以,要小心哦!
但是,我们不能够忽略,假如我们一旦不急得如何拼写这些单词的时候,我们切记一定要把这些单词删掉,也不要给别人看到错误,当然,假如你敢肯定的拼写在考官看来只不过笔误的话,那样,你就尽情得用吧。
我对于ETS一篇没有写完的范文的一点粗浅的看法
思想性方面有很多人也评论过了~我仅仅对于其中的词句有自己的一点点看法
"The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society."
6
For our grandparents it occurred注意:人家用的事occur而不是take place or happen through films and books. For the baby boomers婴儿潮~对于非美国人不熟悉其文化对于这个历史背景并不了解~但是~baby boomer其实替换了[B]our parents[/B] 避免和grandparents类似 it was a result of television and revolutionary并不直接说music而是加上了一个强烈的形容词~表示音乐对于人的影响是巨大的~为后问的观点作铺垫 music. No matter how the impact小词~出现并不是不好~但是人家后面就在很后面[B]再[/B] 用了一次 took place, it is clear that since its very advent很明显advent替换了beginning/start甚至连threshold都没有用~而是一个名词~可见作者对于用词是非常讲究的, the media have played a crucial同样~一个小小的形容词 role in not simply being representative of the values of our society but creating them as well.作者把not only but also的句型改变成为not simply but很明显为了区别这个短语
这一段中~作者引题用了两个for,for的对称的句子并且对于媒体并没有说出来~no matter一个很简单的让步~但是后面it is ...用了非常精当的"开始"的名词形式的同义变换advent,在play role短语后面连接了not only but also的改变的形式~组装出精炼的句子表达出自己的意见
During the roaring twenties Americans found themselves in a struggle这个词用得不错!表示了一种困境~但是如果作者运用比喻说: trapped in the abyss of struggling我觉得可能会更加好 between the old ways of their ancestors and the new ways of the future. The once steadfast看到了吧~作者不用firm而是用了steadfast beliefs that men and women should not touch while dancing, and that ladies should not drink or smoke were suddenly being challenged巧妙!befief用了一个同位语从句~两个句子连接在一起不单只不觉得累赘~而且非常通顺~显示了作者非常好的句子的多变~而且由于是belief作者后面用了challenged充分的为大环境作铺垫. From where was all this rebellion stemming?作者来了一个设问句~很多同学喜欢在开头的地方设问~restate~效果并不好~但是这里作者用了一个短句设问~用到了rebellian stemming的比喻!可以看到作者对于修辞也有非常地道的见解 Partly it was due to作者没有运用我讨厌的becasue of the returning一个名词形式作为修饰词 doughboys from the shores of Europe bringing home revolutionary ideas they had encountered while at war用到了一个俚语doughboys~而后面不直接说从欧洲的战场回来~而是用shores借代了诺曼底等等地方~用现在分词而不用which的定语从句~这点能够给我们很大的提示~我们很多同学喜欢定语从句~然后句子套句子~最终什么都说不清楚~而encounter更加替换了face面对~当然这里的revolutionary刚才已经用过!但是作者这里运用是为了回应刚才的ideas~解释了他的由来~用回revolutionary更好的标示出来是为了回应上文. Nonetheless很明显~没有用我们经常运用的however, returning soldiers could not be held responsible for the social upheaval非常贴切! that America experienced. There had to be another cause, and there was, the media.长短句的结合效果就是这么好!用逗号把media隔开~突出了媒体的重要性~本科学英语的兄弟姐妹大约也学过这种现象~就是为了强调突出~但是我们却很少能够运用 Although the films of the era era用得非常贴切~虽然这里也犯了重复小小毛病如果前面首段用epoch的话就相当好了were silent they spoke volumes to the society for which they were created. Women in these movies wore their hemlines a few inches shorter than the decade before them and they wore cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts整个句子都不是我们非英语国家同学所能够表达的!里面的用词hemilines/inches/cosmetics/accentruate/bobbed/haircuts都是我们学习的对象!但是不幸的是~我们即使学会用这些词汇~也写不出来这么自然的句子. The movies, as well as the books of that era, demonstrated作者替换了show/indicate等低级词汇 a new materialistic 甚至这里用了一个哲学词汇!弓虽!attitude that America had never before experienced. Films portrayed很明显的替换了decribe而且更加精当 every character as having the money to buy a new car, drink, smoke and partake in the leisures of life, a philosophy一个同位语漂亮! that was soon adopted看到了~人家不用choose by the youth of the decade. The use of the media in the twenties was to serve as a catalyst for the revolutionary ideas that were circulatingbe to/ serve as我想大家一定懂什么意思吧~但是很少自己用吧~serve as表达了根play ..role同样的效果~但是请看后面~catalyst更加显示出作者对于词汇的掌握更重要的是词汇对于观点表达的深刻认识~. The films and books of that era sped小词!这个就是native speaker和我们的区别~我们很少运用名词作动词用~这个就是需要积累归纳! America along its path小词! of change that eventually led to the greatest social unrest用得漂亮! that the United States had ever known.
Unlike the twenties, the sixties and seventies utalized看到了吧!替换了use这个低级词汇 the media in a way that appealed to吸引~替换了attract those searching for truth in a lost and confused world在world 前面加了lost and confused~非常好!但是其实还有更加好的~我个人认为complex and perplexed放在这里也不错~更加押韵~读起来更加美. Martin Luther King Jr. realized the impact of the media on society during his campaign for civil rights. King urged小词的功力 his followers to withstand any abuse that they might encounter because the media will take their peacefulness into the homes of their society很少同学能够举例子在两句话描写出例子对于自己文章有用的地方~这里peacefulness/abuse都用得很好~和可惜~encounter没有注意重复了!可以confront. By doing so, King sucessfully began to change the traditional view of race这句话不算美~但是很少人用by doing表达自己的观点~并且~运用了一个短句~和上面的长句相对应. Americans began to sympathizegreat! with the protesters because of前面用了due to这里替换了~虽然我也不太喜欢这个词但是后面的词用得很好! the undeserved turmoil这个用的好! they faced at the hands of the governmenthands of the government用了一个比喻的手法!. As a result,作者避免运用therefore/thus America relinquished 这个词用得棒!替换了give up等等the Jim Crow laws 这里体现了作者历史知识的深刻and saw many other groups press for their individual rights as well. Television cameras rolled as Cesar Chavez organized the migrant workers in California and as Bella Abzug and Gloria Steinham linked arms to protest the lack of women's rights.rolled用得好!而后面的比喻用得更好!里面的历史渊源更加使我们不可及!
While the media helped to shapeshape用的好! some attitudes about racism and gender it also helped to uncover the truth behind government lies. During the Nixon
很明显~本文甚至没有写完~但是内部各种因素已经让它具备了冠军相了!虽然有用词个别重复~但是~里面的用词是非常巧妙的~至于句型方面~长短结合~并且大家可以看看句子都不难~也没有用到什么倒转现象~但是~全文流畅~小词精当~这个就不是我们能够学得到了!作者里面运用的修辞最多是比喻~开头段进行了一个对称~也是不错的!~当然啦~如果再用上一些排比!押头尾韵!来一点抒情的句子~那么文章将更加漂亮
下面的是ETS对它的评论
评价
This is an outstanding response, even though it is not quite finished. The writer's views on the issue are so cogent, well articulated, and well developed that the writer was not penalized for failing to provide a conclusion. What matters is the quality of thinking and writing displayed, not whether an essay is totally finished or has a certain number of words.
这一段对作者的文笔评论的好The writer's skill is apparent in the opening lines. The first words, "For our grandparents it occurred," immediately spark the reader's interest. The quick repetition of sentence structure and, once again, the intentionally vague use of "it" ("For the baby boomers it was") effectively draw the reader in. By the third sentence, we know that this essay will address the complexity of the issue ("not simply being representative??? but creating them as well") and that the writer is fully in command of this discussion.
对于历史的深刻了解~这个是我们很难做到的The rest of the essay addresses the influence of historical events and media on the values of modern society, from the "roaring twenties" to the "sixties and seventies." Insightful analysis accompanies the historical references. For example, the writer persuasively argues that prominent figures (King, but also Chavez, Abzug, and Steinham) advanced their social agendas by capitalizing on the power of the media to change public opinion.
这里也是对于语法句法的评论Throughout the essay, the writer uses language and syntax effectively. Word choice is precise ("cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts"), sentences are structured to communicate ideas clearly ("There had to be another cause, and there was, the media"), and transitional phrases help move the argument forward ("Unlike the twenties, the sixties????" and "By doing so, King successfully began to change the traditional view of race.")
Occasional errors do appear (e.g., note the lack of logical comparison in "women??? wore their hemlines??? shorter than the decade before them"), but they are not intrusive.
Other 6 essays might be more fully developed; indeed, this essay would be stronger if the writer had gone on to discuss the media's role in Nixon's Watergate scandal and to bring the argument to its conclusion. However, even in its unfinished state, the essay does present an insightful, well-articulated discussion of the issue.
且不说思想~好的语言~到位的词汇~丰富的句型和用词的变幻~精辟的修辞~加上对历史的深刻掌握~
----这就是一篇另类的没有写完的但是却能够拿到六分的文章
当然~用argument思维考虑~这得不到结论~
但是~这难道不提示我们对于文笔的重要性么?
[ 本帖最后由 iq28 于 2007-10-5 02:05 编辑 ] |
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