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Issue30 先看看提纲吧~~如果大家没时间拍 逻辑清楚吗?
------摘要------
B1 the primary goal--welfare of human. case by case
B2 in efficiency-target societies, efficiency should be regarded no more than an approach or a short-sighted goal
B3 in non-efficiency-target societies, they have the capability to direct achieve the final goal, so no need to emphasize on efficiency
B4 in efficiency-promotion nations,leisure time is a luxury.
------题目------
30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
------正文------
I am afraid I can not agree with the speaker's assertion. Since the primary goal of technological advancement is not restrained as efficiency increase but the well-being of human, the main actor and manipulator of technological advancement. As for leisure time, quite to the contrary, it is indeed the sacrifice of efficiency and technology rather than a consequential boon.
Technological advancement can be regarded as the masterpiece of human-beings generation after generation. As to its goal, a common ground rests on human's well-being, whether physically or mentally. For example, medicine industry contributes to people's health; nuclear research facilitates people increasingly energy demands for better life; high tech weapon is critical for security of human-being; computer graphic ensures special effect in film to please viewers. In order to achieve the final goal, approaches diversify with difference between societies, nations and individuals.
Efficiency increasing is no more than an effective approach for most countries with limited resources to reach their ultimate goal for human's satisfaction. It means administrators and individuals have to take measures to utilize resources efficiently for survival under pressure of demands. Hence, realization of people's well-being calls for efficiency increasing by technological advancement. For instance, pipeline system in factory promoting working amount with less time and human force consuming is doomed to increase efficiency and make profit in the fiercely competitive society. It is welcomed by Britain, US, China... for its profit and productivity accumulation by high efficiency can meet citizens' needs. A conclusion is that the efficiency increase can be considered as a necessary way to attain the final goal among societies to maintain balance between nation's capability of working force and citizen's requirements and ultimately achieve the well-being of human.
While other societies without so conspicuous contradiction may be of two conditions: nations with abundance or small amount of citizens' demands. As to these countries, efficiency and profit-target have been de-emphasized, since the ultimate goal can be attained directly without the middle-stage goal of high efficiency and productivity. We can look no further than Scandinavia countries. Low life pace beyond imagination it is, people enjoy the life without pressure. Since the property owing per person have already meet people's material and immaterial needs, who cares the efficiency still? Although the productivity is not as high as US, Japan, people's value system and well-being current situation determine their easy-to-satisfy ideology and relatively leisure life style. The balance keeps its inertia; therefore efficiency seems to be of a redundancy. The technology advancement serves directly to people's enjoyment of life, such as art and design assisted by technology. Their cutting-edge technology on cultural heritage and cultural protection are of little relationship with efficiency.
Ironically, the speaker optimistically supposed leisure time as the cause-and-effect result of efficiency increasing. In fact, in efficiency-promotion nations,leisure time is a luxury. As long as their increasingly demands of material call for, productivity increasing will not stop. Firstly, even though more materials are provided, demands increasing of enterprise will not lag behind but run forward. The introduction of pipeline increased efficiency, while it meant to make more products with the same, if not more, working-hour. As to the unlimited demand of enterprise, leisure time of both employer and employee is merely a dream. Secondly, uncertainty about future forces individuals to earn money without hesitating. The problems of security for seniors and high expenditure of education for the successive generation urge them to work and make money for reassuring their uncertainty. Thirdly, working hard at the expense of leisure time seems to be a custom and root deeply in people's value system for the atmosphere and influence in some societies. Quite ordinary it is to sleep 4 hours for employees in ShenZhen, China, for its adoration of less leisure time to some degree apart from the pressure.
In sum, efficiency should be regarded no more than an approach or a short-sighted goal for accomplishing the primary goal--welfare of human. During the ever-pursuing process, leisure time, an inaccessible illusion, can not be expected to induce by efficiency and technological advancement. |
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