第四次模考（98.11 讨论贴） [复制链接]

zehua
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发表于 2005-10-19 18:28:27 |显示全部楼层

V 730 Q 750
section1 填空1，类比0，反以2，阅读3
section2 填空0，类比0，反以1，阅读2

Q感觉奇怪啊！我觉得象是答案错了！:L
讨论下吧：
反义：
38. DEFINITIVE:
(A) prosaic
(B) convoluted
(C) unusual
(D) provisional
(E) vast
答案D。我选E。

阅读：这套阅读太难！:L

When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and so forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact, rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the fourteenth-century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who conclude from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics.
In this connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call “pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artists, who use it as we use all language—without needing to know its grammar and semantics.
17. The author of the passage explicitly disagrees with which of the following statements’
(A) In modern society even nonartists can master techniques that great artists of the fourteenth century did not employ.
(B) The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art.
(C) In modern society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics.
(D) The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.
(E) Modern painters do not frequently make use of illusionist tricks in their work.
这个题怎么会是B呢？文章说现在连业余人都用大量的技术了，所以我选的E。
前面也提到represent a three-dimensional object 属于技术性质啊！

20. The author’s statement regarding how artists use the language of art (lines 48-52) implies that
(A) artists are better equipped than are art historians to provide detailed evaluations of other artists’ work
(B) many artists have an unusually quick, intuitive understanding of language
(C) artists can produce works of art even if they cannot analyze their methods of doing so
(D) artists of the past, such as Giotto, were better educated about artistic issues than were artists of the author’s time
(E) most artists probably consider the processes involved in their work to be closely akin to those involved in writing poetry
答案是A。怎么分析？

23. It can be inferred from the passage that someone who wanted to analyze the “grammar and semantics” (line 52) of the language of art would most appropriately comment on which of the following?
(A) The relationship between the drawings in a comic strip and the accompanying text
(B) The amount of detail that can be included in a tiny illustration on a postage stamp
(C) The sociological implications of the images chosen to advertise a particular product
(D) The degree to which various colors used in different versions of the same poster would attract the attention of passersby
(E) The particular juxtaposition of shapes in an illustration that makes one shape look as though it were behind another
我觉得是A。语法分析主要是分析句子里成分之间的关系么。
答案是E

In prehistoric times brachiopods were one of the most abundant and diverse forms of life on Earth: more than 30,000 species of this clamlike creature have been cataloged from fossil records. Today brachiopods are not as numerous, and existing species are not well studied, partly because neither the animal’s fleshy inner tissue nor its shell has any commercial value. Moreover, in contrast to the greater diversity of the extinct species, the approximately 300 known surviving species are relatively uniform in appearance. Many zoologists have interpreted this as a sign that the animal has been unable to compete successfully with other marine organisms in the evolutionary struggle.
Several things, however, suggest that the conventional view needs revising. For example, the genus Lingula has an unbroken fossil record extending over more than half a billion years to the present. Thus, if longevity is any measure, brachiopods are the most successful organisms extant. Further, recent studies suggest that diversity among species is a less important measure of evolutionary success than is the ability to withstand environmental change, such as when a layer of clay replaces sand on the ocean bottom. The relatively greater uniformity among the existing brachiopod species may offer greater protection from environmental change and hence may reflect highly successful adaptive behavior.
The adaptive advantages of uniformity for brachiopods can be seen by considering specialization, a process that occurs as a result of prolonged colonization of a uniform substrate. Those that can survive on many surfaces are called generalists, while those that can survive on a limited range of substrates are called specialists. One specialist species, for example, has valves weighted at the base, a characteristic that assures that the organism is properly positioned for feeding in mud and similar substrates; other species secrete glue allowing them to survive on the face of underwater cliffs. The fossil record demonstrates that most brachiopod lineages have followed a trend toward increased specialization. However, during periods of environmental instability, when a particular substrate to which a specialist species has adapted is no longer available, the species quickly dies out. Generalists, on the other hand, are not dependent on a particular substrate, and are thus less vulnerable to environmental change. One study of the fossil record revealed a mass extinction of brachiopods following a change in sedimentation from chalk to clay. Of the 35 brachiopod species found in the chalk, only 6 survived in the clay, all of them generalists.
As long as enough generalist species are maintained, and studies of arctic and subarctic seas suggest that generalists are often dominant members of the marine communities there, it seems unlikely that the phylum is close to extinction.
21. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) rejecting an earlier explanation for the longevity of certain brachiopod species
(B) reevaluating the implications of uniformity among existing brachiopod species
(C) describing the varieties of environmental change to which brachiopods are vulnerable
(D) reconciling opposing explanations for brachiopods’ lack of evolutionary success
(E) elaborating the mechanisms responsible for the tendency among brachiopod species toward specialization
在B和D之间犹豫了半天还是错了！:@
为啥是B呢？

27. Information in the passage supports which of the following statements about brachiopods?
I. Few brachiopods living in prehistoric times were specialists.
II. A tendency toward specialization, though typical, is not inevitable.
III. Specialist species dominate in all but arctic and subarctic waters.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) II and III only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II and III
感觉是A啊！文章说随着时间的推移，越来越多的种向specialist进化，说明远古specialist少啊！:confused:
II为啥是对的？

数学：
SECTION 5
The square is inscribed in the circle.
0 < p < 1
4. The greatest value of
p(1-p)

这个题明显是B么！p(1-p)最大只有1/4

For the line with equation y = ax + b, ab  0,
the x-intercept is twice the y intercept.
15. The slope of the line

这个slope是-1/2么！我选B

25. If the total number of commuters to County W is twice the number to County Z, and if the average number of vehicles that transport commuters daily to County W is 30,000, what is the approximate average number of vehicles that transport commuters daily to County Z?
(A) 12,000
(B) 15,000
(C) 18,000
(D) 27,000
(E) 36,000
这个怎么会是A？

我的算法是W=2Z, 1.2W=30000, 求1.5Z

[ Last edited by zehua on 2005-10-19 at 18:34 ]

第四次模考（98.11 讨论贴） [复制链接]

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