- 最后登录
- 2017-8-1
- 在线时间
- 810 小时
- 寄托币
- 53107
- 声望
- 55
- 注册时间
- 2004-11-27
- 阅读权限
- 175
- 帖子
- 252
- 精华
- 30
- 积分
- 2014
- UID
- 187661
   
- 声望
- 55
- 寄托币
- 53107
- 注册时间
- 2004-11-27
- 精华
- 30
- 帖子
- 252
|
发表于 2006-6-15 10:37:22
|显示全部楼层
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL (USA)
http://www.unc.edu/
The University of North Carolina was anticipated by a section of the first state constitution drawn up in 1776 directing the establishing of "one or more universities" in which "all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted." State support, it directed, should be provided so that instruction might be available "at low prices." The American Revolution intervened and it was not until 1789, the year that George Washington became president of the new nation, that the University was chartered by the General Assembly.
Despite constitutional instructions to the contrary, no state appropriations were made, and the trustees were left to secure land and money themselves. On October 12, 1793, the cornerstone was laid for a brick building on a hilltop near the center of the state amidst the colorful fall foliage of dogwood, oak, and tulip trees.
The site, lying at the crossing of north-south and east-west roads, was marked only by a small Anglican chapel that soon shared part of its name -- New Hope Chapel Hill -- with the community that developed there. Legislator and trustee William R. Davie, who had been instrumental in securing passage of the charter, took the lead in organizing the University. Davie presided over the Masonic ritual of the laying of the cornerstone. In time he came to be called "the Father of the University." Many years later a large poplar or tulip tree, first mentioned in 1818 and still standing near the center of the old campus, was called Davie Poplar in his honor.
The first building and, indeed, the only building for two years, was a two-story brick structure that came to be called Old East. It is now a National Historic Landmark, the oldest state university building in America. Opened to students on January 15, 1795, The University of North Carolina received its first student, Hinton James of New Hanover County, on February 12. By March there were two professors and forty-one students present.
The second state university did not begin classes until 1801 when a few students from nearby academies assembled under a large tree at Athens, Georgia, for instruction. By then four classes had already been graduated at Chapel Hill and there were to be three more before the first diplomas were issued in Georgia. The next building on the Carolina campus was Person Hall, begun in 1796 and long used as the chapel. The cornerstone of Main or South Building was laid in 1798. All three are older than any other American state university building.
During the early nineteenth century the trustees began a period of strong support in the development of the young University. Even though their proclaimed initial goal for the University had been to provide trained leadership for the state, the curriculum followed the customary classical trend. In 1815, however, the natural sciences were given equal place, and in the 1820s Professors Denison Olmstead and Elisha Mitchell prepared the nation's first geological survey. In 1831 the first astronomical observatory at a state university was built under the direction of President Joseph Caldwell. Student enrollment increased steadily, and by 1860 only Yale College had more students.
Young men from many states came to Chapel Hill for their education, particularly those from families who had recently left North Carolina to settle elsewhere in the South. The University of North Carolina provided governors not only for North Carolina but also for many other states; countless professions and occupations were represented, including cabinet members, clergymen, diplomats, engineers, geologists, judges, legislators, surveyors, teachers, and a president and a vice president of the United States among others.
The Civil War was responsible for the closing of many colleges and universities, but the University was one of the few Southern institutions to remain open throughout the war. During Reconstruction, however, it was closed from 1870 until 1875; buildings had deteriorated, equipment had disappeared during the federal occupation of the campus, and politicians attempted to direct the course of the University by naming professors, trustees, and other officers.
With a change in the political leadership of the state, however, the University reopened under new trustees who soon began to inaugurate programs that once again marked it as a leading university. A program of graduate study for advanced degrees was announced in 1876. The first university Summer School for teachers anywhere in America opened in Chapel Hill in 1877, and two years later medical and pharmaceutical courses were established as regular offerings.
Heretofore the University had survived on student fees, gifts, escheats, and other minor sources of income. All of the buildings on the campus had been erected through the generosity of alumni and other benefactors. In 1881, however, after nearly a century of precarious existence, the University received the first legislative appropriation for its support.
Although many teachers in the academies and common schools of the state were trained at the University, it was not until 1885 that a teacher training program became an established part of the curriculum. In 1894 the law school was incorporated into the course of study offered by the University, and in 1897 the first woman student was admitted. By the end of the century there were 512 students enrolled with a faculty of thirty-five. By the Commencement of 1900 thirty-one master's degrees and seven doctoral degrees had been awarded the first of each in 1883.
An outstanding example of the new research role of the University occurred in 1892. William Rand Kenan Jr., working in the University laboratory of Professor Francis P. Venable, participated in experiments that resulted in the identification of calcium carbide and the development of a formula for making acetylene gas. With the beginning of the twentieth century the University entered a period of renewed growth and service. In 1904 the first chapter of
Phi Beta Kappa in North Carolina was established at the University. In 1913 the offerings in the field of education were reorganized as the School of Education, while the Bureau of Extension was created to make the University's resources more widely available to people across the state. Special notice was taken in 1915 when student enrollment for the first time reached one thousand. It was in 1915 that alumnus Isaac E. Emerson gave the University a stadium for the athletic field. In 1927 William Rand Kenan Jr. donated the football stadium.
The endowed Kenan professorships fund, established in 1917, provided further incentive for excellence in teaching and research. In 1919 the School of Commerce, now the Kenan-Flagler Business School, was established. The School of Public Welfare began in 1920 as an outgrowth of the Department of Sociology. Thirty years later its name was changed to School of Social Work. In 1922 the University was elected to membership in the Association of American Universities. The UNC Press also was incorporated that year, while two years later the Institute for Research in Social Science was organized. By 1930 there were 2,600 students at the University and a faculty of 222 full- and 85 part-time members. Teaching, study, and research took place at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels in twelve colleges and schools and in twenty-one departments.
The General Assembly in 1931 consolidated the University with the Woman's College at Greensboro and North Carolina State College at Raleigh under a single Board of Trustees. As an economy measure during the Depression and as a means of eliminating duplication, the trustees allocated each unit specific roles in higher education for the state. The offices of the Consolidated University were established on the Chapel Hill campus and University President Frank Porter Graham became the Consolidated University's first president.
The period of the Depression in the 1930s saw a great deal of new construction on the campus as federal funds became available to create jobs for the unemployed. New dormitories, classroom buildings, a gymnasium, and other buildings and improvements were built in part from this source. World War II also resulted in some new construction and alterations on campus as the University's facilities were used to train military personnel.
In 1931 the School of Library Science was established and the Institute of Government founded. The latter, first of its kind in the nation, became an official part of the University in 1942. In 1936 the School of Public Health was formed. A Naval ROTC unit was created in 1940 and joined by the Air Force ROTC unit in 1947.
The Division of Health Affairs was formally organized in 1949, with schools of Dentistry and Nursing added to the schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health. The University thereby became one of the few in the nation with schools in the five health professions. The opening of North Carolina Memorial Hospital in 1952 provided clinical facilities for the schools.
The Morehead Building and Planetarium were completed in 1949, and in the next year the School of Journalism was organized, although courses in journalism had been offered for many years. In 1990 the School became the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. The William Hayes Ackland Art Museum was completed in 1958 and in the following year the University became one of the first to install a large computer system.
As the twentieth century neared its end, the campus became the scene of further changes. The Walter Royal Davis Library was dedicated in 1985 and soon afterwards the renovated L. R. Wilson Library was opened to house the Special Collections. Other new building projects include the Smith Center for athletic and cultural events, the Kenan Center, Fetzer Gymnasium, Carmichael Residence Hall, and new facilities for the departments of Art, Chemistry, and Computer Science. In the medical complex, Memorial Hospital's Critical Care Center, the Lineberger Cancer Research Building, the Public Health and Environmental Sciences Building, and a new building for the Department of Family Medicine were completed.
The period between 1990 and 1995 included the completion of structures such as the Ambulatory Care Facility, Cone-Kenfield Tennis Center, Craige Parking Deck, Fordham Hall (Biology/Biotechnology), George Watts Hill Alumni Center, McGavran-Greenberg (Public Health and Environmental Sciences Center), Student Recreation Center, Thurston-Bowles Building, and William and Ida Friday Continuing Education Center.
By 1995 the campus was the site of nearly 250 permanent buildings in addition to temporary structures, trailers, and leased property. There were 23,108 students enrolled in spring semester 1995 and 2,200 full-time faculty members. The Alumni Association counted more than 202,598 living alumni. Since it opened in 1795, the University has trained more than 780,000 men and women exclusive of those who attended Summer School or special courses.
The University has been recognized for the quality of its graduate programs in every national survey conducted in the past third of this century. U.S. News and World Report's survey of American colleges and universities consistently ranks the University among the best colleges in the nation and among the top research universities.
These accolades reflect the quality of the curriculum and of the faculty, whose research orientation allows them to share with their students not only the thrill of discovery, but also the latest advancements and new knowledge. Another asset that contributes to this reputation is UNC-Chapel Hill's superb library system containing more than four million volumes. It is ranked among the top research libraries in the United States and Canada by the Association of Research Libraries.
Now in its third century, UNC belongs to the select group of American and Canadian campuses forming the Association of American Universities. UNC's academic offerings span more than 100 fields, including bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees as well as professional degrees in dentistry, medicine, pharmacy and law. Five health schools — which, with UNC Hospitals, comprise one of the nation's most complete academic medical centers — are integrated with liberal arts, basic sciences and high-tech academic programs. |
|