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题号        频率
57          27
180        27
109        28
142        28
190        28

57.The following appeared in a newsletter on nutrition and health.

"Although the multimineral Zorba pill was designed as a simple dietary supplement, a study of first-time ulcer patients who took Zorba suggests that Zorba actually helps prevent ulcers. The study showed that only 25 percent of those ulcer patients who took Zorba under a doctor's direction developed new ulcers, compared to a 75 percent recurrence rate among ulcer patients who did not take Zorba. Clearly, then, Zorba will be highly effective in preventing recurrent ulcers and if health experts inform the general public of this fact, many first-time ulcers can be prevented as well."

尽管含多种矿物质的Zorba药片被设计成用作单纯的营养补充药，对于使用了Zorba的溃疡初患者的研究发现Zorba可以帮助预防溃疡。研究表明在医生的指导下服用Zorba的患者中只有25%得了新的溃疡，相比之下，那些没有服用Zorba的溃疡患者的复发率为75％。显然，Zorba在预防溃疡复发方面有很积极的效果，如果健康专家把这一事实公诸于众，很多初次发生的溃疡也同样可以得到预防。
1.selective sample
2. other factors may result in the effect.
3. false comparsion, only 25 percent developed new ulcers bears no relationship with that 75 percent recurrence.
4. no evidence to prove its effect to first-time ulcers.

180.The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.

"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee-a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."

很多其他公司最近指出他们的员工参加了Easy Read的速读课程之后生产效率显著提高。这个课程的一名毕业生能够在两个小时之内读完长达500页的报告，另一名毕业生在一年内从助理经理上升到了副总裁。显然，你的阅读速度越快，在一天之内所能吸收的信息就越多。而且，Easy Read的学费只有每人500元，当考虑到它给Acme带来的效益的时候这就是个小数目。这个费用包括在Spruce City举行的为期三周的研讨会和Easy Read新闻刊物的终生赠阅。显然，Acme通过要求所有员工参加Easy Read的课程将会极大地受益。

1. No evidence to show that it is the Easy Read course that results in the aftermath that One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours and another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year.
2. the credibility of the conclusion that the faster you read, the more information you absorb
3. The feasibility to require all the employees to take the course.
4. it’s useful for our company?

109.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Maple City newspaper.

"Twenty years ago Pine City established strict laws designed to limit the number of new buildings that could be constructed in the city. Since that time the average housing prices in Pine City have increased considerably. Chestnut City, which is about the same size as Pine City, has over the past twenty years experienced an increase in average housing prices similar to Pine City, but Chestnut City never established any laws that limit new building construction. So it is clear that laws limiting new construction have no effect on average housing prices. So if Maple City were to establish strict laws that limit new building construction, these laws will have no effect on average housing prices."

20年前Pine City建立了严格的法令来限制该市未来建造的高层建筑的数量。从那以后Pine City的平均房价显著上涨。和Pine City差不多同等规模的Chestnut City在过去20年中经历了和Pine City类似的房价上涨，但Chestnut City从未建立任何限制高层建筑的法令。因此限制高层的法令对于平均房价没有影响。所以如果Maple City建立限制新的高层建筑的法令的话，这种法令不会影响平均房价
1. Are the two cities of P and C comparative in location, economy, resident habits.
2. Other factors may result in the housing prices.
3. M may also have different condition from the two cities.
142.The article entitled 'Eating Iron' in last month's issue of Eating for Health reported that a recent study found a correlation between high levels of iron in the diet and an increased risk of heart disease. Further, it is well established that there is a link between large amounts of red meat in the diet and heart disease, and red meat is high in iron. On the basis of the study and the well-established link between red meat and heart disease, we can conclude that the correlation between high iron levels and heart disease, then, is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease.

上一期的《健康饮食》杂志上刊登的题为《食铁》的文章报导说最近一项研究发现饮食中铁的含量过高与心脏病发病率增加有关联。而且，我们已经知道饮食中大量的牛羊肉和心脏病是有联系的，牛羊肉中铁的含量很高。基于以上研究和牛羊肉与心脏病之间的已知联系，我们可以得出结论，高铁含量与心脏病之间的关联最有可能是牛羊肉与心脏病之间关联的作用。

1. The credibility of recent study
2. no evidence to show which relationship between red meat and heart disease. Even there are, no evidence to prove that eating red meat can cause that high rate of icon would be absorbed.
3. other ingredients in red meat may bear correlation with heart disease rather than icon, since there are many kinds of icon.


190.The following is a letter to the editor of the Glenville Gazette, a local newspaper.

"Over the past few years, the number of people who have purchased advance tickets for the Glenville Summer Concert series has declined, indicating lack of community support. Although the weather has been unpredictable in the past few years, this cannot be the reason for the decline in advance ticket purchases, because many people attended the concerts even in bad weather. Clearly, then, the reason for the decline is the choice of music, so the organizers of the concert should feature more modern music in the future and should be sure to include music composed by Richerts, whose recordings Glenville residents purchase more often than any other contemporary recordings. This strategy will undoubtedly increase advance ticket purchases and will increase attendance at the concerts."

过去几年中，购买了Glenville夏季音乐会的预售票的人数减少了，表明它缺乏社会支持。尽管过去几年的天气确实有些变化无常，但这并不是预售票销售减少的原因，因为很多人即使在坏天气下仍然参加音乐会。显然，销量下降的原因是音乐的选择，因此音乐会的组织者应该在未来提供更多的现代音乐，并保证演奏更多的Richerts作曲的作品，Glenville的居购买他的唱片的数量显著多于其他的当代音乐唱片。这一策略无疑将会增加预售票的销量并增加音乐会的上座率。
1.the number of advance tickets may not indicate lack of community
2.provide no enough evidence to prove that it’s was not weather reason
3.no evidence to show modern music are popular among citizens.
4.Richerts’ recordings may not fit for concert to play.

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