Argument165 239 [大杀四方Princa作业贴] [第三回][提纲]

princaUID: 2263271

TOPIC: ARGUMENT165 - The following appeared in a business magazine.

"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."
WORDS: 37          TIME: 肉肉&猪猪 0:48:15          DATE: 2007-1-14

由于大部分消费者抱怨头晕恶心, Promofood去年召回了8百万瓶金枪鱼罐头用于检测. Promofoods声称他们的罐头并没有导致健康危害的化学物质. 这个论据基于来自Promofoods的化学家们对召回的罐头做的抽样调查结果, 在8种极为容易引起头晕恶心症状的化学物质中, 有五种都没有在罐头中找到. 化学家也的确发现其余三种化学物质在其他罐头食品中发现.

Outline:
1. 召回的八百万瓶和已售出的百分比不知晓. 也许八百万里没有危害物质其他的有.
2. 化学家是来自Promofoods的, 他们对于抽样检测的数量, 方法, 合理性并没有公开. not reliable.
3. 就算抽样检测比较容易接受. 那么八种中的五种都没有在罐头中找到, 也不能说明其罐头就没有危害. entirely possible that 比如此罐头配合其他饮料一起食用便会出现化学反映从而导致危害化学物质的出现.
4. 就即使以上都假设都成立, 那么剩下的三种化学物质在其他罐头中也有找到, 并不意味着说在Promofoods罐头里的含量就很少甚至说没有, 而且it's entirely possible that mix with Promofoods'产品可能会导致更糟糕的结果.



TOPIC: ARGUMENT239 - The following appeared as an editorial in the local newspaper of Dalton.

"When the neighboring town of Williamsville adopted a curfew four months ago that made it illegal for persons under the age of 18 to loiter or idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth crime in Williamsville dropped by 27 percent during curfew hours. In Williamsville's town square, the area where its citizens were once most outraged at the high crime rate, not a single crime has been reported since the curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help reduce its own rising crime rate, the town of Dalton should adopt the same kind of curfew. A curfew that keeps young people at home late at night will surely control juvenile delinquency and protect minors from becoming victims of crime."
WORDS: 14          TIME: 肉肉&猪猪 1:16:33          DATE: 2007-1-14

当临近的城市Williamsville在四个月前开始施行宵禁后, 也就是18岁以下的未成年人在晚18点后不得在公共场所闲逛或徘徊,否则触犯法律, 这一举措使得Williamsville的年轻犯罪率在宵禁时间内下降了27%. 在Williamsville的城市广场上, 这里曾经是人们由于高犯罪率最讨厌的地方, 现在自从宵禁开始实施以来, 没有报道出一例犯罪. 所以,为了降低Dalton的犯罪率, Dalton也应该采取同样的宵禁. 宵禁可以让年青人夜晚呆在家里, 从而控制青年犯罪, 也可以同时保护那些未成年人免受犯罪侵扰.

Outline:
1. Perceptibly that宵禁是针对18岁以下的未成年人的, 27%的young crimes下降率不能代表overall crimes没有升高. 而且宵禁未必是造成young crimes下降的直接因素. 对于Dalton城市来说, 为了降低overall crimes而采取宵禁是盲目的.
2. Williamsville广场上的高犯罪率令人讨厌, 所有居民可能已经不再去那里了, 而不是因为宵禁使得那里的犯罪率降低了. 没有报道过一例, 并不能说明就没有发生过犯罪行为.
3. Dalton如果采取宵禁, 就能控制年青人的犯罪率? 还有如何定义juvenile delinquency, how to protect minors form becoming victims of crime?