[天下无G]第二次作业 issue提纲，请拍，谢谢！

future_2_1UID: 2249808

116. "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society-including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences-will benefit greatly from international influences."
随着全球网络在经济和通讯等领域中的发展，毫无疑问，社会的各个领域--包括教育、政治、艺术和科学--都会从国际影响中获益匪浅。
观点：部分同意
The globalization of economic and communication networks will no doubt have an impact on the four aspect listed above, however, the nature of influence is a mixed one –beneficial in some aspects and detrimental in others.
1、随着信息经济全球化，在教育领域可以促进交流：如国际访问学者，国际交流学生International Exchanges Student。Distance learning ，instant communication  can share the opinions as soon as possible[ Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one]. MIT公共课。 但是，不良文化更容易传播。也更容易抛弃传统文化。
2、 科技方面，更多国际化合作。如计算机2000年问题Y2K problem is a global one demanding extensive international exchanges and cooperation among various countries。国际基因计划。
3、政治方面。外交上可以用instant communication 。人们现在可以通过邮件，聊天室直接和各个国家的不同人聊天，了解其他国家的政治情况和环境。但是，可能导致潜在的民主进步，有可能导致政府将这看作对政权的潜在威胁。Render security system vulnerable.  巴以问题。
4、在艺术方面，虽然艺术家能开阔视野，有更多灵感。促进艺术richer. 但是，容易导致失去民族特性identity，使艺术全球一体化，如法国政府只允许一小部分语言用英语播出。

11、“ All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the progress of solving the world’s most persistent social problems.”
所有的国家都应该支持发展一所全球性的大学，它的主要目的是要让学生们致力于解决世界上最难缠的社会问题。
同意：
提纲：1、目前世界上有很多问题仍未得到解决。虽然各国问题各不相同，但都有共同点，有的问题根源还是一样的，有的问题涉及到多个国家。需要利用各国资源共同解决。跨国人口贩卖。亚洲金融风暴, illicit manufacture of and trafficking in firearms.非法枪支贩卖
2、很多问题各个国家看法不同，产生矛盾，全球性大学提供了各国的社会问题情况，提供了各国对某个社会问题不同的案例解决，能让不同文化，不同价值观的学生多方面的角度想问题。进步可以由有不同观点的人讨论产生。如文化冲突，发达国家和发展中国家的经济贸易争端，巴以冲突等
3、全球性大学潜在风险，应注意问题1避免大国的影响，2避免种族歧视，学生平等学习。

17、"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
提纲：
一旦一个社会决定用法律来统治社会govern 、有责任服从法律。如果法律是公正的，就应该遵守，如果法律是不公正的，应该抵制以维护权益
1、首先必须颁布法律，、法律是有强制性的体系，法律的制定基于大多数人的利益，一方面可以用来维护社会次序，交通法规。另一方面通过约束他人来维护自己利益。为公民提供行为处事的准则。如果没有法律，无政府状态就会最终导致社会的瓦解。
2、对于大多数的法律来说，都是将社会群体的价值观念，道德标准和信仰变质成典，一般来说是以正义和公平为基础的。只要法律平等的对待每一个人，公民都应该责无旁贷的遵守。正义的法律，作为文明社会不可或缺一部分，必须得到遵从。
3、进而言之，同样重要的事，对于不公正的法律抵制以维护权益。法律是在公平公正的基础上产生的，但不意味着就没有缺陷。不公正和不合情理的法律会引起社会群体轻视法律。或许在法律制定的时候，政府官员没有考虑到法律会对社会中的不同人产生不同影响。
4、不同的文化，宗教信仰，价值观和利益，对法律公正，不公正的理解会有不同。如死刑。举例：如死刑DEATH PENALTY ，安乐死，eathanasia, 法律是用来解决纠纷的，解决利益之间的冲突，而不同的利益群体必然对法律的公正性会产生不同理解。

178. "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."   
通过法律可以控制或者限制人们的行为，但是立法是无法改变人类本性的。法律无法改变人的感情和思想。
同意：三个论断
1、To begin with, laws are used to govern society and control the behavior of every member. To be more civilized, a society must employ/enact the legal system to maintain social stability. 正面：Singapore。 Without the laws, it will result in anarchy and ultimately cause the destruction of the society.
2、However, laws can not reform human nature. 战争人类本性。法律不能改变。Human nature is a mix one kind in some respects yet evil in others.
3、Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.；depend on education to cultivate people’s hearts and minds。反面：坏的法律不能够限制人们对于真理的追求。如：Copernicus, Bruno

174. "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
法律不应该是僵化或固定的，而应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。
同意：
The laws is enacted as a guideline for general population,. The laws should be written down as rules of laws in order to maintain the stability of the legal system.
a\  laws enable people to know how they are expected to behave and what types of action would violate the laws.
b\ Frequent changes, would make for an unworkable legal system. Without written and fixed laws, the ignorance of laws would be an excuse.
In reality, under certain situation, the law is adaptable and flexible.  The people who enforce the law should have a certain mount discretion. : police : give an arrest or a verbal warning ,prosecutor: prosecute the offense or dismiss the charges:

法律和道德：180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."现代社会的许多问题是法律和司法系统不能解决的，因为道德行为是无法用法律约束的。
1、法律已经解决了社会上的很多问题
A、法律为人们提供了一套行为准则。对犯罪行为作了定义。如商业犯罪等.
B、Without the laws, it will result in anarchy and ultimately cause the destruction of the society.
2、确实还有很多问题法律没有解决，涉及到道德上的。如abortion. Cheating.   
3、社会问题需要法律和道德结合解决。

103. "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives." (参考54T&120T)
只有研究和我们日常生活相关的历史才有价值。
不赞同 历史对现在有借鉴意义。
1、we can learn a proper way from the successful experience in human history, Business leader get more inspiration from “The Art of war”, medicine:抗生素.
2、Mistakes made by our ancestor can teach us how to avoid these mistakes. Social problem . criminalization of drug use, criminal justice, and equal rights under the law
3、The allegation is specious , the value of the study of history is far beyond its effect on daily life. At the nation level, only seek into history can we learn how events cone into being.如：苏联解体，冷战后的世界格局。德国注重从二战中吸取教训。Environment .the experience of avoid pollution

74. "The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language." 比较 issue 7  
和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。
1、Admittedly, for the purpose of giving a vivid and easier understood expression, the image is much more superior than the language.  For instance: explain the spatial or temporal event,   
2、On the other hand, the image is of little use when it comes to explain complex and profound statement, abstract or summarization of idea.
3、The best way to express the ideas or value to other is to combine the use of image and language, rules or regulations.

109. "The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves." 现实和表象，很多广告的目的是要消费者去购买一件产品以使得消费者们像广告中的人物。这类的广告很有效因为它不仅是在销售产品更是在帮助人们自我感觉更好。

1、Admittedly, these advertisement can help to increase sales by make people believe that they will ‘be like the person’ with the products.
2、However, buying the products can not contribute to more confidence. After a ephemeral self-satisfaction, a disappointment can be felt that the purchase is not like the advertisement portrayed.

161. "In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
在今天这个媒体铺天盖地的社会中，人们已经很难把任何人当作英雄了。任何人只要是沦为媒体的话题，那么他注定会名声扫地。

1、The motivation of scrutiny of heroic public figures that serves to diminish their reputation of media is to meet the need of public and seeking the profits.
政治丑闻
The collapse of Enron is the biggest crash in corporate history.
2、Majority of People rely on mainstream media with out critical thinking. The reputation of their hero can be easily diminished by the impress the media give them.

26. "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served." (参考54T&120T&103T)
部分同意，考虑情况Which interest should take precedence should be determined on a case-by-case basis-account for practical and historic considerations but also aesthetic ones年久失修has fallen into disrepair
1、Although the historic buildings are of no practical use in modern days, they are the witness of the times.故宫：Summer Palace；
2、the aesthetic and architectural value of the history building itself should be also consider. //凯旋门（法国）：triumphal arch；英国伦敦议会大厦顶的大钟：Big Ben
3、Some modern developer oppose the preservation of historic buildings in order to meet the needs of utilitarian and seek for the maximize profits.  This interest clamoring after the short-term gains can not be encouraged
4 、However, some old buildings, which is of little historic value，can be used for modern purpose.  
147. "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them." 传统和现代化是水火不容的。人们必须二者选一。
不同意The author overstate the contradiction of Tradition and modernization
1、To some extent, modernization are developed from the tradition. For instance, the laws,
Languages, even people's living habit //电影。内容是过去的，手法是现代的。//monet;Beethoven.  //the Tibetan language develops in tandem, with its vocabulary and grammar continuously enriched.
2、When modernization conflict with Tradition ,We should take a case-by-case basis-account for practical and historic considerations to determine which one should be adopted. // old music,数字音乐。CD.  In certain instances, tradition must yield entirely to the utilitarian needs of modern life. modern creation is more effective and convenient.
3、Tradition must be preserved in modern society, it is the witness of times.

[ 本帖最后由 future_2_1 于 2007-1-26 10:05 编辑 ]