[天下无G]第三次作业提纲

kitty_yyUID: 2292666

138 （47）
"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
Agree
3.       The success usually comes after many misteakes. It is hard to attain successes directly at the first time.  个人经历，社会发展，是探索的过程
4.       Mistakes can urge people to seek new means or conclude in a diffierent way. Then it is next step to success.
e.g.  Edison, Waston and Crick (double helix), revolution, correcting the mistake of the society
5.       It is difficult to success with the fear to making mistakes.
e.g.  Gauss,
4.  The way to survive mistakes is learning and adjusting constantly. Acting reckless will lead to endless mistakes.

159        (59)
"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
Disagree
1.        Concede that machines are the tools which is of great use nowadays.
e.g. Computers, cars…
2.        Machines can’t think by themselves except for doing what the programme order. The so-called intelligence is only embodiment of the designer’ s talent.
e.g. intelligent mobile telephone can only do as the programme asks and have more memory to take record of the things newly encountered.
3.        However, it is in doing complicated counting and calculating and other rote tasks that machines superior to us human. More efficient
e.g. ratio of circumference of a circle to the diameter, assembly line work

127      (50)
"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."
Agree
1.        The history can not be changed while uncovering new details can only affect on people’s opinion but not the facts.
e.g.
2.        The scientific facts are stable since the material is objective whether people have conluded them or not. And the antifical ‘facts’ will be unmask one day.
e.g. the structure of body exists long before the beginning of anatomy and can not be changed by human wishs. The fake fossil of antient human beings.
3.        Although people can create lots of things have not existed before, it bases on the objective laws of the nature.
e.g. law of genetics – clone and crossbread
   Perpetual motion mechines

157（51）
"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
Disagree
1.   In our daily lives, the value and judgement of the same case may vary from one person to another. It is greatly affected by the position and experience before.
2.   In the arts, the masterpieces come mostly from the disigners' inspiration which is purely the products of subjection. The value and understanding of this artistic works is not consistent.
     Mona Lisa's smile
     Picasso's pictures
3.   On the other hand, in science there are many objuections which are truely reports of the world.
The subjective parts will always be changed by furture observe and experiments.
     Tycho observed the stars all his life. Although he had not built a complete system of the universe, Kaipule, who laid a foundation to the Astronmy refered to the records from Tycho.
     the experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa tells people the law of  motivation, although most of people who affected by Aristotle's theory didn't excepted like that before.
4.   It is impossible to order a person's observation completely objective for human is full of emotions. However, one had better observe the circumtance as objective as possible and use experiments to assist to check.

70  (69)
"In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
Partly agree
1.  In case of government and politics, it is a good way to avoid corruption and promote inovation.
Absolute power leads to absolute corruption (Sir. Action)
Saddam
2.  In business, inovation is a good accession to success which always come with new leaders or bosses.
例子
3.  However, extremely sequencial changes may cause problems such as lacking long-term plan and chasing for personal interest.
4. In other area such as education, it is unnecessary or even harmful to change leaders, for the education claims consistent idea and system. Interuption may cause chaos.

144 （152）
"It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."
Disagree
1.  The inspiration of artists is the headstream of the arts which is priceless to the whole world.
masterpieces in Musee du Louver  such as Mona Lisa and Venus de Milo
2.  It is critics who invite most of the people to the value of the arts.
Good critics can unearth the meaning of the works which is difficult for the common people to discover. Although the opinion of the critics are diffierent in many points, it is helpful to understand and develop our own opinion.
3.  The evaluation of the art works can help the artists find the point to improve.

218  (42)
"In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
Disagree
1.  one of the reasons of many art works being highly valued is that they can be understand and loved by most people quickly.
e.g. the novel of Mark Twain, some films such as The Lion King
2.  History is repleted with examples of priceless masterpieces can not be accepted by people for a long time.
e.g.Von Gogh, Picasso   
3.  At the same time, not all the popular things have merit. Such as soap opera, pop songs

48  (133)
"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
Agree
1.  Cencede that some groups of people contributes much to the histroy.
     e.g.  The American founders , the army, great wall, -- leaders
2.  Without the individuals, it is impossible for the groups to success by themselves. It is the individuals who shape the history  using their intelligence and talent.
      e.g.  Lincon , Chairman Mao, Gandi, Martin Luther King,
3.  Many great historic events are almost done by a few individuals, particulally in science sphere.
     e.g.   Curey, Einstein, Mendel,  
4.   The difficulty of getting details of the historic events force we to study history from individuals, from whom we can know the origin of the events.

54  (47)
"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
Disagree
1.  Concede that the world is different from that before in many ascepts. Such as economy, science...
2.  However, we can learn from history of the experiences of the human which can help us to analize and avoid mistakes.
     war, strategy, use of poison...
3.  Some historic events can inspire people to attain success.
     scientists, American indipendent war.
4.  It is by recognizing the history that we can view the world in historic perspective.