Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

abstinentUID：137004

晕，这个太难了；听了N遍只了解个大概意思；很多细节怎么听都不懂；
太多生词，生短语，变音；

It's no secret there's an obesity epidemic going on. Many researchers blame highly processed carbhydrics （carbohydrate）such as hifoo discoinser （high-fructose corn syrup）and white flour. Now scientists at the University of Wisconsin of Medicine （in Madison）have started to tease out role of the liver and （in）converting those calories which （rich）foods into fat. The researchers isolated the （a）gene and （in the）liver called SED-1. The gene calls friend （codes for an）enzyme that sythesizes fatty acids. Mice with the normal gene were fat and died high and processed carbs （fed a diet high in processed carbs）. The mice converted those carbs into fat and store that fat in the body. But mice that lacked the SED-1 genes just burned all those carb calories and stayed skinny. The finding reveals the liver determines whether or not eating raw or fine （refined）carbhydrics will lead to fat gain. The researches say this system is a good example of a drug to diet gene and drewaction （a direct diet-gene interaction）. But they also say that a drug to turn off that fat making liver  gene wouldn't be a good idea. Without that gene, the mice could no longer make gluecose, they ended up hyplergsimic （hypoglycemic）suffering from low burcherger（blood sugar）. So the solution is sadly what you already knew: eat fewer processed carbhydrics.

carbohydrate --- 碳水化合物
frutose --- 果糖
corn syrup --- 玉米糖浆
the gene codes for an enzyme
hypoglycemic --- 血糖过低的；
tease out --- to obtain by or as if by disentangling or freeing with a pointed instrument

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-6 21:16 编辑 ]

yzykgUID：2333367

http://www.60secondscience.com/archive/science-podcast/

abstinentUID：137004

Depending on where you live you may still have a few  tenacious leaves hanging on to their trees, and these days you are likely to have more of these tenacious leaves .  Measure means （Measurement）in Europe have revealed that the color change and falling of  the leaves have moved back about one and a half days per decade for the past 30 years. Sping has also sprang （sprung）forward and that’s clearly linked to global warming. But new research suggests that the delayed falls are mostly due the direct affects （effects）of increased carbondioxide. Researchers from the University of South Unton and UK raised poplers （poplars）in today CO2 levels and in levels predicted for 2050.  They found the 2050-trees used the extra CO2 to make compounds that kept their leaves alive and green longer. Their  findings appear in Global Change Biology. This could be good and bad. The trees will be more productive but they might not have prepared as well for winter. Either way this findings means that increasing carbondioxide can affect trees both indirectly through global warming and directly as a chemical compound.

spring -- sprang --- sprung
carbon dioxide --- CO2
Measurement （发音）
poplar --- 白杨

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-7 21:00 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

Heavens for dead heads. Cosmologists have named a new theoretical object after the grateful dead classic ---a dark star. It's the first step （stab）at understanding how dark matter might've affected the early stars. No one knows what the dark matter is composed of, so the scientists decided to go with the candidate called nutralino （neutralino）. They think the nutralino interactions inside the first stars what if capched （would have kept）them bloated, big enough to engulf today's solar systems. Since the stars couldn't collapse, they won’t have enated （ignited）fusion, and that's the whole point of a normal star. Dark stars will still mainly be made of conventional matter though, and will give off heat but no visible light. If this paper in the Physical Review Letters is right, it would add a whole new face to the evolution of stars. Dark stars might still be run （around）today, or they might've collapsed to become regular stars or black holes. Like the dad (dead )said, dark star crashes, burning （pouring）its lights into ashes.

deadhead
bloat
kept them bloated --- （怎么听都有个ch 的音）
neutralino
stab ---- 1 a sudden sharp feeling
              2 a strong blow with a knife or other sharp pointed instrument
              3 informal words for any attempt or effort

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-10 10:19 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

Hey did you realize or bow? （about ）Three weeks from news resolutions. So  in anticipation, let's talk about motivation and persuasion. Okay, this year, what's （it）gonna take to finally get us to the gym? A recent study from university of Bathe revealed some useful tactics. This is those who are mostly motivated to sweater（sweat） it out on the steermaster （stairmaster）also have the most fear of not looking good.And those who are already in pretty good shape are actually the least motivated to drop the burger and pick up the medicine ball. Professor Bread Martin says that how people see themselves in the future has a really strong affect on how motivated they are to keep using the service or even a product. They surveyed 281 subjects and found that those who have a negative view of bodies were most persuaded by fear messaging, like if you wanna fit into those jeans, better get those exercise （thigh）on a treadmill. But those who have a positive view of their bodies were the most persuaded by encouraging messaging, like "Wow, you do a great dam of （downward）dog". Here's the classic theory behind persuasive messaging: fear works with those on the sidelines, and a cheer leader motivates those are already in the game.

sweat --- 出汗
sweat it out --- 苦熬；忍受下去；坚持到底；
stairmaster ---  （好像是一种健身产品，类似跑步机；还是个注册商标）
thigh --- 大腿
treadmill ---  跑步机
downward dog --- （好像是一种瑜伽yoga的动作）
what's it gonna take to finally get us to the gym?

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-11 12:43 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

Scientists hope to build nano-scale robots to deliver medicine to specific sites in our bodies. But supplying energy to the nanobots so that they can carry out these tasks is one of the stumbling blocks of developing the technology. So researchers have turned to sperm. Tiny sperms need plenty of energy to swim their way to the target. Alex Travis at Cornell University is trying to take advantage of what sperms do naturally for use （in）nanobots. Sperms have two methods of creating energy. They may xx and （Their mitochondria ）generate chemical energy but they can also break down glucose. That process requires ten enzymes that attach to a sheet （sheath）running down the sperm's tail. Travis and his team are trying to recreate thas enzymatic process. They are developing enzymes that bind to nickle-ends （nickel ions）on a chip instead of to sperm. So far they've managed to attach three of the ten enzymes necessary and they've shown that the chip enzymes can act seriously （in a series）. If they can attach all ten, the nanobots could potentially use glucose and （in）blood to swim their way to disease （diseased）cells.

mitochondria  --- 线粒体
for use in sth.
sheath --- 剑鞘；叶鞘；
nikel --- 镍
ion --- 离子；
diseased cells
act in a series --- 连续反应；

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-12 09:09 编辑 ]

baodaweistarUID：2280479

请问楼上 你的答案是怎么改的 有录音稿吗

abstinentUID：137004

原帖由 abstinent 于 2007-12-12 09:00 发表
Scientists hope to build nano-scale robots to deliver medicine to specific sites in our bodies. But supplying energy to the nanobots so that they can carry out these tasks is one of the stumbling ...

官方网页上有录音稿

abstinentUID：137004

It’s an approach to pest control that’s so crazy, it just might work. Convince the femals that they’re virgins. It’ll be useless as human birth control of course, but the difference is that most femal insects completely change their behavior after sex. For example, some mosquitoes suck blood, others lose interest in males and start laying eggs. What’s behind this dramatic change of behavior? Turns out that it’s a peptide in the male’s seminal fluid. And now researchers in Vietnam （Vienna） have found the female’s receptor for this peptide. They report online and (in) Nature that fruit-flies without the receptor lay many fewer eggs and continue to be interested in sex., in other words, they act “like a virgin”. So back to pest control, most female insect should have this sort of receptor, including the kinds that spread disease and devastate crops. If we could deactivate it on a large scale instead of fighting egg-laying blood suckers, we could live in peace with born-again virgins. “Touch for the very first time”.

Mosquito
Vienna --- 维也纳
born-again virgin
receptor
peptide --- 肽

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-12 23:37 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

这篇难啊；听了一个小时；汗！
Imagine an armadino （armadillo）? Now imagine one weighing in the (at) 200-pounds.  The fossil scull （skeleton）of an extinct ancestor of today’s armadino was recently found in the mountains of northern Chily (Chile). The find represents a new species called paraproperlie harpterforests subterntrealas （Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionali）.  And it is described in the latest issue of the journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.  This beast and its cousins are known as glipterdance（glyptodonts）.  Wearing a coat of bony （boney）plates, they dieted on （dined on）grass and plants. They mostly lumbered around South America, but did reach the southern US. Other related species could weigh a ton --- think of a four-legged hummer.  The 200-pound subterntrealas is a bonzie （bonsai）version compared to the really big boys.  The find shows that the now high-altitude regions of northern Chily were once low-lying grassland.  Glipterdance became extinct around ten thousands years ago, the exact reason is uncertain but may be because gassue （guess who）arrived. Yes when modern （原稿是human, 我觉得有误）hunters came on the scene, it might be （might have been）the end of the glipterdance. They certainly didn’t share the fate of the many modern armadinos --- road kill.

armadillo --- 犰狳;burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates;
                    像虾一样有角质鳞片的哺乳动物；horny plates, spine, scale
weigh in at ...
glyptodont --- [古生]雕齿兽
boney --- bony  多骨的；瘦骨嶙峋的
bonsai --- 盆栽
may be because 不是 maybe because
guest who arrived （连读音）
dine on --- feed on
dine --- 用正餐


[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-13 20:12 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

At least a million people die of malaria every year. And one problemwith treating the disease may be treating the disease. The currentdosages of drugs used to fight malaria may sometimes make the problemworse by allowing the malaria causing (malaria-causing,做形容词)parasites to become drug-resistant faster. That’s what evolutionarybiologists said recently in the Proceedings of the National Acadmy ofSciences. Various strenths （strains）ofmalaria parasites compete with each other in an infected patient., soparasites that are easier to kill actually help keep down thepopulations of hardier parasites. But big dose of drugs wipes out theweak players leaving the field open to the resistant bugs. Working withthe infected mice, the researchers found that more drugs and longertreatments tended to actually worsenthe situation. Current public health policies try to kill every lastparasite. But if the condition in people acts like it acts （has）inmice, a better idea may be to try to use the amount of medicine that’llkeep the person healthy, but will also let the parasites continue to duke it out with each other.

duke it out --- 【idiom】to compete against someone or something
strain --- (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups 血统
malaria-causing parasites

想起了前几天的 sweat it out on a treadmill

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-14 10:14 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

Health news lately has had one clear recommendation --- eat more foods high in (omega)olmega-3 fatty acids.  And the olmega oil feeding frenzy has driven up the demand for salmon, much of which comes from fish farms. But in the study in the December 14th issue of the journal Science, researchers say these farms could drive  wild salmon populations to extinction. The problem is a parasite called sea lice. They latch onto the salmon skin in the open ocean, and they also threat （thrive in）our fish farms. Adult salmon can stand to have some lice, but the parasites kill off vulnerable juveniles. Usually little ones swimming in the river aren’t exposed to sea lice. But in Britich Cloumbia, the plethora of fish farms near river means that wild juveniles are catching sea lice and dying off  at alarming rates. Scientists say within another four years, just two salmon generations, wild salmon populations could collapse  by 99%. They suggest two options, either put farmed fish in fully enclosed pens instead of the open nets that’s （--）currently used, or move the farms away from rivers. Otherwise wild salmons face an extreme （upstream）battle for survival.

latch onto --- 1. fasten with a latch n. 门闩 v. 上闩
thrive in
upstream battle for survival
lice n. (pl. of louse)虱子
omega-3

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-18 00:04 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

有两句听不出来，唉……

It’s that time of the year when many of us ponder deep questions, like what’ve I done with my life? Where’am I going? And why are pigmies so small? Well you’re on your own with the first two questions, but researchers at the University of Cambridge may be able to help with the third.  They published their conclusions in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Acadamy of  Sciences. For years, scientists have theorized the definitive （diminutive）stature of pigmies, populations with （where）men never topped （top）five feet.  The current theories hold that pigmies have evolved to be short in response to a scarcity of nutrients. Or, maybe, get this, because (Jesus’ll make your way through dumb forests) （it's eaiser to make your way through dense forests）, if you’re not so tall.  But somehow these theories never quite fit.  The Masine, canine-orso-faced fat men （Masai, in kenya also face famine）, and they are among the tallest people on the planet. As reducking （ducking）under branches, not all pigmies live in the woods. What the Cambridge researchers find is that pigmies are pigmies because they live fast and die young.  And adolescent  years that are usually spent  growing taller are instead used to have babies, usually by the age of 15.  So the research confirms what we always knew: pigmies lead short lives.

Masai 马塞族人
Men never top five feet
Famine （发音[fæmən]）
Pigmy
Make one’s through dense forests
Adolescent
ducking under branches ？？？ 什么意思？


[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-18 11:08 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

Last time you thought about mud might have been when you were making pies out of it. But scientists just cleared some muddy ideas. It might have been thought that mud forms only in still water, but researchers writing in the December 14th issue of the journal Science report  that muds still can occur when the water is moving.  To sift out the conclusion, the scientists got down and dirty.  They built a flum（flume）, a channel for moving water, and they suspended fine clay particles in the liquid. Mud of course formed when the water was not moving, but when they motorized pettle（a motorized paddle） , created a current, mud also formed.  Cleaning up misconceptions about mud is interesting on its own, but the researchers say that the findings should also help engineers who have to maitain harbors, shipping lanes, and canals, because they now have the real dirt on the conditions that lead to mud. And since the mud is big part of  the geological record,  we may have to reexamine ideas about the conditions that existed millions of years ago, and let to the rough （led to the rock）formations refined （we find）today.

flume --- 水道
lane --- 小路,小巷,行车道
paddle --- 划桨

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-19 08:45 编辑 ]

abstinentUID：137004

唉，这一篇拖了太长时间，一直不想写，因为听了N遍，都听不全，很多单词都不懂；
只听了个大概意思，就是“在紧急危机时刻人们通常感到时间被延长，但是实际上没有；只不过是跟更多的记忆有关”

When a car gets out on black ice, or when the tifiny vaze and free fall to marble floor, or when you watch the north teragraph and flames, you know, time appears to go in slow motion. But whitswhere our brains percieve time differently during crisis, but is it true?  Scientists at the Balor College of Medicine say no, perception remains the same whether or not you by the fire side of being attacked by a bison.  There are twenty volunteers free fall, a hundred and fifty feet into a net. And to test individual distortion caused by slowed perception of terrifying fall, researchers strapped  kilometers onto the subjects’ wrist that flash number too fast to read.  They theorized that if  we actually see more due to slow time in a less xxx disaster , then subjects should be real to read the numbers.  But last, they could not. During frightening even, they mate of a kicks end, and lathe down next sector of memories. The more memory you have on an even, the longer you believe it tuks.  So while we’re back to life, the time appears to expand in our immediate experience of scary event. Really  we’re being tricked the immediate memory of that event. Wow, that’s pretty trippy

唉，这篇就不改了，直接贴原文，错的太多了；惨不忍睹

====================================================================
原文：
When a car skids on black ice, or when the Tiffany vase is in free fallto the marble floor, or when you watch the north tower go up inflames...time appears to go in slow motion.

We’d swear our brains perceive time differently during crisis, but is it true?

Scientists at the Baylor College of Medicine say no… perception remainsthe same, whether we’re lounging by the fireside or being attacked by abison.

They had 20 volunteers free fall 150 feet into a net.

To test for visual distortion caused by slowed perception of aterrifying fall, researchers strapped chronometers onto subjects’wrists and flashed numbers too fast to read.

They theorized, that if we actually see more, due to slowed time, inthe midst of disaster, then subjects should be able to read thenumbers.  But alas they could not.

During a frightening event the amygdala kicks in, and it lays down anextra set of memories. The more memory you have of an event, the longeryou believe it took.

So while we’d bet our life that time appears to expand in our immediateexperience of a scary event – really we’re being tricked by theimmediate memory of that event.

Wow, pretty trippy

[ 本帖最后由 abstinent 于 2007-12-20 09:34 编辑 ]