Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

woodmanUID: 161906

ruowoUID: 2310104

大赞这个帖子。自己听不懂的就过来看原文。
想问问woodman和大家，你们听的时候是一直放着不暂停的听么?
我感觉这样根本没有办法记啊，听和写好像不能同时阿。
大概要听多少遍才能全部记录下来啊？

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

June 21, 2007: 60-Second Science
Ancient Ancestor Of Humans, Dogs, Cats, Llamas, Sloths, Marmots...

The little guy lived more than 70 million years ago in what’s now the Gobi desert. In 1997 his remains were discovered by fossil hunters. And in a paper published in the new issue of the journal Nature, researchers announced that they think he is a member of the kind of mammal that is the ancestor of us all. And I do mean all, all placental mammals—you, me, fido, felix, manatees, elephants, every placental mammal now living on earth. The tiny ancient shrew-like mammal is called Maelestes gobiensis. Researchers analyzed over 400 anatomical features of 69 species of living and other fossil mammals along with the recent discovery. The genealogical tree they drew puts our common ancestor right about the same time that the dinosaurs began to dwindle due to a giant impact event some 65 million years ago. So the little shrew offers confirming evidence that the disappearance of the dinosaur lines that didn’t go on to become birds was what allowed mammals to evolve into the multiple forms that we see today and to take advantage of all the opportunities that the dinosaurs left behind.

[ 本帖最后由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-6-22 05:12 编辑 ]

finalmanUID: 2275821

on zhenzhen_163

The little guy lived more than 13 million years ago in what's now the Gobi dessert. In 1997, his (remnants) were discovered by fossil hunters. Ant in a paper published in the new issue of journal Nature. Researchers announce that they think he is a member of kind of mammal that is the ancestor of overs all. And I do mean all; all placental mammals: you, me, feddle, filix, mellatis, elephants, every placental mammals now living on earth. The tiny ancient shrew-like mammal is called Malestic Gobi ancestor. Researchers have analyzed over 400 hundred features of 69 species living in other fossil mammals along with the recent discovery. The genealogical tree they drew puts our common ancestor right about the same time that the dinosaurs became to dwindle due to a giant impact event some 65 million years ago. So, the little shrew offers a confirming evidence that the disappearance of dinosaur lines that didn't go on to become birds was that mammals to evolve into the multiple forms we see today and to take advantage of all the opportunities that the dinosaurs left behind.

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

:)

看了很多朋友认为这个网站的听力材料太难的帖子，让我说几句话。希望这些朋友不要气馁，习惯了难的东西，考托时就会驾轻就熟了。

1．首先得说这些材料很好，属于托福材料的范围。和托福一样，都是学术性文字。（英美还有很多其它的类似网站，也都很好，有些甚至提供文本。）

2．比托福难，语速比托福的快很多。主要是播音员只有一分钟的时间把话说完，他得着急说。托福的语速则较慢。

3．比托福难，文本短的听起来比文本长的难。托福的文本较长，材料里一般提到一个概念后，会进一步阐述，较容易听得懂。

4．比托福难，它有些地方需要用美国文化背景知识去理解，好在托福很少考这类东西。为了让美国人听起来不觉得乏味，他们加了不少时髦的语言，或是idiomatic uses.

举些例子：

6/21     fido 狗的代称；felix 猫的代称
6/19     So inflammation is good, except when it’s bad.  坏的时候就不是一般的坏（见#606解释）
6/14     You need to catch Z's, to catch bad guys. 这句话利用两个 to catch 来达到俏皮有趣的目的。Z's 是漫画里常见的代表睡觉的zzzzzz（可以看到这是好几个Z，换言之，Z's）。举个有关睡觉的时髦说法的例子：I stayed up all night last night, I’m so tired now I need to go catch some Z's. 注意：字母 Z 美国人读zee，不读zed。

[ 本帖最后由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-6-22 05:11 编辑 ]

woodmanUID: 161906

谢谢啊，你在美国吗？这么了解这些背景，呵呵，比我们要强了n个等级:loveliness:

woodmanUID: 161906

6月21日
在zhenzhen_163基础上的小修改
The little guy lived more than 70 millionyears ago in what’s now the Gobi desert. In1997 his remains(谢谢kelediguo) were discovered by fossil hunters. And in a paperpublished in the new issue of the journal Nature, researchers announced thatthey think he is a member of the kind of mammal that is the ancestor of us all.And I do mean all, all placental mammals—you, me, fido, felids,(谢谢finalman的纠错，终于解决这两词了。学习你一丝不苟的精神，赞！) manatees, elephants, every placental mammal now living on earth.The tiny ancient shrew-like mammal is called Maelestes gobiensis. Researchersanalyzed over 400 anatomical features of 69 species of living and other fossilmammals along with the recent discovery. The genealogical tree they drew putsour common ancestor right about the same time that the dinosaurs began todwindle due to a giant impact event(赞一下，我听了好几遍才听出来) some 65 million years ago. So the little shrew offers confirmingevidence that the disappearance of the dinosaur lines that didn’t go on tobecome birds was what allowed mammals to evolve into the multiple forms that(delete)we see today and to(delete) take advantage of all the opportunities that thedinosaurs left behind.
听得真好，呵呵，接近完美了，学习~ 本以为只有我这种菜菜的人才有必要听抄，没有料到这么高水平的人也在听抄，看样子zhenzhen_163是精益求精之人啊，pfpf

[ 本帖最后由 woodman 于 2007-6-21 23:26 编辑 ]

woodmanUID: 161906

xixihehe0167，forerunner，kelediguo，kevinliu6883，linkunkun7，H-Kevin，zhangliang_171，shooting85，finalman...... 我们都要向zhenzhen_163学习，呵呵，坚持听抄到完美境界。不仅仅要听出来，还要尽量熟悉一些背景，我想对我们都会有很大帮助的。大家一起努力哦，非常感谢大家对这个帖子的支持，当初发起这个帖子的时候心里迷茫得很，不知道自己能坚持多久，现在看到越来越多的人参与，呵呵，觉得学习到了很多。大家继续坚持，加油哦！:loveliness::loveliness::loveliness::handshake:handshake:handshake

[ 本帖最后由 woodman 于 2007-6-21 17:22 编辑 ]

socoldUID: 2282669

楼主还是很厉害啊，我也在itunes上定了，但是碰到一下没听出主题内容的段子，就比较晕。弄写这么多出来已经很不错了。ibt的听力应该不在话下了。

forerunnerUID: 2234967

我也不确定:) :) :)
wound  [[wound]:funk:
round [raund]:funk:

分不清啊:funk:

forerunnerUID: 2234967

The tPA is apparently keeps clots from forming,                                           sparing the cells.
阻止clots形成,                                                                                          spare 不伤害 cells

Merriam-Webster dictionary
spare..................................  to refrain from doing harm:)

achillisharryUID: 2277269

forerunnerUID: 2234967

Arterial Plaque

Atherosclerosis,or the narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of plaque along theinner lining, is the single most lethal condition in the United States.The plaques consist principally of fat and cholesterol deposits butalso contain blood platelets, decomposing muscle cells, and othertissue. Since plaques usually reduce blood flow in major arteries,their presence represents a serious health risk, leading to heartdisease, stroke, and the disruption of kidney and intestinal function.Poor circulation, also a result of plaque buildup, impairs movement ofthe limbs. Fragments of the plaques may break off and travel throughthe bloodstream to obstruct smaller vessels. The plaques unfortunatelybecome larger and more numerous with age, especially in people withhigh levels of cholesterol in their diet and bloodstream.

forerunnerUID: 2234967

The fossil of a small, shrew-like mammal, found in the Gobi desert 10 years ago, is a member of the taxonomic group that gave rise to all modern placental mammals. Steve Mirsky reports.


The little guy lived more than 70 million yearsago in what’s now the Gobi desert. In1997 his remnants were discovered by fossil hunters. And in apaper published in the new issue of the journal Nature, researchers announcedthat they think he is a member of the kind of mammal that is the ancestor of usall. And I do mean all, all placental mammals—you, me, fidel,felix,manatees, elephants, everyplacental mammal now living on earth. The tiny ancient shrew-like mammal iscalled Maelestes gobiensis. Researchers analyzed over 400 anatomical featuresof 69 species of living and other fossil mammals along with the recentdiscovery. The genealogical tree they drew puts our common ancestor right aboutthe same time that the dinosaurs began to dwindle due to a giant impact eventsome 65 million years ago. So the little shrewoffers confirming evidence that the disappearance of the dinosaur lines thatdidn’t go on to become birds was what allowed mammals to evolve into themultiple forms we see today and take advantage of all the opportunities thatthe dinosaurs left behind.




to zhenzhen and woodman  pfpfpfpfpfpfpfpfpfpfpf.........................:):handshake

woodmanUID: 161906

1.关于placental mammals的共同祖先
Two Carnegie scientists report discovery of human ancestor
One of mankind's earliest ancestors was a 5-inch-long, shrew-like creature that survived on insects and was fodder for dinosaurs, according to two scientists at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
Zhe-Xi Luo and John Wible are part of a team of American and Chinese researchers that have identified a fossil of the earliest-known placental mammal, called the eomaia scansoria. Eomaia is Greek for "ancient mother," and scansoria is Latin for "climber."
The scientists described their find in today's edition of the scientific journal Nature. The unusually well-preserved fossil is about 125 million years old and was discovered two years ago in northeastern China's Liaoning province. That region has yielded the fossils of birds, feathered dinosaurs and early mammals.
The fossil was found by a resident of the area and turned over to the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, which shared it with Luo and Wible. They said the eomaia fossil (pronounced "ay-oh-my-a") will provide scientists with important clues about the evolution of placental mammals, which is the largest group of mammals and includes humans.
"One of the things that we're concerned with doing is building genealogies. We want to put together family trees for living animals. … This is a wonderful piece of evidence," said Wible, the associate curator of the Oakland museum's mammal section.
The eomaia fossil is about 15 million years older than the next oldest-known placental mammal, said Luo, the associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Carnegie. The eomaia also is significant because it is has almost all of its bones in place. Many fossils consist only of a few teeth and bones, Wible and Luo said, leaving scientists to speculate about its size, eating habits and habitat.
Luo said the eomaia was furry, lived in lakeside bushes and climbed trees. Among the traits that identify the eomaia as placental — which it shares with humans--are three molars on each of its jaws, and a jawbone that forms a right angle just below the ear, Wible said.
The fetuses of placental mammals are nourished and protected in their mother's uterus until fully developed. That has given placental mammals an evolutionary edge over other species and accounts for their great diversity, Luo said. About 5,000 species of placental mammals currently exist, including apes, cats, dogs, rats and whales.
"Now we are getting to the very root of all mammalian groups. It helps to illustrate the earlier history of our evolution," Luo said.
The first mammals appeared about 170 million to 225 million years ago, and the modern group of mammals appeared on the evolutionary stage about 65 million years ago, after the extinction of the dinosaurs, according to Wible and Luo.
Wible said the eomaia was likely a "transitional" species, meaning it possessed traits of modern placental mammals and the mammals from which it evolved. In this case, the eomaia has pelvic bones characteristic of marsupials.
Modern marsupials include kangaroos and opossums. Scientists believe marsupials and placentals share a common ancestor, and the eomaia, sharing characteristics of both, may provide evidence of that, Wible said.
"It's extremely exciting, and for me, my life could not be brighter for this discovery, and I'm very happy we got to be a part of it," Luo said.
The research of the eomaia is funded by the Carnegie, the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Natural Science Foundation of China and Ministry of Land Resources of China.

2. 关于placental mammals
placental mammals（有胎盘哺乳动物）即真兽类哺乳动物，是哺乳动物中十分重要的类群，现代的有胎盘哺乳动物是真兽类哺乳动物类群中的一部分，是当今世界上繁荣兴旺，数量最多的哺乳动物，广为人们所熟悉的有：猿、猴、老鼠、兔子、大象、虎、熊猫、海豚和鲸等，包括人在内的灵长类动物也是有胎盘类哺乳动物。
哺乳类动物的分类 ：
原兽类 特徵 卵生,卵有壳. (例:鸭咀兽)
后兽类 特徵 不具真正的胎盘,幼儿在育儿袋中发. (例:袋鼠)
真兽类 特徵 有胎盘,胎儿发育完善后才产出,占哺乳类的绝大部份.并分为以下十四个类别：
食虫类(例:鼹鼠)    鳞甲类(例:穿山甲)    翼手类(例:蝙蝠)    兔形类(例:兔)
啮齿类(例:鼠,箭猪)   贫齿类(例:食蚁兽)   食肉类(例:狮,犬,熊猫)   
鳍足类(例:海狮,海豹,海象)   海牛类(例:海牛)   鲸类 (例:海豚,鲸)  长鼻类(例:象)
奇蹄类(例:斑马,犀牛)   偶蹄类(例:河马,牛,猪,鹿,骆驼)   灵长类(例:猩猩,猴,人)

[ 本帖最后由 woodman 于 2007-6-21 18:18 编辑 ]