Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

dcbUID: 2232749

原帖由 xbx_lee 于 2007-7-4 14:00 发表
花了4个小时把前面的帖子都补了一遍，一下子找到那么多志同道合的人真是太好了。贴别感谢zhenzhen帮我找到了听力的真谛。要想一遍听懂，大量的词汇、短语储备是必须的。而这些储备的来源就是平时大量的阅读啊。 ...

刚刚上来看到xbx_lee说的，再去听了一下果然和之前听得不同，好仔细啊！
看看会不会是这个
...can have the side effect to be actuallly making ...

zhangjie_0202UID: 2356463

加油

ccyungUID: 2324823

楼主加油，稍后偶也加入

haieryuUID: 2291571

060703
There are hot peppers like the jalapenos and there are incendiary peppers like the legendary habanero. Now there is a new variety of thermal nuclear habanero known as the Tiger paw NR habanero. The name comes from its appearance-- the bright orange peppers emboss a tiger's paw, and NR stands for Nematode-Resistant, the pepper was bred by US department of Agriculture Scientists to be resistant to Nematodes-roundworms that attack the plants roots. The pepper was break conventionally not genetic engineered and it does away with the need to use the soil fumigants methanol bromide which has been phased out. So how hot is the Tiger Pool habanero, pepper hotness measured on something called the Scovil heat scale, a habanero comes into about 5,000 on the Scovil scale, a regular habanero usually scores at least 100,000. And the Tiger pool habanero tops the Scovil scale at almost 350,000. In fact, that is a legend that eating habanero peppers can have the side effects ? actually making you death but only so that you can not hear your own screams.

sherry1225UID: 2192554

只听一遍就可以记下这么多吗
汗||||||

ernest81888UID: 2247639

准备参加

sherry1225UID: 2192554

偶真得很想知道lz听几遍

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

别汗，请参考839楼。:)

rtwei2002UID: 2355857

楼主很强啊

sherry1225UID: 2192554

ok i've got it

wizjoUID: 2175360

July 05, 2007: 60-Second Science
Ancient Alaskan Wolves Not Ancestors of Today's

Wolves have roamed the wild of Alaska for thousands of years, right? Well, yes and no. Because a team of scientists has just found that the ancient group of wolves of Alaska went distinct about 12,000 years ago. And the wolves in Alaska today are not their descendents, they're a unique sub-species. The report appeared in the journal Current Biology. Scientists analyzed DNA samples and did carbon dating of ancient grave wolf remains stored at the Smithsonian Institution. They did similar investigations of modern Alaskan wolves and found that the ancient remains were genetically distinct. The ancient wolves lived in Alaska continuously from at least 45,000 years ago till they went extinct 12,000 years ago. They competed for food with lions, saber-toothed cats and gigantic bears. The extinct groups were about the same size as today's but they had much larger teeth and jaw muscles that can kill large bison. Many mammels became extinct about the same time as the old wolves. Possible causes include competition from humans(==||居然听得少了个辅音～) for the same prey and the global warming that marked the end of the late-Pleistocene.

蓝色字体是查证的词。相关资料见下帖。
红色字体是zhenzhen_163前辈指正的词。不另发帖了，很感谢zhenzhen_163，顺便研究一下你之前的帖。

貌似是第一贴噢，heihei～

[ 本帖最后由 wizjo 于 2007-7-6 01:33 编辑 ]

wizjoUID: 2175360

http://www.adn.com/front/story/9101656p-9017862c.html

Alaska's ice-age wolves tracked super-sized prey into oblivionAnimal's fate could mean trouble for polar bears
By GEORGE BRYSON
gbryson@adn.com
Published: July  3, 2007
Last Modified: July  3, 2007 at 02:19 PM
Alaska used to be home to a previously unknown and "highly carnivorous"subspecies of ice age wolf with jaws so powerful it could snap amammoth's thigh bone in two.


Isolated from other wolves by a southern icesheet, the "Eastern Beringia wolves" that roamed central Alaska morethan 12,000 years ago were genetically different from any wolves thatexist today, a Smithsonian-led team of scientists has discovered.
When the bison, musk ox, mammoth and othersuper-sized mammals they preyed upon either disappeared locally or wententirely extinct as the ice age ended, all the wolves in Alaska diedoff too, leaving no modern descendants.
So says a study due to be published today inCurrent Biology that provides new insights about modern wolves, whichnow appear to have arrived in Alaska much later than previouslybelieved. It also shows how highly specialized mammals might beparticularly threatened by climate change.
For the past 10 years, the research team hasmeasured the skulls and examined the DNA of wolf remains that layburied for millennia in permafrost near Fairbanks until Gold Rush-eraminers dug them up. That such fossils aren't related to modern wolves"was quite a surprise," lead researcher Jennifer Leonard says.
Also surprising were skull and toothcomparisons between the ancient Alaska carnivores and other ice agewolves that lived in California in the late-Pleistocene epoch andresembled the northern gray wolves of today.
The carnassials (the big side teeth thatwolves use for sheering meat and bone) were significantly larger in theAlaska specimens, which also had a wider head that provided more roomfor jaw muscles.
"It had evolved to have a stronger bite,"Leonard said, speaking by telephone from Stockholm, Sweden, where shenow teaches at Uppsala University.

THE TALE OF THE TEETH
The teeth of the Eastern Beringia wolves(so-named because they populated the broad Bering Land Bridge that oncejoined Siberia to Alaska) also were more cracked and broken, indicatingthat such wolves were habitual bone-breakers.
"We think they were probably eating theirprey more completely by doing a lot more bone-cracking," Leonard said."If you're really hungry, it's worth cracking the bones to eat themarrow."
The tooth wear could also indicate that suchwolves preferred to chew on very large animals, whether they huntedthem down themselves or found the remains left by other carnivores,including such contemporaries as the now-extinct North American lions,saber-tooth tigers and short-faced bears of ice age days.
Included in that diet were musk ox, horse, caribou and bison, Leonard said.
"And they probably ate some mammoth. ... Theyprobably weren't preying on adult mammoth, but they could have beenpreying on juveniles. They were opportunistic. They would definitelyeat a dead-anything they came across."
But when their preferred prey began to dieoff about 12,500 years ago -- due to a warming climate, the newpressure of human hunters or some other reason not yet known -- theAlaska wolves began to quickly decline. Of the 56 specimens the teamstudied, only one died more recently than 12,000 years ago, accordingto carbon- and nitrogen-isotope dating techniques.
"It was a really lonely animal," Leonard said.
SURPRISE FOLLOWS 100-YEAR WAIT
None of the wolf specimens were dug uprecently. Nearly all were found in the early 1900s by gold minersprobing the permanently frozen soil around Fairbanks.
The fossils were soon acquired by theAmerican Museum of Natural History in New York City, whose scientistsidentified them as wolf bones dating back to the late-Pleistocene (theend of a 1.8 million-year period of serial glaciations that culminatedabout 10,000 years ago), then placed in drawers.
Over the next century they barely stirred --until 10 years ago, when Leonard, then a graduate biology student atUCLA, decided to check out the wolf bones as part of her doctoralthesis on evolutionary changes in vertebrate populations. After earningher degree, she continued her wolf research as an associate with theSmithsonian Genetics Program in Washington, D.C.
There, Leonard and other researchers measuredand dated an ever-growing assortment of ancient Alaska wolf bones. Theyextracted mitochondrial DNA from the samples and compared the geneticsequences with those of modern wolves around the world.
There was no overlap. All of the geneticsignatures of the ancient wolves differed from the modern ones. Thatwasn't the team's expectation.
"We thought possibly they would be related toAsian wolves instead of American wolves -- because North America andAsia were connected during that time period," Leonard said in aSmithsonian Institution press release announcing the discovery. "Thatthey were completely unrelated to anything living was quite a surprise."
GRIM IMPLICATIONS FOR POLAR BEARS
Previously, biologists assumed that thewolves that populated Alaska during the last ice age survived theend-Pleistocene extinction intact. The Smithsonian research (joined byother scientists at UCLA, Uppsala and the University of California atSanta Cruz) shows they didn't.
Instead, Alaska must have been wolfless for awhile, until descendants of distant cousins that survived the ice agein southern latitudes eventually recolonized the north.
The discovery may also shed light on howhighly specialized mammals, such as polar bears -- now threatened bymelting sea ice -- can die off when they no longer find the kinds offood their bodies were designed to harvest.
For the ice age wolves of Alaska, the fatalsubtraction might have been the horses and super-sized caribou thateventually disappeared from the north. For today's polar bears, itmight be the all-important ringed seals, lost to retreating ice floes.
"That's a good example," Leonard said. "The polar bear is clearly a very specialized bear."

dcbUID: 2232749

原帖由 wizjo 于 2007-7-5 22:57 发表
July 05, 2007: 60-Second Science
Ancient Alaskan Wolves Not Ancestors of Today's

Wolves have owned the wild of Alaska for thousands of years, right? Well, the answer is no. Because a team of  ...

personal opinion:

1.Because a team of scientists has just(没有just) found that the ancient group of(grave) wolves of Alaska went distinct(extinct) about 12,000 years ago.

2.They did similar investigations for (to)...

3.The extinct groups were（不象是groups were? 不大确定，有疑问） about ...

btw, 兰色字体的词汇倒还难听出来,长见识了，赞LS的辛勤劳动~~~

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

:handshake

Good job, pretty close.

A few notable misses:

1.   Have roamed the wilds of Alaska
2.   Well, yes and no.
3.   Humans; not numens. Top down, top down. Don’t go crazy and make it harder than it has to be. Some of the things that come to mind when we talk about causes of species extinction are: over-hunting by humans (fairly recent, for example, whales), climate change (a possible cause cited by this article), and the impact of asteroids/meteorites (65m years ago, dinosaurs).

kelediguoUID: 149939

2007-07-05

Wolves have roamed the wilds of Alaska for thousands of years, right? Well, yes and no. Because a team of scientists has found that the ancient great wolves of Alaska actually went extinct about 12,000 years ago, and wolves in Alaska today are not their descendants. They are a unique sub-species. The report appears in the journal Current Biology. Scientists analyzed DNA samples and did carbon dating of ancient great wolf remains stored at the Smithsonian Institution. They did similar investigations of modern Alaskan wolves and found that the ancient remains were genetically distinct. The ancient wolves lived in Alaska continuously from at least 45,000 years ago till they went extinct 12,000 years ago. They competed for food with lions, saber-toothed cats and gigantic bears. The extinct wolves were about the same size as today’s but they had much larger teeth and jaw muscles that can kill large bison. Many mammals became extinct about the same time as the old wolves. Possible causes include competition from humans for the same prey and the global warming that marked the end of the late Pleistocene.