Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

kevinliu6883UID: 2338522

You know the phrase ‘out of sight, out of mind’. Turns out literally true when it comes to teenagers on those responsible drinking message at the alcohol level advertisement put all over the places. A new breaking young university study tracked the eye movement of teenagers as they looked at alcohol advertisement and public service messages. Researchers let teens look at magazine alcohol as long as they wanted, which turned out to be on average for about seven seconds. The ads also include text of urgent responsible drinking. And teenagers looked at the back for a grand total of one third of second. Computer analysis showed the young people spending most of their time looking at bottles, product brands, models and headlines. In two ads, just 12% of teens even notice the responsibility message. And it gets worse, the teens were then shown the second time with some responsible message blacked out to see if they had vague memory of the warnings, but 95% could even not identify general concept of the messages. So please remember, when you advertise alcohol, please advertise responsibly.

ernest81888UID: 2247639

You know the phrase “out of sight, out of mind”. Turns out that literally true when it comes to teenagers, the low responsible drinking messages, the alcohol advertisement put all over the place. A new big young university studies the track the eye movements of teenagers as they look at alcohol advertise and published service messages. Researchers like teens look at magazines of alcohol does not they wanted, which turns out to be unever for about 7 seconds. The ads also including test urgent responsible drinking. And teenagers look back for grant total of one third of a second. Computer now shows us the young people spend most of their time looking at bottles, product names, models and headlines. In two eyes, just 12% of kids even knows the responsibility message and it get worse. The teens would ?? at a second time with responsible messages black out to see even a vague memories of warnings. But 94% couldn’t even identify the general concept of the messages. So please remembers when you advertise alcohol, please advertise responsible.

[ 本帖最后由 ernest81888 于 2007-7-7 00:20 编辑 ]

DemoUID: 2331967

今天的说得好快.. ||| 错觉么..

You know the phrase "Out of sight, out of mind"? It turns out it's literally true when it comes to teenagers and those responsible drinking messages that alcohol advertisers put all over the place. A new ... University study tracked the eye movement of teenagers as they looked at alcohol advertisements and public service messages. Researchers let the teams look at magazine alcohol ads as long as they wanted, which turned out to be on average for about seven seconds. The adsalso included text urging "Responsible Drinking". And the teenagers looked at that for a grand total of 1/3 of a second. Computer analysis showed that the young people spent most of their time looking at bottles, product names, models, and headlines. In two ads, justs 12% ofthe teams even noticed the responsiblity message. And it gets worse: the teams were then shown at a second time with the responsibilitymessage blacked out, to see if they had even a vague memory of thewarnings. But 94% percent couldn't even identify the general concept ofthe messages. So please remember, when you advertise alcohol, please advertise responsibly.

P.S.

原帖由 H-Kevin 于 2007-7-6 09:13 发表
July 03
halapeneo--Jalapeño

... niubility.. @@

毁尸灭迹..

[ 本帖最后由 Demo 于 2007-7-7 02:38 编辑 ]

kelediguoUID: 149939

2007-07-06

You know the phrase “out of sight, out of mind”? Turns out it’s literally true when it comes to teenagers and those responsible drinking messages that alcohol advertisers put all over the place. A new Brigham Young University study tracked the eye movements of teenagers as they looked at alcohol advertisements and public service messages. Researchers let the teens look at magazines alcohol ads as long as they wanted, which turned out to be on average for about 7 seconds. The ads also included text urging ‘Responsible Drinking’. And the teenagers looked that for a grand total of one third of a second. Computer analysis showed that the young people spent most of their time looking at bottles, product names, models and headlines. In two ads, just 12 percent of the teens even noticed the responsibility message. And it gets worse. The teens were then shown at the second time with the responsibility messages blacked out to see if they had even a vague memory of the warnings. But 94 percent couldn’t even identify the general concept of the messages. So please remember when you advertise alcohol, please advertise responsibly.

kelediguoUID: 149939

祝wizjo 考出好成绩！！！;d:

H-KevinUID: 2182070

以前丢了，补一下;d:
July 02

Based on kelediguo

It’s a question that has been asked by kids, adults and professional physicists: what, if anything was there before the Big Bang, the ginormous explosion that marked the beginning of the universe, or possibly just the current universe. Because one physicist has published a new model that at least gives mathematical credence to the idea that before we were here another universe collapsed and Big Bang was more like a Big Bounce. That’s according to Penn State’s Martin Bojowald, whose paper appeared in the online edition of the journal Nature Physics on July 1st and will be published in a print edition’s August issue. In Einstein’s general relativity, the Big Bang is a singularity, zero volume, infinite density, and infinitely large energy which is kind of annoying mathematically. Bojowald and other physicists combine General Relativity with quantum physics unknown to Einstein. They then get a starting point for this universe with a non-zone（zero） volume and non-infinite energy. So you get valid math results before the point of the Big Bang which would have been a contracting universe with space time geometry similar to our own.

H-KevinUID: 2182070

The long-distance thinkerheather Martin Bojowald is on a journey back in time to see what happened during the Big Bang. Quirin Schiermeier tags along for the ride.


Q. SCHIERMEIER;LISA/JPL/NASA
Martin Bojowald (top), whose idol is Einstein, hopes that his ideas on the Big Bang will gain some support from NASA's LISA mission (below).

The journey southwest from Berlin to Golm, a small village near Potsdam, is a 90-minute train trip to the end of the world. Or that is how it seemed on a misty December morning. Outside Potsdam the only view from the window is farmland stretching to the horizon, until an ultra-modern glass building looms out of the fog.

This think-tank in the middle of nowhere is the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, often called the Albert Einstein Institute. As might be expected, it is home to theorists who are struggling with physics' deepest questions. How did the Universe begin? What will be its fate? And what happens to time, space and matter at these extremes?

The forlorn landscape outside rather suits Martin Bojowald, a 31-year-old German theorist, who admits he spends most of his time staring into space. Except when writing papers or e-mails, he hardly uses a computer — and he does most of his deep thinking at home, where he feels less self-conscious about his apparent lack of activity.

Bojowald is a disciple of loop quantum gravity, a theory of gravity at the smallest of scales, which physicists can use to look inside black holes or back to the first few moments of the Universe.

Loop quantum gravity is a way to reconcile general relativity — Einstein's theory of how gravity shapes the cosmos — with our quantum picture of the atomic world. Gravity, alone among the four fundamental forces of nature, seems not to respect the rules of quantum physics. Loop quantum gravity tries to address this directly, by rewriting Einstein's equations within a quantum framework. A popular alternative route to 'quantum gravity' is provided by string theory, which has its roots in particle physics, and postulates that everything in the Universe is made of unobservable vibrating strings.

Any decent theory that claims to unite general relativity with quantum theory should be able to fix some of the cosmological puzzles unsolved by general relativity. One enduring mystery is figuring out what happened during the Big Bang — the cosmic event that about 15 billion years ago gave birth to a hot, dense fireball and eventually, stars, galaxies and humans. Although Einstein's equations can describe much of the Universe's history, they break down the closer we get to this moment of creation.

Off with a bang

Conventional wisdom says that the Big Bang was the start of everything, including time, so questions about the Big Bang itself, or what came before, don't make sense. Or so we're told. But the breakdown in the laws of physics — the singularity problem — limits what we know about the starting conditions of the Universe. So it leads to arbitrary assumptions, such as an early period of rapid expansion (inflation), to get the Universe to where it is now.

It is in part thanks to Bojowald that a cosmology based on loop quantum gravity has become a respected, albeit controversial, notion. "Martin has opened the door to the possibility of calculating the predictions of loop theory for cosmology, and determining whether they can be tested against observations," says Roy Maartens, a cosmologist at the University of Portsmouth, UK.

In the loop quantum universe everything is quantized, or discrete, including time. Space can be chopped up into discrete 'cubes', just 10-99 cm3. One cube would equal the smallest unit of space, but it is not 'empty' space; each cube incorporates space, time and matter in the form of intersecting 'loops'.

"This has few consequences for our understanding of the real world," says Bojowald. These loops operate on scales far outside our experience. "But the discreteness of loop theory makes it much easier mathematically and conceptually to come to terms with the early Universe," he says.

In the loop

Although the loop language is complex, the maths behind the theory is elegant. Bojowald has created a framework in which physical laws do not break down at the Big Bang singularity (M. Bojowald Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5227–5230; 2001). His results suggest that at extremely small scales, quantum gravitation can be repulsive, which prevents the collapse of space-time into a singularity. This effect, which would contradict general relativity, might be a consequence of the quantization of Einstein's equations, Bojowald says.

Freed from the singularity, Bojowald can now look back to a time 'before' the Big Bang. He finds an inverted universe on the other side — a mirror-image of ours — expanding outwards as time runs backwards.

Bojowald's model also provides tantalizing insight into how inflation occurs (M. Bojowald Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 261301; 2002). A gravitational repulsion not only prevents the collapse of a contracting universe, he believes, but also pulls apart an expanding one. Maartens cautions that this idea has some way to go before it is fully convincing. But that long road doesn't intimidate Bojowald, who is a long-distance runner both in real life and in science.

"In the beginning, there was a lot of criticism," Bojowald says. "But things have changed, and meanwhile many cosmologists have got very interested in loop equations."

Bojowald hopes that data from the European Space Agency's 2007 Planck mission will provide indirect backing for his ideas. This satellite will test theories of the early Universe by looking at the radiation left over from the Big Bang. After 2011, data from NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna could reveal a quantum gravity effect from the early Universe in its observations of ripples in space-time.

In the meantime, says Sean Carroll, a theoretical cosmologist at the University of Chicago, Illinois, string theory remains the more popular theory, given that it has solved many problems related to quantum gravity. "But," he adds, "any alternative concept is welcome and needs to be taken seriously."

[ 本帖最后由 H-Kevin 于 2007-7-7 09:22 编辑 ]

pebbleniuUID: 2358037

我想问下大家都听了多少遍才写出全文的？

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

May top down help you!

Good luck!

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

:handshake

The teens were then shown ads a second time with the responsibility messages blacked out to see if they had even a vague memory of the warnings.

And zero percent of you got this CHUNK of words right...  :)

pebbleniuUID: 2358037

以前还以为自己听力还可以呢...
现在听这个听了近10遍才写出全文...555
超级没信心了

我好笨阿:(  
跟你们一起努力，希望有一天能赶上！

bryantdUID: 2351437

厉害

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

Please take a look at #839.   :)

colonel2007UID: 2309573

查收啦，谢谢

pebbleniuUID: 2358037

这里跟大家有点出入
computer now also shows that young people spent most of their time looking at bottles, product names, models and headlines.
没听出analysis.....