Scientific American 60 Second Science听抄（有音频文件）

永夜の翼UID: 2380499

If you’ve ever driven on a dirt road, you’ve encountered the ridges and ripples that make a conversation in the car sound like sound like this – ‘……’
Well a study soon to be published in Physical Reveal Letters finds that so called washboard roads are virtually inevitable. Wheels rolling over dirt will almost always cause the rippling pattern that rattles your teeth as you drive.
The researchers made miniature road beds out of various sizes of grains of sand and even some long grain rice to learn about the physics involved. They found that wheels rolling over loose particles just naturally causes washboarding. Doubling the bed thickness and halvingthe grain size had almost no effect. Wheel size didn’t even matter, but the mass of the wheels did. Heavier wheels produce larger amplitude ripples with shorter wave length, making for a really rough ride.
Experiments that you could avoid generating the ripples by keeping traffic at less than 3 miles an hour. Therefore they conclude, washboard roads will no doubt continue to annoy drivers for as long as there’re unpaved road and wheels to roll over them.

比较容易听漏听错的小地方  已经用红色标出了, 感谢楼上的各位,  这个的问题应该已经不多了.
_______________________
第一次将could错听为could've, effect误听为affect, 意思上理解还是为effect比较对
thanks to zhenzhen_163^_^



[ 本帖最后由 永夜の翼 于 2007-8-14 17:36 编辑 ]

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

As I said in post 1421, liucirong got most of it right.

I am afraind you have introduced some additional errors.

1. effect
2. Experiments showed that you could avoid generating...

:handshake

jessicagraceUID: 2154651

又听了一遍， 同意:handshake

jessicagraceUID: 2154651

哈， 我是光学的， 这些词我也是歪打正着， 碰巧认识

永夜の翼UID: 2380499

原帖由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-8-13 22:44 发表
As I said in post 1421, liucirong got most of it right.

I am afraind you have introduced some additional errors.

1. effect
2. Experiments showed that you could avoid generating...

:handshake

...
Thanks for your sugestion~~
1. 不过又听了一遍... Affect而不是effect...虽然意思差不多 但文章里读的是 []音, 而不是effect中的/i/
2.could've我听错了 呵呵, 把后面avoid的v音听到了写了两遍


已经修改~

kevinxliUID: 2238230

向楼主学习
努力中

wlxzmUID: 2292462

If you've ever driven on a dirt road, you 've encountered the ridges and ripples make conversation in a car sound like this. Well a study soon to be published in Phisical Reveal Letters finds that so called washboad roads are virtually inevidable. Wheels rolling over dirt will almost always cause the rippling pattern that rattles your teeth as you drive. The researcher made miniature road beds out of various sizes grain of sand and even some long grain rice to learn about phisical involved. They found that wheelsrolling on  a loose particals just naturally cause washboading. Doubling the bed thickness and halving the grain size had almost no affect. Wheel size didn't even matter. But the mass of the wheels did. Heavier wheels produce larger amplitude rapples with shot wave length making for really rough rid. Ezperiment show that you could avoide generating the rapples by keeping trafic at less than three miles an hour. Therefore, they concluded washboad road will no doubt continue to annoy drivers for as long as there're unpaved road and wheels to roll over them.

听的遍数太多了,一个小时才完成,是不是太差劲了?

yengUID: 2266697

学习

linkunkun7UID: 2196646

原帖由 wlxzm 于 2007-8-14 10:09 发表
...听的遍数太多了,一个小时才完成,是不是太差劲了?

不一定阿，看文章啊，我是有的写很快，有的比较慢，这篇相对也用了比较长的时间。。。

dcbUID: 2232749

August 14

Mongoose-python fights get all the ?(not catch). But here in the US, it's squirrels and rattlesnakes that haven't noteworthy tempestuous relationship. One might even call the interaction "heated" literally. Because researchers have discovered that California ground squirrels heat their tails up as a signal to rattlesnakes to keep away from baby squirrels. The report is on the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Squirrels waved their tails as snakes to appear bigger and ticked off. And it was known that squirrels waved their tails more vigorously in the dark than in daylight, while rattlesnakes can sense infrared radiation--AKA heat. So researchers used an infrared camera to record squirrel-rattlesnake's naked encounters. They also recorded faceoffs between squirrels and gopher snakes which cannot sense heat.  And they found that heated up their tails somehow when dealing with rattlers, but squirrels didn't bother to turn on the heat when they waved their tails at gopher snakes. So a heatible tail seems to allow squirrels to say to rattlers:" Move along! Thinks for your hearer(no sure) too hot!"

[ 本帖最后由 dcb 于 2007-8-14 15:35 编辑 ]

zhenzhen_163UID: 196150

Please look up the definitions for effect and affect and you will know which is correct. These two words are quite confusing, especially when it comes to the use of effect as a verb, which is not the case here.  :)

As far as the pronunciation is concerned, unstressed vowels are schwas and sound basically the same. Native speakers do not pronounce affect and effect differently when they encounter them in a sentence.

[ 本帖最后由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-8-14 17:15 编辑 ]

永夜の翼UID: 2380499

原帖由 zhenzhen_163 于 2007-8-14 17:14 发表
Please look up the definitions for effect and affect and you will know which is correct. These two words are quite confusing, especially when it comes to the use of effect as a verb, which is not ...

仔细看了一下~~  呵呵  的确是effect,   affect做名词的时候本来就很少.......是我太强调发音了......
受教了  THX!

linkunkun7UID: 2196646

原帖由 sunxikai007 于 2007-8-12 15:48 发表
大家能上传大的附件的，能不能把最近的60scientic听力文件上传一下阿！谢谢了
我是校园网好多网站都上不去的！谢谢了！

我试了一下，小小的音频要分好几个，还是看谁能传大的附件的人来传吧。。。

liucirongUID: 2215759

August 14, 2007: 60-Second Science Squirrels Use Hot Tails To Intimidate Rattlers

Squirrels heat up their tails and wave them at heat-sensing rattlesnakes to keep the snakes away. Steve Mirsky reports.

Mongoose-python fights get all the link, but here in the US, it’s squirrels and rattlesnakes that haven’t noteworthy **tempestuous relationship. One might even call the interaction “heated” literally. Because researchers have discovered that Californiaground squirrels heat their tails up as a signal to rattlesnakes to keep away from baby squirrels. The report is on the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Squirrels waved their tails as snakes to appear bigger and ticked off. And it was known that squirrels waved their tails more vigorously in the dark than in daylight, while rattlesnakes can sense infer(infrared) radiation--AKA heat. So researchers used the(an) infrared camera to record squirrel-rattlesnake encounters. They also recorded face-offs between squirrels and gopher snakes which can not sense heat and they found that the squirrels heated up their tails somehow when dealing with rattlers but squirrels didn’t bother to turn on the heat when they waved their tails at gopher snakes. So a heatabletails seems to allow a squirrel to say to a rattlers: ”Move along, things for your here too hot”.

NEW WORDS
Mongoose / ˈmɔŋguːs 鼬
python  [ˈpaiθən]n.蟒蛇，巨蛇
noteworthy  [ˈnəutˌwəði]a.值得注意的
tempestuous [temˈpestʃuəs]a.狂暴的
vigorously [ˈvigərəsli]ad.精力旺盛地；健壮地
infrared[ˌinfrəˈred]a.红外线的
face-off n.开球, 对峙, 敌对, 面对面地会议
没听出:
(小词)
it’s
researchers have discovered
the(an) infrared camera
say to
拼写:
California
Camera







Squirrels Heat Their Tails to Fend Off Rattlesnakes

Scott Norris
for National Geographic News
August 13, 2007

California ground squirrels warm up their tails to ward off heat-sensitive rattlesnakes, researchers have discovered.

When confronted by a squirrel waving a "hot" tail over its head, northern Pacific rattlesnakes will often cease their predatory behavior and go on the defensive, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of California, Davis.

It's not that a squirrel's tail—heated or not—poses any threat to a rattlesnake, biologists say.

Instead the hot tail's purpose is meant to signal the readiness of adult squirrels to defend their young from a rattlesnake attack, biologists say.

This so-called thermal signaling is so effective because rattlesnakes are highly sensitive to heat. They use a specialized sensory organ to detect the infrared radiation—or heat—given off by their small mammal prey.

(Related: Snakes on a Page: Full Serpent Coverage" [August 14, 2006].)

The heat "increases the conspicuousness of the squirrel's tail-flagging display," said study lead author Aaron Rundus, now at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

"This display signals to the snake that it has been detected, and that it is likely to be harassed by the squirrel and other in the vicinity."

The squirrel likely warms its tail by increasing blood flow from its body to the normally cooler tail region, said study co-author Donald Owings of UC Davis.

The study appears today in the online version of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Warning Signs

When snakes are around, adult California ground squirrels want to make themselves noticed.

Rattlers and other snakes prey on ground squirrels largely through surprise attacks on pups. But the snakes avoid potentially fatal conflicts with older squirrels.

That's because adults possess blood proteins that make them immune to rattlesnake venom, "and therefore are well set up to confront rattlesnakes in very prolonged and intense encounters," lead author Rundus said.

Rather than risk a tussle, a hungry rattler will usually back off and not enter a squirrel's burrow if it knows it has lost the advantage of surprise.

The researchers used infrared imaging equipment to monitor encounters between the ground squirrels and both northern Pacific rattlesnakes and gopher snakes, which were trapped in California's Central Valley and brought into a laboratory. (See a California map.)

To the naked eye, there was no difference in the squirrels' tail-waving response to rattlers versus other kinds of snakes.

The infrared monitoring, however, showed that the squirrels raised their tail temperature by as much as nine degrees Fahrenheit (five degrees Celsius) when threatened by rattlesnakes—but not when faced with gopher snakes, which lack the rattlers' heat sensitivity.

"The selective use of infrared tail flagging reveals an exacting discriminatory ability on the part of the squirrels," said James Hare of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, who was not part of the study.

In a second set of laboratory experiments, rattlesnakes were presented with lifelike squirrel robots waving heated or unheated tails.

The experiments confirmed that an increase in tail temperature effectively deterred the snakes from approaching.

Specialized Signals

The new finding fits with broader evolutionary theory, which predicts that the kinds of signals an animal sends will be shaped by the sensory abilities of the intended signal receiver.

"This study reinforces the importance of receiver sensory biases in signal evolution," Hare said.

"Even more importantly, it emphasizes the critical importance of resolving signals outside human perceptual limits in understanding the behavior of animals."

In effect, tail warming serves the squirrel in much the same way that rattling serves the rattlesnake, the researchers say.

To minimize conflict, both species have evolved warning signals that are highly noticeable to their enemies.

The squirrels themselves have no way of detecting their own heat signal, noted co-author Owings.

"And there's a good chance that rattlesnakes cannot hear themselves rattle," he added.

永夜の翼UID: 2380499

August 14, 2007: 60-Second Science Squirrels Use Hot Tails To Intimidate Rattlers

Squirrels heat up their tails and wave them at heat-sensing rattlesnakes to keep the snakes away. Steve Mirsky reports.

Mongoose-python fights get all the ink. But here in the U.S., it’s squirrels and rattle snakes that have a noteworthy and tempestuous relationship.
One might even call the interaction ‘heated’, literally. Because researchers have discovered that California ground squirrels heat their tails up as a signal to rattle snakes to keep away from baby squirrels.
The report is on the proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences. Squirrels wave their tails at snakes to appear bigger and ticked-off. And it was known that squirrels wave their tales more vigorously in the dark than in daylight.Well, rattle snakes can sense infrared radiation -- AKA heat. So, researchers used an infrared camera to record squirrel-rattle snaking counters. They also recorded face-offs between squirrels and gopher snakes which cannot sense heat. And they found that the squirrels heated up their tails somehow when dealing with rattlers, but squirrels didn’t bother to turn on the heat when wave their tails at gopher snakes.
So a heatable tail seems to allow squirrels to say to rattlers “Move along, things for your here are too hot.”

红的部分是一些容易听不清楚的部分
infrared 按照上下文分析来讲应该是这样,但是的确在听的时候没有听出INF-后的"r"音出来...困惑ing...

THX TO 楼上的各位~^_^

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well和while的问题已修正，这里还是 用well比较对似乎

tempestuous KK: [] DJ: [] a. 1. 暴风雨的;暴风雪的 2. 剧烈的,狂暴的 She burst into a tempestuous fit of anger. 她勃然大怒。

[ 本帖最后由 永夜の翼 于 2007-8-15 18:21 编辑 ]