ISSUE169 欢迎砍 送屠龙刀... 同题二期工程竣工...

flakeverUID: 2322533

题目：ISSUE169 - "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."
字数：601          用时：01:40:12          日期：2007-7-30 16:46:19

提纲:
1 开头..
2 先让步, 承认政治和道德的定义层面基本没啥相干..
3 政治 --- > 道德   道德其实是公众认知和政治共同作用的结果.例:西方文化里,美国的个人独立意识,是推翻英皇统治后民众的需求,进一步也是当时政治上处理不同宗族分歧的政治需要. 再如东方文化里,中国的儒家思想,是人民共同的认知(比如什么遵老从礼之类).. 但是它在中国的大规模普及,只不过因为汉武帝暗中对抗窦太后统治的政治需要.
4 道德 --- > 政治   道德也为政治划定了许多不可逾越的界限.  例子当然就是水门和小克同学的性丑闻了…
5 结论…

As for the relationship of the politics and morality just as the author concerned, I fundamentally share my agreement that politics and morality are interactional rather than mutually exclusive. In other words, it is impossible to entirely grasp the inner streams of politics and morality unless one can treat them as a whole.

Admittedly, separately considering politics and morality in different realms, one can easily reach the unattached definitions of both politics and morality. That is, morality embraces the beliefs that common people adhere to, the virtues they treasure, the responsibilities and obligations they accept and the ideals they chase during their lifetime. On the contrary, however, politics serve to govern the nation and achieve the political goals of certain groups of people. In some cases, politics may even mean to invoke the entire arsenal of the government's powers to compel obedience by force which seems far from moral.

Given that all government relies on coercion, it seems that morality and politics are mutually exclusive. However, taking an observation through a different lens of this issue, one can have a further perspective of the inner interaction of morality and politics. Stripped to its essence, morality is ultimately defined in terms of a balance between common cognition and politics. On the one hand, just as the definition above, morality takes its shape and evolves during the process of civilian and social development. Take the American cultural principle of individual freedom as an example, it's an acknowledged principle shared by the common Americas from all walks of life after they overthrew the regime of English King. Confucianism is another case serves as an apt illusion. During approximately 2200 years, Confucianism played the core of role Chinese morality, it shared nation wide consensus from majority of people. From common good, people agreed with Confucianism to respect the elder and authority. On the other hand, morality is influenced and even defined by the political needs. Just as the principle of individual freedom was a political need to form the States and treats all the conflicts within various races that came from the whole continent of Europe. As for the Confucianism, it was known to all, its nation wide popularity attributed to the political needs of Han Dynasty's Great Emperor Wu to reign the empire against his grandmother's domination. These two example in both Western and Eastern values are just the tip of the example iceberg to illustrate politics plays an important role in the development of morality.

Furthermore, morality sets limits on politics as well. No matter how powerful the politics is, it is clear that morality, which stands for the interest and cognition of the populace, confines the power of politics in some degree. The representative examples of two scandals, the Watergate scandal and Clinton's sex scandal, are apt illustrations to this point. It is far more than the morality can tolerate for the president to have sex scandal or play illegal intrigues that help bucking for reappointment. It is just the very reasons why Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton became the second and third president who receives impeachment during American history. As one can easily observe from the every aspect of politics, morality its indelible role. Morality steers the mass media, effects the legislation, direct the bureaucrats and even choose the president.

To sum up, from what has been discussed above, I hope it has been shown that morality and politics are neighbors rather than strangers and interactional realms rather than separate definitions. Therefore, it is important for one to treat politics and morality conjunctly and understand them thoroughly by analyzing their interactions.

[ 本帖最后由 flakever 于 2007-7-30 23:58 编辑 ]

njuzhshaoUID: 2258118

观点和例子要猛赞!!!!
对了,楼主能不能用中文讲一讲关于美国个人主义的那个例子,我不是很了解这个背景,但是也没有查到^

[ 本帖最后由 njuzhshao 于 2007-7-30 18:52 编辑 ]

flakeverUID: 2322533

回楼上:

忘了在哪看过的. 大概就几句话而已 意思在于 美国这些核心价值观 比如什么独立自主民主之类的 是顺应了当时脱离英皇统治的一种历史需求 为了把一群人凝聚在一起 :) 我就拿来稍微一变用了

dongdong7721131UID: 2353603

As for the relationship of the politics and morality just as the author concerned, I fundamentally share my agreement that politics and morality are interactional rather than mutually exclusive. In other words, it is impossible to entirely grasp the inner streams of politics and morality unless one can treat them as a whole.(采用对作者观点的否定格式，提出自己的观点，但是这两句话有点重复的意思)

Admittedly, separately considering politics and morality in different realms, one can easily reach the unattached definitions of both politics and morality. That is, morality embraces the beliefs that common people adhere to, the virtues they treasure, the responsibilities and obligations they accept and the ideals they chase during their lifetime. On the contrary, however, politics serve to govern the nation and achieve the political goals of certain groups of people. In some cases, politics may even mean to invoke the entire arsenal of the government's powers to compel obedience by force which seems far from moral. (单列一段来陈述对morality and politics的理解，有利于下面的分析。不过我有一个小疑问就是这种布局是不是符合一般的写作文法)

Given that all government relies on coercion, it seems that morality and politics are mutually exclusive. However, taking an observation through a different lens of this issue, one can have a further perspective of the inner interaction of morality and politics. Stripped to its essence, morality is ultimately defined in terms of a balance between common cognition and politics. On the one hand, just as the definition above, morality takes its shape and evolves during the process of civilian and social development. Take the American cultural principle of individual freedom as an example, it's an acknowledged principle shared by the common Americas from all walks of life after they overthrew the regime of English King. Confucianism is another case serves as an apt illusion. During approximately 2200 years, Confucianism played the core of role (这里是不是少个介词in) Chinese morality, it shared nation wide consensus from majority of people. From common good, people agreed with Confucianism to respect the elder and authority. (不仔细看的话，没有发现这段在这里有两个论据。换个思路就可以把文章写成3个大的论据吧)On the other hand, morality is influenced and even defined by the political needs. Just as the principle of individual freedom was a political need to form the States and treats all the conflicts within various races that came from the whole continent of Europe. As for the Confucianism, it was known to all, its nation wide popularity attributed to the political needs of Han Dynasty's Great Emperor Wu to reign the empire against his grandmother's domination. These two example in both Western and Eastern values are just the tip of the example iceberg to illustrate politics plays an important role in the development of morality.(从文章布局来看本段太大了，能否分成两段来讲。例子很好，思路很宽泛)

Furthermore, morality sets limits on politics as well. No matter how powerful the politics is, it is clear that morality, which stands for the interest and cognition of the populace, confines the power of politics in some degree. The representative examples of two scandals, the Watergate scandal and Clinton's sex scandal, are apt illustrations to this point. It is far more than the morality can tolerate for the president to have sex scandal or play illegal intrigues that help bucking for reappointment. It is just the very reasons why Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton became the second and third president who receives impeachment during American history. As one can easily observe from the every aspect of politics, morality its indelible role.（这句话少了谓语啦） Morality steers the mass media, effects the legislation, direct the bureaucrats and even choose the president.(又是一个问题，表达并列的观点的第3、4段看着很不舒服。)

To sum up, from what has been discussed above, I hope it has been shown that morality and politics are neighbors rather than strangers and interactional realms rather than separate definitions. Therefore, it is important for one to treat politics and morality conjunctly and understand them thoroughly by analyzing their interactions.(看完了，文章水平很高，比我是强多了，我只能说佩服佩服。由于水平有限，我还无法在谴辞造句上做出评价，还望谅解。最后，望共同努力共同进步)

flakeverUID: 2322533

按照楼上的意见作出了修改 感谢修改 多谢  :handshake    PS:中间好大那段. 我专门让它大一点 看看两边小中间大的效果.. 呵呵 我觉得这样挺可爱的 呵呵 有空来把它分成两个 :)

As for the relationship of the politics and morality just as the author concerned, I fundamentally share my agreement that politics and morality are interactional rather than mutually exclusive. In other words, it is impossible to entirely grasp the inner streams of politics and morality unless one can treat them as a whole.

Admittedly, separately considering politics and morality in different realms, one can easily reach the unattached definitions of both politics and morality. That is, morality embraces the beliefs that common people adhere to, the virtues they treasure, the responsibilities and obligations they accept and the ideals they chase during their lifetime. On the contrary, however, politics serve to govern the nation and achieve the political goals of certain groups of people. In some cases, politics may even mean to invoke the entire arsenal of the government's powers to compel obedience by force which seems far from moral.

Given that all government relies on coercion, it seems that morality and politics are mutually exclusive. However, taking an observation through a different lens of this issue, one can have a further perspective of the inner interaction of morality and politics. Stripped to its essence, morality is ultimately defined in terms of a balance between common cognition and politics. On the one hand, just as the definition above, morality takes its shape and evolves during the process of civilian and social development. Take the American cultural principle of individual freedom as an example, it's an acknowledged principle shared by the common Americas from all walks of life after they overthrew the regime of English King. Confucianism is another case serves as an apt illusion. During approximately 2200 years, Confucianism represented the core of Chinese morality, it shared nation wide consensus from majority of people. From common good, people agreed with Confucianism to respect the elder and authority. On the other hand, morality is influenced and even defined by the political needs. Just as the principle of individual freedom was a political need to form the States and treats all the conflicts within various races that came from the whole continent of Europe. As for the Confucianism, it was known to all, its nation wide popularity attributed to the political needs of Han Dynasty's Great Emperor Wu to reign the empire against his grandmother's domination. These two example in both Western and Eastern values are just the tip of the example iceberg to illustrate politics plays an important role in the development of morality.

Furthermore, morality sets limits on politics as well. No matter how powerful the politics is, it is clear that morality, which stands for the interest and cognition of the populace, confines the power of politics in some degree. The representative examples of two scandals, the Watergate scandal and Clinton's sex scandal, are apt illustrations to this point. It is far more than the morality can tolerate for the president to have sex scandal or play illegal intrigues that help bucking for reappointment. It is just the very reasons why Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton became the second and third president who receives impeachment during American history. As one can easily observe, morality plays its indelible role in every aspect of politics. It is morality that steers the mass media, effects the legislation, directs the bureaucrats and even chooses the president.

To sum up, from what has been discussed above, I hope it has been shown that morality and politics are neighbors rather than strangers and interactional realms rather than separate definitions. Therefore, it is important for one to treat politics and morality conjunctly and understand them thoroughly by analyzing their interactions.