No 6-1-4请教

Edmonton07UID: 2346683

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

25. The author implies that control to any extent over the “frailties” that constrain our behavior is thought to presuppose

(A) that those frailties are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive
(B) that there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature
(C) that there are cultures in which those frailties do not “come naturally” and from which such control can be learned
(D) a full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now
(E) a thorough grasp of the principle that cultural detail in human behavior can differ arbitrarily from society to society


26. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?

(A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people’s inability to name any but the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people’s inability to mask their feelings completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people’s inability to swim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people’s inability to control their lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people’s inability to fly without special apparatus


27. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that

(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change


这篇文章看不懂:confused: ，上面三个全错了，下载的杨继阅读资料又打不开（包含22个文件的），请教大家！谢谢！

futuremanUID: 2327059

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-737941-1-1.html
来这里讨论吧:)))

lynn2000UID: 2357526

这篇文章我也觉得非常难,试了两次限时阅读,可每次读完都很茫然,对着题目无法解,最后只有撇开时间慢慢研究,还拉了美国朋友一起看,结果四个题目他错了两个,我错了三个,太恐怖了!慢读才感觉出大意!考试如碰到这样的题目,那就完了!

lynn2000UID: 2357526

这篇是NO 6.1.2.2还是 NO 6.1.4? 哪里能找到这篇文章的解释?

michaelwuUID: 2331398

太难了，4个都错，没有一道题找到根据的。细读一遍还没读懂 不知道要说些什么

开若兰UID: 2561957

在 https://bbs.gter.net/thread-821946-1-1.html 找到一段翻译，希望对大家有帮助。
翻译: 某些当代人类学家坚持认为，生物进化不仅仅塑造了人类形体，而且亦塑造了人类行为。这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。我们的“弱点”——诸如愤怒、恐惧、贪婪、暴食、快乐、淫欲、爱恋等情感和动机——或许是一种极为含浑的范畴，但它们至少会享着一个直接的特性：如同我们所说的那样，我们受着它们的“控制支配”。因而，它们赋予我们以某种压抑感。
不幸的是，在所有这些弱点中，某些弱点——其中对不断增加的安全感的需要——目前处于失调状态。然则，透过文化功节的层迭覆盖，它们同样也被说成是带有生物演化的趋向，因此对我们来说如同我们的阑尾那样与生俱有，自然正常。我们需要彻底理解它们适应性的起源，方能弄懂它们现在何等不利地在误导我们。这样一来，我们或许可以开始抵制它们的压力。

题目26: Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people's inability to name any but the primary colors,
B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people's inability to mask their feelings completely
C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people's inability to swim long distances
D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people's inability to control their lives completely
E) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people's inability to fly without special apparatus

分析: 正确答案是E。是不是觉得完全没了方向? 呵呵,很正常的,因为这是个人感觉最难的一道类比题;而且这么多套考题做下来,都没再发现有这么难的题目,所以请放心.不过难归难,分析还是要分析的. 首先题目就非常难以看懂.这道题的题干入选了杨鹏难句,而且被誉为最难理解的题干之一.题目的意思是下列哪个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的“人类行为细节”相对“人类行为上的限制”之间的差异从人类形态的角度上提供一个合适的类比?(汗,偶自己翻的太拗口了,所以就借鉴一下老杨的了^-^).呵呵,中文都挺难理解的吧.其实我们只要抓住这句话的关键点就可以了.第一.就是“细节”和“限制”的对比;第二.就是要从人类形态和人类行为的角度出发,即从进化的角度出发.所以凭借这两点我们可以发现,原文对于“细节”和“限制”的对比是进化带给我们一些行为上的细节功能,但是也会带来一些限制. 所以E选项: 第一,在高山上居住的人们由于进化有了比常人大的肺活量,所以他们能在氧气稀薄的高上生存,这就是进化带来的“细节”;第二, 进化并没使他们获得飞翔的能力,他们还是需要靠特殊器械才能飞,这就是进带来的“限制”.而且两者都是人类进化的结果,和原文相符.再来看看其他的几个错误选项.A,“大多数人能看到所有的可见色”这一点我们姑且算它是进化的结果,但是后面的“大多数人不能说出除几个主色之外的其他颜色”这和进化没什么关系吧,最多算是认知的问题吧.B, 完全答非所问吧.C,虽然可以让我们联想到一些进化的差异,比如潜水能力强的人可能肺部进化得比较强大.但是C选项并没有像E选项那样凸显出进化带来的“限制”,最多只能表明人与人之间进化的略微差异性.D, 同样答非所问吧,和进化搭不上边.

THUUID: 2369901

请LZ把问题描述的清楚些

然后，对回答问题的同学说声谢谢

3X

开若兰UID: 2561957

还在 http://www.urch.com/forums/gmat- ... -comprehension.html 找到了一个对27题并不很具有说服力的解释--仅做参考。
Since our "constraints" are maladaptive - they don't change well. Whereas our human environment is a "detail" and it can change v rapidly, outpacing the other.

开若兰UID: 2561957

25. The author implies that control to any extent over the “frailties” that constrain our behavior is thought to presuppose
(A) that those frailties are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive
(B) that there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature that there are cultures in which those frailties do not “come naturally” and from which such control can be learned
(D) a full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now
(E) a thorough grasp of the principle that cultural detail in human behavior can differ arbitrarily from society to society

第25题可以从下面这句话找到答案。
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now.

其实我也是第一次做时4道全错，然后自己上网搜索资料的。

corpuscleUID: 2503411

6楼的解释很地道
这个题目确实很难

saavedroUID: 2423190

这是去年的帖子里，我记得花儿姐姐的阅读日志里有解释。楼主下载看一下吧。