3. 天文学。讲一种brown dwaft star。教授通过提问的方式完成讲座。老师说我们先不谈这个,我们来看看星球的理论,(有题)。首先讲颜色,不是real brown,是dark red,not very bright,这是让人容易混乱的原因(考题)。接着讲mass:not very big。比太阳小,太阳是它的10-20倍,比Jupiter大。再谈为什么早先没有发现它:一个是它本身很暗,另一个是它被很亮的星星包围(考题)。因此需要更先进的望远镜。最后一个学生问为什么它的发现很有意义(考题)?教授说之前的理论预测有,但没有证实。Jupiter是一个failed star,因为mass不够。这种星星的mass介于Jupiter和Red **星之间(考题)。
4. film making。GG问教授FILM拍摄能否去home(考题),教授不允许,必须on campus,以及原因(考题,好像有个利用空间什么的)。GG又问为什么要限定12分钟,教授告诉原因(考题),并列举了课堂上提到的大导演,说明了他们也是这样(考题:提到大导演的目的)。
5. art history。艺术和科学是统一的,科学能够帮助艺术。讲了一本A*P的书,书历经众多磨难,最后在法国收藏家手里。1906年被museum获得,开始研究。但是缺少很多,科学家试图重现。第一种是颜色辨别,不同的产生的光波波长不同。但是不管用,因为有overlap。后来一个学生,学photosynthesis(??)的,偶然看到,建议用X-ray,产生一种新技术,出现一个专有名词。多次提到iron,但是没弄清楚。(平时就最怕art的题目,总是听得一知半解的,这次又是这样,郁闷~)
1. Describe an important gift that you gave to your friends. And explain why it is special.
我把准备的别人给我的礼物变了变。呵呵。
2. some people prefer enjoying the money right away, others prefer save money ,which do you prefer.
3. annoucement on energy-saving+ b+ i) J* R# O2 H, V+ D$ S) }
阅读:学校要save energy,从library 开始,换了new lights, 还减少air-conditioning当天气很热时。
听力:女学生不能接受。一是new lights are not bright enough,另外什么reading lamp总是没人用,意义不大。二是太hot,受不了,回dorm太noisy,这样影响大家学习。Air-condition少用,library会uncomfortable,同学会转战dormitory, but dormitory noisy, you cannot concertrate yourself
4. chaining behaivor
阅读:教children behaivor时,parents把behavior分成a series of simple action,一次教一个,下次再巩固前面的,连起来,像一个chain,依次往返,直到a sequence可以完成。
听力:教授举自己三岁女儿学洗手的例子。分为5步:一是turn on the water pipe;二是get your hands wet;三是use soap;四是washing your hands;五是turn off the water。第一步花了a few days,教第二步时,和第一步连起来,依此类推,最后成a sequence.
5. suit
man 需要a suit for tomorrow's interview,但是他的上次回家忘在家里了but his suit was left in his parents' home。宿舍室友建议他借室友的borrow his roommate’s, but the suit doesn't fit. baggy,bigger. Won’t make a good impression. 女生建议当晚去store买,但man说他存的钱想用来买自行车buy a new one, but the boy has saved money for a long time for a new bike.
6. food spoil
教授说food spoil因为harmful bacteria growth。两种方法防止:一是temperature control;温度是关键因素,越高细菌生长的越快。举例fresh fish,cold情况下可以保存数月,热的情况下很快就坏。二是moisture control。水分很重要,越多坏的越快。举例milk,regular milk容易坏,而milk powder,因为dry所以可以长期保存.
因为有bacteris.所以要控制细菌生长防止food spoilage
two factors are important
1: control temperature. Bacteria grow fast in warm environment. while the temperature is low, bacteria grows slowly, and then foods can be kept longer. Eg; fresh fish exposed in warm air spoils easily. But in fridges they can be kept for months.,
2:control moisture. Caz bacteria need water to grow. Eg: liquid milk spoils fast. But milk powder can be kept for years because water is removed. all the dry foods can be kept longer than regular foods
四、作文:
1. 综合:bees use dance for collecting food.
阅读:von Frisch的理论:bees dance用来告诉food方位的理论,被科学家怀疑,因为实验结果与预期不一致。三个实验,
1) 两组,一组受干扰不给看dance,另一组有dance,发现两组找到食物一样多。
2) 给看dance的花了更长的时间到达食物源。
3) bees trace the smell of odors not dances to find food resource