35.The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.
"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."
In this argument, the arguer asserts that salicylates, which have the same chemical composition with aspirin, a headaches-treating medicine, have the equal efficacy with the latter. In the meantime, the arguer claims that the commercial use of salicylates as food preservatives can decrease the average number of headaches, which is based on a twenty-year study. Finally the author believes that the brand new use of salicylates as flavor additives can make the reduction continue. As it stands, the argument suffers from several critical flaws as follows.
The major problem with this argument is that the arguer provides no evidence to substantiate that the solely reason for the participants' headaches is the lack of salicylates in their body and diet. Actually, the cause of headaches can be related to the lack of rest or sleep, turbid atmosphere, rheum or fever, injury of brain, secular wrong posture, and even some other psychological factors.
Another defect that impairs the logic of this argument is that the reduction of headaches of the participants is possibly not the result of the addition of salicylates as preservatives. Perhaps the participants change their jobs from terrible ones into comfortable ones. Maybe some participants come across a new medicine which is much more effective in treating headaches. Another possible situation is that the participants change their diet, eliminating some improper foods which maybe damage the health of them.
Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out several other flaws that undermine the argument. The arguer does not offer the details of the participants, who contribute a lot to the report. It is possible that the searcher neglects the randomicity and especial situation of samples. What's more, the arguer does not testify that the excess of salicylates will not give rise to insalubrities.
In sum, this argument seems to be credible; actually, it is neither dependable nor convincing. To make the argument more compelling, the arguer would have to inform that the cause and the lessening of headaches of the participants are connected with salicylates. In addition, it must be proved that the excessive salicylates in food won't lead to another disease. If the argument includes the given factors mentioned above, it would have been more meticulous and reasonable.