〓DIES IN FLAMES〓组 NO题 分析研讨——NO.2-2A---L

米饭袜子UID: 2532172

NO.2-2 SECTION A ---L


Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.


In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.


That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.


Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
20.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes
(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates
(E) describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean
21.
According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots
(A) can only be found near islands
(B) are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct
(C) are situated closer to the earth’s surface
(D) can be found along the edges of the plates
(E) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas
22.
It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the
(A) contours of the continents
(B) dimensions of ocean hot spots
(C) concurrent movement of two hot spots
(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor
(E) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains
23.
It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that a
(A) hot spot is active
(B) continental plate has moved
(C) continental rupture is imminent
(D) hot spot had been moving very rapidly
(E) volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals
24.
The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?
(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
(B) All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.
(C) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
(D) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.
(E) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.
25.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?
(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
(D) The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.
(E) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.
26.
The author’s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that
(A) hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates
(B) only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot
(C) lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same
(D) the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven
(E) the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult
27.
The author’s style can best be described as
(A) dramatic
(B) archaic
(C) esoteric
(D) objective
(E) humanistic
汇总统计
第一组：A(done~) B C D E F . p& t. i! F: o' g1 T8 o! Z+ Y# Q
第二组：A B C D E F
第三组：A B C D E F

seiranzcc1UID: 2514067

轮空？。。。我来分析下好了
Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.
That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.
Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
20.
The primary purpose of the passage is to（主旨大意题，比较容易）
(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes
(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates（D）
(E) describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean

21.
According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots（细节题，见第一段最后一句话，绿色显示的，比较容易）
(A) can only be found near islands
(B) are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct
(C) are situated closer to the earth’s surface
(D) can be found along the edges of the plates

(E) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas

22.
It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the（细节加推理，红字是题干的关键，据此可以找回第二段（关键句用绿字标了）。第二段其实说了the Pacific plate在hot spot上飘过所形成岛屿的例子，这其实就是证明了板块移动的：板块移动→岩浆形成岛屿→岛屿就是移动路径）
(A) contours of the continents
(B) dimensions of ocean hot spots
(C) concurrent movement of two hot spots
(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor
(E) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains

23.
It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that a（细节题吧，用绿字标过了，在第三段，不是很难）
(A) hot spot is active
(B) continental plate has moved
(C) continental rupture is imminent
(D) hot spot had been moving very rapidly（B）
(E) volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals

24.
The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?（细节题，文中第二段的parallel表明这一点。parallel：a、extending in the same direction, everywhere equidistant, and not meeting;b、similar, analogous or interdependent in tendency or development）
(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
(B) All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.
(C) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
(D) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.（C）
(E) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.

25.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?（推理题，文章里能够证明题干内容的有三四两段，第三段是讲HOT SPOT 对板块移动的证明，例子是岛屿形成；第四段是讲对板块geophysical  process的影响，主要是板块的断裂和海洋形成。当然，题干有关键词mutability可以直接定位最后一段，可以推出答案）
(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
(D) The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.（E）
(E) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.

26.
The author’s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that（细节加推理，红色关键词可以定位到第三段最后两句话。其中用了assume/nearly so之类的词，这其实就是说现在虽然有例子，可以证明它，但还不充分。那么可以证明他的例子是什么？是hot spot is stationary.所以，如果immobility这条不成立，当然就不能证明了）
(A) hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates
(B) only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot
(C) lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same
(D) the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven（D）
(E) the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult

27.
The author’s style can best be described as（科技文章，一般都很客观吧）
(A) dramatic
(B) archaic
(C) esoteric
(D) objective（D）
(E) humanistic


出题点总结
Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.（这三句话是在比较，比较类的说理容易出细节题）
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. （红色的两句是在叙述过程、方法，虽然不会直接出现题目，但是会出现需要理解的推理题，要关注）Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain（又是比较，细节题点）; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.

That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. （与主题相关，并且开始阐述hot spot另一作用，用来定位分析，其后面的内容阐述可能出现细节题）The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. （原理方法，细节加推理）Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.

Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. （另一个作用又出现了，后面的内容有可能出题）When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. （原理方法，细节加推理）In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.

joyceww88UID: 2599492

我不行了，粘贴一楼的会出现一堆貌似乱码的东西
打我那个2772，电脑被强行关机无数次
没办法搞文章了，就题说题吧
20.primary purpose：对文章的总体把握吧。第一段讲的有关hot spots的有关情况，后面开始讲它与motion of plates的关系（其实后面不太懂呃，大概是这样吧）
21.定位在第一段最后一句，特别是后半句那个从句，很显然的
22.在第二段后面找到了configuration，但是我没懂的是mid-ocean是哪来的。这段不是很懂，所以可能钻牛角尖了。我这题是做错了的
23.在倒数第二段找到一个spread out 的短语，前面有“instead of”我答这题的话，就是把instead of 前面半句“is stationary”意思反过来就是答案，即“has moved”
24.文中“paralle”l吧.不过我做的时候也理解偏了，认为那是相似，而题中是“same”还首先排除了这个···
25.题中的“mutability of continental plates”与全文最后一个词对应，我是这么定位的。然后最后一段同样不太懂，但是在附近找到“rupture”等字眼，而E选项中也有那几个字眼，算是猜的吧
26.先通过题干“reconstruct the movement````”定位到倒数第二段后面一部分，一直说的是那些都是“assumption”
27.态度题。这种学术文章，一般不会选“archaic”"esoteric"还有什么漠不关心，狂热之类意思的选项，要尽量客观公正。（XDF老师说的，听起来很有道理啊）而且从文章看来作者态度确实是客观的


看看别人的五颜六色，我这个就觉得自己很汗颜啊。
昨天仅仅是弄电脑上就搞了1.5小时，今天也是不算分析时间搞得这么这么的简陋又是近1个小时。而且不停死机搞得人心情很差。所以，很抱歉的说，这个阅读分析组把我踢了吧，我真的做不到。我会坚持每天分析一篇，但是没法发电脑上了，发电脑上的这个时间快赶上我在自习室呆的时间了。所以，我实在没法每天花两个多小时在电脑上编辑（好吧，我承认我很笨，但是这是客观事实我也没办法）。今天仍然弄个这么恶心的上来是因为我觉得昨天没说，就这么不做不好。但是我只能做到这里了，很不好意思

vidyaUID: 2599950

Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke.（第二段top sentence） It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.
That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.
Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
20.
The primary purpose of the passage is to（主旨题）
(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes
(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates
(E) describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean
21.
According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots（细节题。可以在文章中找到准确位置）
(A) can only be found near islands
(B) are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct
(C) are situated closer to the earth’s surface
(D) can be found along the edges of the plates
(E) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas
22.
It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the（推理题，主要考察队第二段的理解）
(A) contours of the continents
(B) dimensions of ocean hot spots
(C) concurrent movement of two hot spots
(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor
(E) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains
23.
It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that a（细节题）
(A) hot spot is active
(B) continental plate has moved
(C) continental rupture is imminent
(D) hot spot had been moving very rapidly
(E) volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals
24.
The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?
（推理题，同样是考察队第二段的理解）
(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
(B) All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.
(C) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
(D) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.
(E) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.
25.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?（推理题，考查对最后一段的理解）
(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
(D) The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.
(E) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.
26.
The author’s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that（细节题，同第23题考查的一样）
(A) hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates
(B) only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot
(C) lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same
(D) the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven
(E) the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult
27.
The author’s style can best be described as（作者态度题，通读全文可以发现作者并没有太多的主观意见在里面）
(A) dramatic
(B) archaic
(C) esoteric
(D) objective
(E) humanistic


Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely （这个词需注意，这里有可能是考点）found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.（这两句说明了hot spot与volcanoe的区别，需注意）
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke.（第二段top sentence） It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest（注意三个岛屿的走向都是相同的，从东边到西北边）, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.
That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course,
reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so.（这两句话是第三段的核心部分，应该多加注意） Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.
Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, （后面接的例子可能会用来考察细节）the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.

thatllUID: 2538832

Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots. Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.
本段很明确的了hot spot这个概念，并且和其他的volcanoes做对比，指出了两点不同。
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes（死火山） in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course(航线) roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.
本段介绍死火山的成因。举例Hawaiian Islands说明。且提到了另外两个岛屿链这个细节，题目设置点。具体来说就是当太平洋版块从东向西北方向运动时经过一个热点，这个热点提供了熔岩的单一来源，当飘过时，就好像风吹过烟囱一样，形成了一天年龄逐渐变化的火山链，这就是岛屿链的成因，正如Hawaiian Islands和Austral Ridge以及Tuamotu Ridge.
That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed（迭生的） instead of being spread out in chronologica（按时间先后顺序排列的）l sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.
本段首先介绍了问题的背景，然后提出本段的中心，就是Hot spots在判断大陆板块运动时的作用。并且紧接着提出了证据：就是根据上一段的描述，热点和大陆版块的运动会有死火山作为痕迹，故我们可以根据死火山的状态来判断版块的运动情况。当然这个必须有一个前提假设，那就是文章接近着说明的of course，也就是热点是静止的，或者说是几乎静止。而这个假设有很多支持性论据。这就是本段文字的组织方式，层层补充说明。
事实上上一段已经说明了本段论点的一个方面，那就是版块运动的证据：岛屿链。
Beyond acting as frames of reference（参照系）, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
第一句承上启下，前半句很好的概括了前面的内容，就是热点的一大作用，后半句提出了将要论述的热点的第二大作用：影响推动版块移动的地球物理进程。就是当大陆版块在热点上停留的时候，物质将会胀大隆起甚至致使陆地出现裂痕和断裂。

米饭袜子UID: 2532172

2# seiranzcc1


在往电脑上誊这个之前，对那个25题一直晕的什么似的，现在看了大家的分析很清楚了，O(∩_∩)O~还是对seiranccl童鞋的加以补充~

STEP ONE 题目分析（划线部分标号对应后面题目的答案来源）

Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). （21）Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.


In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, （22）over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; （24）they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.


That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. （23）The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption,（26） including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.


Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
20.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes
(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates（D）
(E) describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean
21.
According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots（见划线部分，不赘述）
(A) can only be found near islands
(B) are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct
(C) are situated closer to the earth’s surface
(D) can be found along the edges of the plates（E）
(E) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas
22.
It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the（哇啊啊~这道题我选错了并且现在都不知道原因TT~干扰项B！！）
(A) contours of the continents
(B) dimensions of ocean hot spots
(C) concurrent movement of two hot spots
(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor（E）
(E) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains
23.
It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that a
(A) hot spot is active（这道题需要一定逻辑推理，是个有点难度的题，仔细看会发现题干的意思与文中对应划线部分后半句的意思相反，即文中说的是lavas没有spread out的情况，而题干说的是如果spread out了说明什么 ，那自然是说明和文中前半句意思相反的D了）
(B) continental plate has moved
(C) continental rupture is imminent
(D) hot spot had been moving very rapidly（B）
(E) volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals
24.
The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?（见划线，不赘述）
(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
(B) All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.
(C) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
(D) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.（C）
(E) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.
25.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?（这个纠结的25题呀，大家看yyx童鞋的分析，很清楚！！谢啦~）
(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
(D) The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.（E）
(E) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.
26.
The author’s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that（这个题是逻辑推理加细节呢~为什么说has not been conclusively proven呢？看文中对应句里的重点词prominent，表明只有几个prominent的hot spots是这种情况，所以根本不能证明作者提出的观点~）
(A) hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates
(B) only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot
(C) lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same
(D) the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven（D）
(E) the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult
27.
The author’s style can best be described as（额。。。。。。。话说这个题偶选错咧，掩面地说是因为有几个词不着意思，汗。。。。。在这里特把意思标出来，死也要记住啦！！！）
(A) dramatic（激动人心的，引人注意的）
(B) archaic（过时的，陈旧的）
(C) esoteric（机密的神秘的，难解的）
(D) objective（D）
(E) humanistic（人文主义的）


STEP TWO 出题点猜想与AW借鉴（蓝色为文章分析出题点猜想，绿色为AW值得借鉴滴~）

Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots（这种漂亮的倒装每次看每次赞就是不会用在自己的AW里捏~） (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot). Unlike（一看见这种表反义的词就要小心了，后面八成是出题点，细节题多~） most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise（扩充词汇~） the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.


In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke（类比~类比~写得漂亮！）. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling（动词用法） up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off（表达“产生”该换换啦~） a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains（前面说得好好的，在这里提island chains必然不能白替，肯定要涉及题了~）—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.


That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail（本段TS）. However（前面一句陈述的是客观事实，however之后必然亮出作者观点，这恰是出题点，细节题，推理题都有可能，做好标记~）, the relative motion of the plates with respect to（和。。。有关） the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so（成分省略使表达简洁！！）. Several studies support such an assumption（举例证明前述，可能出细节题）, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.


Beyond acting as frames of reference（我咋就不会用beyond捏~）, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.（TS） When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates（很好的动词用法） the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.


这篇做的着实小晕，至今对22题仍耿耿于怀，筒子们给弱小的偶解答下嘛~

ddcmj519UID: 176326

删乱码删疯了。。。
补作业的孩子终于把阅读补完了。。撒花庆贺下~

绿色好句
紫色分析
咖啡题目关键词提炼
红色题点

Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots 倒装。。没这个意识去写这种高级倒装 . Defination 这句下个定义。Unlike most volcanoes, 对比关系，需要注意。但此开头也暗示了这句讲的只是HS，不是V  hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from 再次区别。这次用一个定从解释了HS和V的特点具体区别other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.

In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that 比喻解释wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age.这么长不出题都诡异 Two other Pacific island chains—the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge—parallel the configuration of 这个题点我倒是真总结不出来。看了题以后再找的。the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.

That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute已成定论; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to至于 the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide解释作用 the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes 假设定论 会出错项 that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.

Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, 举个例了~ the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so 推理了hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.


20.The primary purpose of the passage is to:
主旨题，文中多次涉及这方面推理
(A) describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes5
(B) describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
(C) explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
(D) describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates

(E) describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean

21.According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots
找回原文对比的地方即可。
(A) can only be found near islands
(B) are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct
(C) are situated closer to the earth’s surface
(D) can be found along the edges of the plates
(E) have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas

22.It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the
这题如果找provide就错了。。要找的是pacific
(A) contours of the continents
(B) dimensions of ocean hot spots
(C) concurrent movement of two hot spots
(D) pattern of fissures in the ocean floor
(E) configurations of several mid-ocean island chains

23.It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that
回见chronic。
(A) hot spot is active
(B) continental plate has moved
(C) continental rupture is imminent
(D) hot spot had been moving very rapidly
(E) volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals

24.The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge
专业术语文中只有一次
(A) The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
(B) All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.
(C) The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
(D) The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.
(E) The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.

25.Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?
(A) Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
(B) Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
(C) Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
(D) The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.
(E) The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.

26.The author’s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that
(A) hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates
(B) only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot
(C) lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same
(D) the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven
(E) the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult

27.The author’s style can best be described as
(A) dramatic
(B) archaic
(C) esoteric
(D) objective
(E) humanistic

ddcmj519UID: 176326

再次米写完。。回头补上。。