0910G[Try Best]第一小组 issue13 by nlhust

nlhustUID: 2404239

ISSUE13 - "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."
耗时：？？

中文提纲：
第一段：语言在人类的进化历史中是极其重要的。但是，随着科技和经济的发展，几千种小语种正濒临灭绝，而有些语言如澳大利亚的某些则已经灭绝了。
第二段：语言的灭亡往往伴随着文化的灭亡，因为语言是文化的载体。失去了载体的文化无法被解读。而即使是及时的进行翻译保存也无保     持原语种所表达的意思的完整性。
第三段：失去了自己民族的语言和文化，人们将失去其特性和社会身份，因为人们大部分时候是通过语言和文化来对自己进行社会定位的。而失去了这些，他们将失去归属感。
第四段：为避免上述两种情况发生，政府有必要保护濒危语种。原因：1、必要 2、政府的职责所在 3、只有政府有权利因而有财力经行这项工作
第五段：虽然有人说这样不值得，因为更少的语言更有利于交流，从而会促进经济发展。但是语言的多样性与文化的多样性一旦失去，没有了跨文化交流，人们的思想或许会被束缚。这将阻碍社会发展。因此保护濒危语种并促进文化交流才是最好的选择。


Language is the greatest distinction between humanity and other mammal animals because it enables human to exchange complex ideas and develop logical thinking. It plays an important role in the evolutional history of human society. People in different areas use different languages to communicate and write down their own stories and history for thousands of years. But now, with the rapid development of technology and economy, situation changes. Though being been listed as intangible culture heritage, thousand kinds of lesser-known language are still endangered, and even worse, several indigenous languages have already extinct, just like what happened in Australia.

With the disappearing of languages may comes the diminishment of cultures.  Using the tool of language, our ancestors express their feelings orally, record their everyday life as well as their knowledge about the universe, and create poet, novels, and other performing arts. Through years of accumulation, every nation with a unique language has a rich culture heritage. However, once a kind of language extinct, we will lose the culture belong to it forever, since nobody could explain the meaning of it any more. We now could study the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle because Greek still exist. But what if Greek had disappeared before the theory of those great philosophers were translated into another language? Sometimes, even translation could not help us to preserve a certain aspect of a culture when its language is lost, as for language, it is a universal principle that each language has it unique phrase and expression that could never be replaced. The translation of Chinese poetry into English demonstrate this point.

If these endangered languages extinct finally, people who are the native speaker of such lesser-known language will also lose their social identity. The culture extinction accompanies with the languages extinction. The loss of language equals to the loss of culture identity. Since it is the language and culture that help people define themselves, those, losing their mother tongue, could hardly find their status in the society. Some Australian aborigines are such victims. The invasion of British colonizer seriously diminished the number of Australian indigenous language, leaving lots of native children speaking only English. When growing up, these Australian find they are disdained by native English speakers and also hard to get alone with the older generations who are the native indigenous language speakers. Without their own language, how could these people tell what nation they belong to?

Thus, in order to protect their culture as well as help their citizens win the social status, governments of countries which the endangered languages are spoken should do something to prevent their own languages from disappearing. They should do these because it is urgent to preserve the lesser-known culture right now, and the government is designed to make the decision that will benefit it citizens and improve the economy as well as popularize the nation's culture. What's more, having the power to distribute the national fund, only government could get enough money and human resources and then accomplish such a  mission.

Some may argue that the endangered lesser-known languages don't  worthy of this kind of the government's protection, as fewer languages means better and clearer communications among the majority of speakers and could accelerate the development of economy. But the loss of the diversity of languages will damage the culture variety, and to some extent, it may limited people's thought. No fresh ideas coming about might lead to the stop of social development, not mention to accelerate the global economy. Therefore, preserving their lesser-known language and promoting the communication of different culture might be the optimal choice for the governments.

GG86_FlyUID: 2641450

Language is the greatest distinction between humanity and other mammal animals because it enables human to exchange complex ideas and develop logical thinking. It plays an important role in the evolutional history of human society. People in different areas use different languages to communicate and write down their own stories and histories for thousands of years. But now, with the rapid development of technology and economy, this situation has changed. (用完成时感觉好点吧)Though being been？去掉吧listed as intangible culture heritage, thousand kinds of lesser-known language are still endangered, and even worse, several indigenous languages have already been extinct, just like what has happened in Australia.（我觉得因为没有展开说Australia是怎么一个情况，不提这句也没关系，反正后面也有具体说）


With the disappearing of languages may come the diminishment of cultures.  Using the tool of language, our ancestor express their feelings orally, record their everyday life as well as their knowledge about the universe, and create poem, novels, and other performing arts. Through years of accumulation, every nation with a unique language has a rich culture heritage. However, once a kind of language extinct, we will lose the culture belong to it forever, since nobody could explain the meaning of it any more. We now could study the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle because Greek still exists. But what if Greek had disappeared before the theory of those great philosophers were translated into another language? Sometimes, even translation couldn't help us to preserve a certain aspect of a culture when its language is lost, as for language, it is a universal principle that each language has it unique phrase and expression that could never be replaced. The translation of Chinese poetry into English demonstrates this point.（例子没有展开说下，本来可能要强调loss of language means loss of culture, 但感觉重点都在于translation could not preserve a culture well）

If these endangered languages are extinct finally, people who are(去掉) the native speakers of such lesser-known language will also lose their social identity. The culture extinction accompanies with the languages extinction. The loss of language equals to the loss of culture identity. Since it is the language and culture that help people define themselves, those, losing their mother tongue, could hardly find their status in the society. Some Australian aborigines are the victims. The invasion of British colonizer seriously diminishes the number of Australian indigenous language, leaving lots of native children speaking only English. When growing up, these Australian find they are disdained by native English speakers and also hard to get alone with the older generations who are the native indigenous language speakers. Without their own language, how could people tell which nation they belong to? （例子学习了哈，我也借用下）

Thus, in order to protect their culture as well as help their citizens win the social status, governments of countries in which the endangered languages are spoken should do something to prevent their own language from disappearing. It is urgent to preserve the lesser-known culture right now. And the government is designed to？（怎么理解这个）make the decision that will benefit its citizens and improve the economy as well as popularize the nation's culture. What's more, only government could accomplish such a mission, because it has the power to distribute the national fund and then get enough money and human resources.（应该重点在于only government吧，论述的不太详细）

Some may argue that the endangered lesser-known languages aren’t worthy of such kind of the government's protection, as fewer languages means better and clearer communications among the majority of speakers and could accelerate the development of economy. But the loss of the diversity of languages will damage the culture variety, and to some extent, it may limit people's thought. No fresh ideas bringing in might lead to the stop of social development, not mention to (let alone accelerating) accelerate the global economy. Therefore, preserving their lesser-known language and promoting the communication of different culture might be the optimal choice for the governments.

结尾最好再来个总结，最后一段我感觉放在倒数第二段会好点，不然会显得像文章没有写完，有些例子我借用了，除了一些小的错误，文章还是很流畅的。

nlhustUID: 2404239

嗯，谢谢！这么快就改完了，太感动了... 我也要加油了！！

heliappleUID: 2621347

1# nlhust
Language is the greatest distinction between humanity and other mammal animals because it enables human to exchange complex ideas and develop logical thinking. It plays an important role in the evolutional history of human society (the evolution of human society).应该是对人类社会的演化起着重要的作用吧。 People in different areas use different languages to communicate and write down their own stories and history for thousands of years. But now (However), with the rapid development of technology and economy, situation changes. But 是个连词，所以用于一个独立句的前面是不合适的Though being been listed (being listed) as intangible culture heritage, thousand kinds of lesser-known language are still endangered, and even worse, several indigenous languages have already extinct, just like what happened in Australia.

With the disappearing of languages may comes (come) the diminishment of cultures.  Using the tool of language, our ancestors express their feelings orally, record their everyday life as well as their knowledge about the universe, and create poet, novels, and other performing arts. Through years of accumulation, every nation with a unique language has a rich culture heritage. However, once a kind of language extinct, we will lose the culture belong to it forever, since nobody could explain the meaning of it any more. We now could study the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle because Greek still exists. But what if Greek had disappeared before the theory of those great philosophers were translated into another language? Sometimes, even translation could not help us to preserve a certain aspect of a culture when its language is lost, as for language, it is a universal principle that each language has it unique phrase and expression that could never be replaced. The translation of Chinese poetry into English demonstrate (demonstrates) this point. 这一段主要阐释语言的消失会引起文明的陨落。但是我觉得这样不够透彻，文化的消亡对社会，对人类会有多大的影响呢？全世界有９６％的语言可以被定义为lesser Known,　而这些语言大多数属于在游牧民族或者生活在及其偏远地区的人们的语言。他们鲜少和外界沟通，而且生产力十分落后，所以基本上对现代文明的发展机会没有起到过任何作用。对于这些只有一个部落大概１０００多人掌握的语言，我们有什么理由一定要去保护他呢？

If these endangered languages extinct finally, people who are the native speaker of such lesser-known language will also lose their social identity. The culture extinction accompanies with the languages extinction. The loss of language equals to the loss of culture identity. Since it is the language and culture that help people define themselves, those, losing their mother tongue, could hardly find their status in the society. Some Australian aborigines are such victims. The invasion of British colonizer seriously diminished the number of Australian indigenous language, leaving lots of native children speaking only English. When growing up, these Australian find they are disdained by native English speakers and also hard to get alone with the older generations who are the native indigenous language speakers. Without their own language, how could these people tell what nation they belong to? 关于语言和认同感的问题，我觉得举土著被歧视的例子不是很有力。一个民族被另一个民族征服，被歧视，归根到底是因为生产力落后。如果他们在被侵占了之后，还是没有机会改善自己的生存状况，比如看出了自己民族和别人的差距，而努力学习，掌握了先进的科学文化知识，获得了体面的工作，客观的收入，他们还会因为是土著的原因而被人歧视吗？就算掌握了自己的语言，而别的方面没有改变，他们不会再被歧视，就会生活的好了吗？

Thus, in order to protect their culture as well as help their citizens win the social status, governments of countries which the endangered languages are spoken should do something to prevent their own languages from disappearing. They should do these because it is urgent to preserve the lesser-known culture right now, and the government is designed to make the decision that will benefit it citizens and improve the economy as well as popularize the nation's culture. What's more, having the power to distribute (of distributing) the national fund, only government could get enough money and human resources and then accomplish such a mission.  Lesser-known的语言在一个国家使用的人相对而言还是很少的，拯救这样的语言也许对他的族人来说是好事，但是对其他公民是吗？而且国家为什么有责任呢？关于这些还是没有说清楚。

Some may argue that the endangered lesser-known languages don't  worthy of this kind of the government's protection, as fewer languages means better and clearer communications among the majority of speakers and could accelerate the development of economy. But the loss of the diversity of languages will damage the culture variety, and to some extent, it may limited (limit) people's thought. No fresh ideas coming about might lead to the stop of social development, not mention to accelerate the global economy. Therefore, preserving their lesser-known language and promoting the communication of different culture might be the optimal choice for the governments.
这段转折还是挺好的，说明了这个问题的复杂性。但是我觉得纵观整篇文章，论述还是不能让人信服。涉及到的证据挺多，但是在证明自己观点的时候不深入。我好像变成给文章找茬了，但是这些问题也是我在写这篇issue的时候自己一直在想的问题，也是困扰我思维的问题。我觉得如果能把这些问题阐释清楚，肯定能让文章更加深刻的