ARGUMENT@@A DREAM@@第一次作业BY Cherry

cherry_916UID: 2621641

Argument 173

64minutes
546 words
一、题目翻译：
过去三年中我们的销量最低的几期杂志是在封面上刊登了国际新闻故事的那几期。在同一时期，与我们竞争的集中新闻刊物显著减少了刊登在封面上的国际新闻数量。而且，我们用于维持国外部报导国际新闻的费用正在增加。因此，我们应该减少对于国际新闻的强调并且避免把这类信息刊登在杂志的封面上。
二、Argument 173 提纲
1、
把杂志社过去三年销量最低的原因归咎到在封面上刊登国际新闻故事上去，显然是不明智的，导致销量低就很多种原因，首先那几期刊登的国际新闻并不吸引读者，同样在那段时间，并没有发生重大的国际新闻。其次，读者并不是因为封面上是否刊登的国际新闻故事而不买杂志的，可能因为杂志纸张质量不如从前，杂志内其他内容也没有意义 。
2、
说与我们竞争的几种新闻刊物减少了刊登在封面上的国际新闻数量，并没有说这几种新闻刊物的销量如何，可能还不如 Newsbeat杂志在封面上刊登国际新闻故事的那几期的销量。同时，并没有说与Newsbeat竞争的那几家杂志之前所在封面上刊登国际新闻数量的大小，可能明显减少了国际新闻数量，在总体上看仍然很多。
3、
因为用于维持国外部报导国际新闻的费用正在增加，Newsbeat杂志应该避免将这类消息刊登在杂志封面上也是不合理的。未曾考虑因为报导国际新闻而给杂志社带来的利益，如广告费或者因为报导吸引人的国际新闻带来销量的增加，这样即使维持国外部报导国际新闻的费用增加，杂志社付出的费用并不一定要比原来多。
三、正文
The publisher of a newsmagazine, Newsbeat claims that their magazine should place less emphasis on international news and refrain from displaying such stories on their magazine covers for the following reasons:1) the magazine issues which were considered to be the poorest-selling over the past three years were those that featured international news stories on their front covers;2) in the meantime, their competing news-magazines have tremendously decreased the amount of cover stories that they were in favor of international news;3) with the increasing cost of maintaining their foreign bureaus to report on international news, Newsbeat should cut down the number of international news. I find this argument logically unconvincing in three critical respects.

In the first place, a direct correlation between the poorest-selling magazine issues and those that featured international news stories on their covers does not necessarily prove the latter causes the former. The reasons why those magazine issues were regarded as the poorest-selling might be connected with a variety of other factors. On the one hand, the international news stories which were reported on the front covers could not fascinate the readers’ attentions and there were little meaningful international news could be reported at that time as well. On the other hand, the readers who didn't want to buy the Newsbeat's magazines might be affected by the quality of the magazines’ papers or the other monotonous and drab contents of those magazines instead of the international news on the front covers. Therefore the author must account for all other possible factors leading the poorest-selling magazine issues.

The second problem with this argument is that the author didn't mention any precise number of the cover stories that Newsbeat's competing news-magazines devote to international news. Consquencely, if the competing news-magazines have decreased the quantities of the international news considerably, it doesn't mean that the total number of the international news overweighed the amounts of that news in Newsbeat's. What's more, sales volume which has not been recorded on the Newsbeat's competing news-magazines that they were fond of international news was much higher by contrasting to the Newsbeat's magazines. Since the publisher of Newsbeat has not provided evidence that this is the case I remain unconvinced by this newsmagazine's claim.

Thirdly, the publisher of Newsbeat relies on the unsubstantiated assumption that the cost of maintaining their foreign bureau to report on international news is increasing which has been influenced by the international news on the covers. Even if the cost of maintaining the foreign bureau would rise rapidly, the publisher of Newsbeat might ignore the possibility that the margin which would be stem from the report of the international news, such as the advertising fees and the increasing sales volume so as to the international news might exceed the cost of maintaining fees. On balance, the mere fact that the maintaining fees were influenced by the international news hardly suffices to assure me.

In sum, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. Before I can accept the publisher's claim, the argument's proponent must provide better evidence that the international news on the magazine's covers have directly correlations with the poorest sales .we would also need more information about that given the cost of maintaining foreign bureau is increasing, refraining from displaying such stories as international news is reasonable.

112810asUID: 2646494

The publisher of a newsmagazine, Newsbeat claims that their magazine should place less emphasis on international news and refrain from displaying such stories on their magazine covers for the following reasons:1) the magazine issues which were considered to be the poorest-selling over the past three years were those that featured international news stories on their front covers;2) in the meantime, their competing news-magazines have tremendously decreased the amount of cover stories that they were in favor of international news;3) with the increasing cost of maintaining their foreign bureaus to report on international news, Newsbeat should cut down the number of international news. I find this argument logically unconvincing in three critical respects.

In the first place, a direct correlation between the poorest-selling magazine issues and those that featured international news stories on their covers does not necessarily prove the latter causes the former. The reasons why those magazine issues were regarded as the poorest-selling might be connected with a variety of other factors. On the one hand, the international news stories which were reported on the front covers could not fascinate the readers’ attentions
(可能是因为封面的国际新闻没有吸引力，我觉得你说的不够，因为你得这一句话可能会反而证明作者的论断是对的，我觉得你还要说换一些更实际的，国际关注的新闻) and there were little meaningful international news could be reported at that time as well. On the other hand, the readers who didn't want to buy the Newsbeat's magazines might be affected by the quality of the magazines’ papers or the other monotonous and drab contents of those magazines instead of the international news on the front covers. Therefore the author must account for all other possible factors leading the poorest-selling magazine issues.

The second problem with this argument is that the author didn't mention any precise number of the cover stories that Newsbeat's competing news-magazines devote to international news. Consquencely, if the competing news-magazines have decreased the quantities of the international news considerably, it doesn't mean that the total number of the international news overweighed the amounts of that news in Newsbeat's. What's more, sales volume which has not been recorded on the Newsbeat's competing news-magazines that they were fond of international news was much higher by contrasting to the Newsbeat's magazines. Since the publisher of Newsbeat has not provided evidence that this is the case I remain unconvinced by this newsmagazine's claim.

Thirdly, the publisher of Newsbeat relies on the unsubstantiated assumption that the cost of maintaining their foreign bureau to report on international news is increasing which has been influenced by the international news on the covers. Even if the cost of maintaining the foreign bureau would rise rapidly, the publisher of Newsbeat might ignore the possibility that the margin which would be stem from the report of the international news, such as the advertising fees and the increasing sales volume so as to the international news might exceed the cost of maintaining fees. On balance, the mere fact that the maintaining fees were influenced by the international news hardly suffices to assure me. (foreign bureaus是用来干什么的？我的理解是用来获取新闻的，好比是在外地设的一个新闻获取处，应该不会牵涉到广告费吧？)

In sum, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. Before I can accept the publisher's claim, the argument's proponent must provide better evidence that the international news on the magazine's covers have directly correlations with the poorest sales .we would also need more information about that given the cost of maintaining foreign bureau is increasing, refraining from displaying such stories as international news is reasonable.

cherry_916UID: 2621641

Argument 242   words: 546
Owing to the dramatic increase in cheating among college and university students, the editorial concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton’s for the following reasons:1)this code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated;2)an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported in an old-fashioned system, but in the first year the Groveton’s honor code was in place, students reported twenty-one cases of cheating and this figure had dropped to fourteen in the next five years.3)a multitude of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without in a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council. I find this argument specious on several grounds.
In the first place, even if the author claims that the honor code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors; it doesn’t mean that the students in colleges and universities would not cheat in their examinations. We know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing, to keep it is far more difficult. There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise. As a consequence, if the author who wants to convince us should provide many evidence to support that the college and university students could conform their promise.
In the second place, this assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison about the cases of cheating when the honor code was in place between the first year and five years later, there are many dissimilarities as well. Although the figure had dropped to fourteen five yeas later, the author provides insufficient evidence that there was a downward trend per year in this period, the cases of cheating might reach to 30 or more in the fourth year.
In the third place, the cases of cheating which was reported by the old-fashioned system is dubious, the institutions might conceal the virtual number of cheating cases .Similarly, the students reported twenty-one cases of cheating in the first year which might just a small part of all cases of cheating. Therefore, if this question was leading, the results would be greatly unconvincing.
In the fourth place, Since the arguer makes a claim that a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without, in general, samples for the survey should be statistically reliable .Unfortunately, from the survey we find little sign of such procedures for samplings, thus doubting whether the respondents constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college.
On balance, the author should provide sufficient evidence that the college and university students could fulfill their promise. Furthermore, there should be a recommendation by the author that it was a downward trend of cases of cheating per year during this five years to prove which the honor code was far more successful and the cases of cheating which was reported was virtually. In the end, the respondents should constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college. Consquencely, the honor code of Groveton College has proven far more successful than the old-fashioned system.

cherry_916UID: 2621641

Argument 242   words: 546
Owing to the dramatic increase in cheating among college and university students, the editorial concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton’s for the following reasons:1)this code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated;2)an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported in an old-fashioned system, but in the first year the Groveton’s honor code was in place, students reported twenty-one cases of cheating and this figure had dropped to fourteen in the next five years.3)a multitude of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without in a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council. I find this argument specious on several grounds.
In the first place, even if the author claims that the honor code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors; it doesn’t mean that the students in colleges and universities would not cheat in their examinations. We know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing, to keep it is far more difficult. There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise. As a consequence, if the author who wants to convince us should provide many evidence to support that the college and university students could conform their promise.
In the second place, this assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison about the cases of cheating when the honor code was in place between the first year and five years later, there are many dissimilarities as well. Although the figure had dropped to fourteen five yeas later, the author provides insufficient evidence that there was a downward trend per year in this period, the cases of cheating might reach to 30 or more in the fourth year.
In the third place, the cases of cheating which was reported by the old-fashioned system is dubious, the institutions might conceal the virtual number of cheating cases .Similarly, the students reported twenty-one cases of cheating in the first year which might just a small part of all cases of cheating. Therefore, if this question was leading, the results would be greatly unconvincing.
In the fourth place, Since the arguer makes a claim that a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without, in general, samples for the survey should be statistically reliable .Unfortunately, from the survey we find little sign of such procedures for samplings, thus doubting whether the respondents constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college.
On balance, the author should provide sufficient evidence that the college and university students could fulfill their promise. Furthermore, there should be a recommendation by the author that it was a downward trend of cases of cheating per year during this five years to prove which the honor code was far more successful and the cases of cheating which was reported was virtually. In the end, the respondents should constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college. Consquencely, the honor code of Groveton College has proven far more successful than the old-fashioned system.

cherry_916UID: 2621641

Argument 242   words: 546
Owing to the dramatic increase in cheating among college and university students, the editorial concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton’s for the following reasons:1)this code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated;2)an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported in an old-fashioned system, but in the first year the Groveton’s honor code was in place, students reported twenty-one cases of cheating and this figure had dropped to fourteen in the next five years.3)a multitude of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without in a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council. I find this argument specious on several grounds.
In the first place, even if the author claims that the honor code calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors; it doesn’t mean that the students in colleges and universities would not cheat in their examinations. We know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing, to keep it is far more difficult. There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise. As a consequence, if the author who wants to convince us should provide many evidence to support that the college and university students could conform their promise.
In the second place, this assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison about the cases of cheating when the honor code was in place between the first year and five years later, there are many dissimilarities as well. Although the figure had dropped to fourteen five yeas later, the author provides insufficient evidence that there was a downward trend per year in this period, the cases of cheating might reach to 30 or more in the fourth year.
In the third place, the cases of cheating which was reported by the old-fashioned system is dubious, the institutions might conceal the virtual number of cheating cases .Similarly, the students reported twenty-one cases of cheating in the first year which might just a small part of all cases of cheating. Therefore, if this question was leading, the results would be greatly unconvincing.
In the fourth place, Since the arguer makes a claim that a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without, in general, samples for the survey should be statistically reliable .Unfortunately, from the survey we find little sign of such procedures for samplings, thus doubting whether the respondents constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college.
On balance, the author should provide sufficient evidence that the college and university students could fulfill their promise. Furthermore, there should be a recommendation by the author that it was a downward trend of cases of cheating per year during this five years to prove which the honor code was far more successful and the cases of cheating which was reported was virtually. In the end, the respondents should constitute a sufficiently large sample so as to be representative of the overall population of the Groveton’s college. Consquencely, the honor code of Groveton College has proven far more successful than the old-fashioned system.