0910G[Splendid Sun] 第3次作业 ISSUE190 By 影子

yangmiyingUID: 2317868

I190.As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the
basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the
arts is inappropriate-and, perhaps, even cruel-when one considers all the
potential uses of such money.
一旦人们陷于饥饿、失业或者缺乏谋生的基本技能，运用公共资源去扶持艺术是很不恰当的--并且甚至是残忍的--尤其明知这些资金

所有可能的用途。

提纲：
开头：先让步，再阐明自己是不赞成这观点的。
1、在特定情况下，承认作者观点。如果物质基础问题很严重的情况下，还花大笔的钱在艺术事业上是不仁道的。试想当大部分穷人还处于为温饱而奔波时，政府却将钱用于建造艺术馆、美术馆、音乐厅等上面，不仅会使社会矛盾更加激化，大众人民也会对政府、国家不满。因此，对于一个还处于发展时期的民族来说，更需要去扶持基础事业。另外，艺术事业可以由比较富裕和热爱艺术的个人或组织去发展，他们往往对艺术的思想比政府官僚人员强，具有更明确的目标与能力，可以把艺术事业发展的更好。而公共资源最好用于帮助失业、无助的人们去提高生活水平。
2、然而，这些问题是一直存在的，不可能在短期内解决。首先，从发展水平来说，不管哪个国家，饥饿、失业等问题都存在。哪怕是在比较富裕或高科技的国家，依然有较多为生计所迫的穷人。如果政府只致力于解决这些问题，而不支持艺术事业，会使这些国家的人民生活质量匮乏。第二，从时间上来说，任何一个历史时期，这些社会基本问题都普遍存在。也就是说，不管政府投入多少钱来扶助基础事业，这些问题都长期存在，无法在短期内解决。如果要等到这些问题都解决了再去扶持艺术，都不知道要等到多久以后了，这是很不现实的问题。
3、另外，艺术在某些方面来说能促进社会经济发展，从而帮助解决那些社会基础问题。如film、concert等等。拍一部电影或举办一场音乐会为很多人提供了工作，用这种方式减缓了失业问题，例如好莱坞电影。第二，娱乐事业也为政府添了不少收入，这些收入可以用来帮助基础问题。
4、最后，艺术也是人类精神财富的体现，是能促进人类快乐、健康的因素，更是民族文化的象征，国家的荣誉体现。引用某某艺术家的名言来说明艺术的重要性。这是人与动物的区别之一，例如，再高级的动物也只是为了适应生存而活动，而哪怕是原始人类也懂得陶艺等艺术。
结尾：In sum，blabla～

The issue that whether the public resources should be used to support the arts has aroused much controversy among people with different perspectives and backgrounds. I concede that when it comes to the use of public resources, the fundamental human need has adequate reasons to be given the first priority, especially in those societies which still exist many people lacking the basic skills to survive. However, this viewpoint fails to take into consideration of certain economic and societal benefits that accrue when the public resources are well organized to support the arts.

This issue is true in some cases, when the social sources are in extreme scarcity. Never should any government spend taxpayers’ money building museums or music halls while citizens are working day in and day out to feed themselves. Otherwise, the social contradiction and people’s discontent towards government and country will be intensified. According to Adam Smith’s economic theory, arts, as superstructure of a society, must be based on infrastructure. Hence, what a growing society needs is to boost the development of infrastructure such as social welfare and stability. Besides, art could be supported by those who love it, and are more willing to devote to it and capable of handling it, while public resources could be put into better use of helping the unemployed and improve people’s life.

Turning first to the social problems, it is impossible to eliminate hunger and unemployment even if all the public resources are used to help to satisfy the basic needs, since the problem of food, clothing and shelter is almost an everlasting problem in most countries. First, even in the most developed countries，there still exist a large number of people plugging along but still being poorly off, the phenomenon of which will not be fade in the near future. If the government never put money to support the art, people will fall into great lack of spiritual fulfillments, which lead to other social problems. Besides, it is unpractical to postpone public arts funding until all the basic social problems being solved, which means, no mater how much sum of money are being put to improve the basic living condition of people, the complete elimination of hunger will be impossible.

Turning next to the art, in some ways, art is an effective tool to promote societal and economic development, then helps to solve the fundamental social problems. Arts industries, such as film, concert and painting exhibition, provide countless jobs for people. Consider the Hollywood film, if Hollywood stop to make films, thousands of film-industry workers will lose jobs. Even the actors, directors will have to find other ways to making a living, not only to say the cleaners. Furthermore, these kinds of arts create much income for the government, which can also help to deal with the fundamental social problems. The statistics show that the art exhibitions made by French government attract numerous art lovers from all over the world every year. And the income of entrance tickets can make a lot of money.

Moreover, art, an expression of people's passions, emotions and desires, for the purpose of brings a particular emotion or mood, will have a better effect of educating and entertaining with the support of public resources. Confucius, one of the most famous ideologists in ancient China, has also put a great emphasis on appreciation of public arts. He has definitely stated that people are more willing to learn spirits form the leading character in the literary works, compared to the teacher-to-student education.

yangmiyingUID: 2317868

I190自改结果：
The issue that whether the public resources should be used (utilized/employed) to support the arts has aroused much controversy among people with different perspectives and backgrounds. I concede that when it comes to the use of public resources, the fundamental human need has adequate (sufficient/plentful) reasons to be given the first priority, especially in those societies still with many people lacking basic skills to survive. However, this viewpoint fails to take into consideration (of) certain economic and societal benefits that accrue when the public resources are well organized to support the arts.

This issue is true in some cases. Never should any government spend taxpayers’ money building museums or music halls while citizens are working day in and day out to feed themselves, when the social resources are in extreme scarcity. Otherwise, the social contradiction and people’s discontent towards government and country will be intensified. According to Adam Smith’s economic theory, arts, as superstructure of a society, must be based on infrastructure. Hence, what a growing society needs is to boost the development of infrastructure such as social welfare and stability. Besides, art could be supported by those who love it, and are more willing to devote to it and capable of handling it, while public resources could be put into better use of helping the unemployed and improve people’s life.

(Yet it is rash to say that supporting arts by public resources is inappropriate.) To begin with, from the perspective of sociology, it is impossible to eliminate hunger and unemployment even if all the public resources are used to help satisfy the basic needs, since the problems of food, clothing and shelter are almost everlasting problems in most countries(regions). (很突然) Even in developed countries such as U.S., there still live a large number of people plugging along but still poorly off, and the phenomenon will not fade in the near future. If the government never sponsor the arts, people would be in lack of spiritual fulfillments, which may possibly give rise to other social problems. Besides, it is unpractical to postpone public arts funding until all the basic social problems are solved, which means(namely/that is to say), no matter how much sum of money are utilized to improve the basic public living condition(living standard) of citizens(the public), it is still impossible to completely solve the huger and unemployment problems.

Moreover, in some ways, arts is an effective tool to promote societal and economic development, then helps to solve the fundamental social problems. Arts industries, such as movies, music and paintings, provide countless occupations for people (改成the local residents). Consider the Hollywood film, if Hollywood stops to make(making) movies, thousands of film-industry(改成movie-related) workers (employees) will lose jobs. Even the actors, directors will have to find other ways to making livings, not only to say the (改成let alone) cleaners. Furthermore, these(this) kind of arts create（改成brings） much income for the government, which can also help(改成helping) deal with the fundamental social problems. The statistics shows that the FestivalinCannes attracts numerous movie lovers from all over the world every year. And the income of entrance tickets can make a lot of money.(And the entrance tickets bring huge income to French government. )

Furthermore, arts, an expression of people's passions, emotions and desires(aspirations), will have a better effect of (改成upon) education and entertainment with the support of public resources. Confucius, one of the most famous Chinese ideologists, has also put a great emphasis on appreciation of arts. He has definitely stated that people are more willing to learn from the leading character in the literary works, compared to (改成rather than) the teacher-to-student education.

yangmiyingUID: 2317868

A217The following appeared in a brochure promoting the purchase of local franchises for a national chain of gyms.

"Now is the time to invest in a Power-Lift Gym franchise so that you can profit from opening one of our gyms in your town. Consider the current trends: Power-Lift Gyms are already popular among customers in 500 locations, and national surveys indicate increasing concern with weight loss and physical fitness. Furthermore, last year's sales of books and magazines on personal health totaled more than $50 million, and purchases of home exercise equipment almost doubled. Investing now in a Power-Lift Gym franchise will guarantee a quick profit."

提纲：1、the current trends do not mean residents in town will go to the gym for sports.
      2、the author fails to consider the market competition of GYM and P's advantages to others, the risk. It is difficult to survive in a place full of competitors even if the current trends.
      

In this argument, the author advocates the local citizens to invest in a Power-Lift Gym franchise, from which a quick profit will be made. This recommendation is based on the current trends that Power-Lift Gyms are already popular in 500 locations and people are increasingly concerned the issue of weight loss and physical fitness . Moreover, the author cites national surveys in which statistic show that the purchases of books and magazines related to personal health as well as the home exercise equipment are obviously increased. This argument is unconvincing for several critical aspects.

To start with, the current trends mentioned by the author prove little that citizens in the town are willing to consume on body-building in the gym. First, although Power-Lift Gyms are popular in 500 locations, it does not mean that they will be accepted by the local residents. A specific survey should be made to observe local citizen's attitude to participation in the gym, and then to decide whether it is appropriate to open a gym in the town. Second, the increasing concern with physical fitness indicated by national surveys is insufficient to show that people are willing to take exercise in the gym, it can not rule out the possibility that they prefer to lose weight by adjusting the food habits, or keep fit by taking exercise in the open air. Third, the increase of consumption on exercise equipment and health-related books are vague to support the recommendation. It is very likely that people prefer to do sports at home instead of in the gym, since it is more convenient at home and they can take exercise at any time as they wish.

Furthermore, the author fails to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of Power-Lift Gym compared to other gyms, which may not support the recommendation that investors can make a quick profit. Even if residents in the town will consume on the gym, would they choose the Power-Lift Gym but not other gyms? How can Power-Lift Gym be a competitive one to guarantee a quick profit? In the world full of competitions, a company is difficult to survive unless it utilizes a set of advanced equipments, or adopt a higher technology and management mode than other companies of the same field. Though the Power-Lift Gyms are already popular in 500 locations, there is no evidence showing that all or most of the Power-Lift Gyms are in good operations and have made quick profits. This author provides no information about the Power-Lift Gym and the competitors, and hence lacks the evidence to support the recommendation.

In conclusion, this argument lacks persuasion because the current trends provided by the author do not lend strong support that gyms will be welcome in the town, since citizens may not like to spend money on physical exercise. What is more, to strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide more evidence concerning the information of the Power-Lift Gym, the comparison with other gyms and the risk the investor may take.