草木教程之《段落的逻辑顺序问题》笔记及读后感
这篇文章主要是论述逻辑顺序的问题。在INTRO的ARGUMENT部分有关于顺序的陈述“When you've gone as far as you can with your analysis, look over the notes and put them in a good order for discussion (perhaps by numbering them). Then write a critique by fully developing each of your points in turn.”虽然是关于ARGUMENT的,但是ISSUE写作中的例子顺序同样也要有一个合理的安排。何谓good order呢?文章用大量篇幅就重要性升序、降序以及逻辑顺序这三种主要顺序进行了对比,然后得出的结论是按照合理的顺序,说清楚意思就好。这个结论其实让人很失望的,辛辛苦苦看了半天得出个折衷的结论,感觉前面那些论证过程是废话。不过,还好后边提了些关键,实战中的顺序选不是这么简单,这些复杂顺序叫做the flow of mind(根据论证的思路排序)。这大概也就是INTRO阐述的good order的含义吧,就是你能让你的文章顺理成章就OK。 关于处理复杂顺序的三“W”法,INTRO有相关的陈述: “What reasons might someone use to refute or undermine my position?
How should I acknowledge or defend against those views in my essay?”
三“W”法是:
What evidence shows that the phenomenon described by your thesis is true?
How does the thesis stand up to the challenge of a counter-argument?
Why does your interpretation of a phenomenon matter to anyone beside you?
两组中What和How是分别对应的,都是说要你考虑明白可能受到的质疑,以及如何去反驳以支持自己的观点。Why 提出的观点是要事例的普遍适用性,不要只是局限于特例,要让读者觉得所有人都恩那个接受。在回答Why的同时你的文章也阐释了其自身的重要性。这和一个科学理论差不多吧,一个理论如果只是研究它的人懂得,别人无法理解,那么它会被认可吗?
接下来就是谈到文章地图法。ESSAY MAP的作用:Essay maps ask you to predict where your reader will expect background information, counter-argument, close analysis of a primary source, or a turn to secondary source material.
基本框架是:
1. State your thesis in a sentence or two, then write another sentence saying why it's important to make that claim.
主题要简洁,这是上边已经详细阐述过的。
2. Begin your next sentence like this: "To be convinced by my claim, the first thing a reader needs to know is . . ."
段落+例子,这是每段论述的基本模式。
3. Begin each of the following sentences like this: "The next thing my reader needs to know is . . ."
接下来的段落主题+例子,关于段落主题上边也已详细阐述,不再赘述。
4. Your map should naturally take you through some preliminary answers to the basic questions of what, how, and why.
总起来说,我对这篇文章的理解还不是很深刻,还需要进一步研究。毕竟这是前辈的心血,草木都说了,要读N多次才能成为绝世写作高手。仅是对一些笔记进行自己的理解陈述。 |