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发表于 2011-9-21 17:31:10
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红色为听写错误
绿色为拼写错误
蓝色不发音
绛红为生词,忘记的单词
紫色为漏词
阴影为词组
下划线为连读,弱读等
Anthropology: Gypsies
Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.
Today I would like to discuss an interesting group of somewhat nomadic people called the Gypsies. A roaming cultural group called the Dom, led their lives in India and nowadays has become known as the gypsies. Through recording dating from as far back as the sixth century, we know the Dom performed various specialized jobs such as basket-making, metal-making, and fortune telling by traveling a circuit through several small villages each year.
The word gypsy can be found in several other languages such as German, French, Italian and Hungarian匈牙利. Currently, the earliest recording of Gypsies in Europe, dated 1068, were found in a monastery in Greece. These recording document events took place in Constantinople君士坦丁堡in the year 1050. For the next 200 years, the Gypsies wandered southwest into Arabia and North Africa, northwest into the Byzantine Empire and finally established themselves in the southern Balkan countries such as Serbia, Moldavia, Bulgaria and Hungary before 1300. After Kublai Khan 's忽必烈 death in 1294, the Mongolian Empire began its decline and the borders began to move east, thereby reducing pressure on Europe and allowing the Gypsies to expand more rapidly than the previous two hundred years. They entered modern-day Yugoslavia before 1362, and covered the Balkans by 1400. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries proved to be good times and full of happiness for the Gypsies. Before the conquest of the Ottoman Turks, the Gypsies lived in Thrace, Macedonia, Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania.
These happy days would soon come to an end. Because the Turkish invasions, some Gypsies were forced into Venetian territories such as Crete and Corfu. Fortunately, their annual dues rose along with the increase in population in Corfu. With an increase in population and annual income came an independent area of land in 1470 ruled by a lord named Michael de Hugot, who lasted until the nineteenth century. Unfortunately the Gypsies in the Balkans were not quite as lucky. Although they had important jobs such as blacksmiths, locksmiths and tinsmiths, and were basically middle-class, the government declared them slaves to prevent them from escaping. These Gypsies could be sold, exchanged or given away, and any Romanian man or woman who married a Gypsy became a slave too. They were finally emancipated in the nineteenth century. Before the fifteenth century, Gypsies were known as quiet, shy and not very organized. They also seemed hesitant to travel into Western Europe. This all changed over a twenty-year period, beginning in 1417. During this time they began to move in a purposeful way toward Western Europe and even began to call attention to themselves. Various Gypsy groups began to display some unity of action and connection with each other through telling different stories.
Some say the Turkish invasion of the Balkans in the early 1400's led to this bizarre behavior. Once the invasion was over, the Gypsies themselves likely wouldn't have been affected in the long run under Turkish rule because the Turks believed in leaving civilian populations free as long as they paid taxes to them. However, the Gypsies may have moved toward Western Europe because some of the Gypsy leaders could not serve under the Turks due to their great loss of power under Turkish rule. The reason behind the change is unclear, but the Gypsies began to move into central Europe in great numbers, but not without causing some problems.
Some Gypsies falsely claimed to be Egptian and some claimed that they were Christians left to roam the country side as a form of absolution for their sin of ignoring their religion. These lies allowed them to collect food, money and letters of protection from a city and then they would continue to the next town using the same lies. By 1427, the Gypsies had traveled through Germany, Brussels, Holland, Rome, Spain and Paris.
By this time, many of the leaders caught on to the Gypsies thefts and lies and began banning them.
There are also recordings of Gypsies in the British Isles, Norway, Finland and Siberia.
Blacksmith 铁匠,locksmith 锁匠, tinsmith 锡匠,absolution 赦免 emancipate 解放,sin 过失
昨天听完,国家名听得晕乎乎的,直接轰倒,读了几遍,要注意的用下划线标记了。
听得时候,耳朵的容量太小了,听得出,记不住,这边进,那边出!!!
没了~~吃饭去了~~ |
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