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Argument 26
With the investigation of this argument’s ratiocination, we can draw a conclusion that the Saluda school board author considered that Mr. Charles Schade, as a music director in the Steel City High School, make them won the regional band competition and improved quality of the music rehearsal facilities and music instrument during his position. Nevertheless, the arguer’s illation at least depends on the unquestionable hypotheses: First, there was directed necessity relationship between the two elements; secondly, with the exclusion of Mr. Charles Schade, there is no other factors resulted in the complexion. However, it is a pity that the assumption was not convincing.
First and foremost, the original reason exposition that Schade result Steel's band has won three regional awards and that the school's facilities and instruments have improved markedly is just because Schade is a partial data, the latter is a whole conclusions. But we know that fraction data did not necessarily reflect on the whole, and the overall conclusions do not necessarily represent partial, because it is part of nature, with its overall general, otherwise it can be assumed that such a fact: It was occasion that somebody in the shop found a bad apple, if the original is correct, we can draw a conclusion that: each apple in this shop was bad, but this is a very ridiculous conclusions! There is no better example of Michael Jordan,as a team leader of Chicago Bulls, in 1991-1993 got the NBA champion "three consecutive championships", in 1996-1998 led the Bulls team also won three NBA champion. But when he was a Wizards team captain, he failed to lead the Wizards team into the NBA finals. This really a lively example which will tell us, people are non-omnipotent, he can not always achieve the same success in different places, even in the same area.
Secondly, according to on our daily life experience and common sense,through the analysis without personal prejudice of the chairperson’s recommendation, we can make a research of his opinions from different directions. How about the music education foundation in the Steel City High School and did Mr.Schade make this more better during his tenure? Is anybody superior than Schade”? Did the students and other teachers can be directed by Schade? Yet, just because these improvements occurred during Schade’s tenure it is unreasonable to assume that Schade is to be credited for them. It is entirely possible that the improvements were the result of another administrator’s, or even the efforts of parents. Without showing dearly that Schade, and not some other person, was responsible for the improvements. However, the author failed to show us the existence of both questions, and did not provide any evidence to indicate/prove/verify that the impact of Schade as a director is the most important factor which resulted in Steel City High's music accomplishments. Therefore, in such circumstances, it is arbitrary to assume that Schade will resulte the same success in Saluda school without other factors.
Above all, the author’s argument is unpersuasive as it stands. If the author was able to complete the whole reasoning, and to provide additional evidence of the authenticity of the inherent factors, then the reasoning will become more stronger and conviction.
1 乔丹作为队长,在1991-1993年率公牛完成NBA总冠军“三连冠”霸业,之后于1996-1998年又带领公牛队又3次夺得NBA总冠军。但是当他作为奇才队队长时,却无法带领奇才队进入NBA的决赛。这个例子将会生动的告诉chairperson,
2 吴士宏离开微软进入TCl,进行战略规划和系统运作,并没有给新东家带来在其原公司的成功。
3 原微软全球富总裁唐峻/李开复离开微软,进入盛大/google,但并没有取得相应成功。环境在变,竞争在变。
可以解释败走麦城、空降人才
1 经验主义会忽略组织情感与组织文化
2 原来的理论可能与现在的新环境、实际情况不吻合
3 如果单纯为了短期利益,可能会导致涸泽而渔(其在原单位组织可能是经过长期努力精心准备而取得成功的。)
4 如果不注重新单位组织生存的基础资源建设(包括产品品质、管理流程、员工培训、人员招聘)仍不能成功。
141.political rally,tropical nation
Argument: consumers refuse to buy products that are made with CCC's copper can prevent pollution and environmental disasters. It can be describe as A resulted in B and B resulted in C.
Argument: because in the past few years, CCC 1995-1996 bought one million square miles of land in the land, mining will threat to many endangered animals home, which inevitably will lead to copper pollution and environmental disasters.
Flaws:
1 the author failed to notice that consumers are unable to discover the raw material copper products are adopted by the CCC.
2 Even if it can be distinguished, CCC outlets also can be directed to other marketplace elsewhere.
3 provided that CCC abandons its mining plans, there were occurred other companies.
4 There is no information to indicate that CCC will bring disaster and they can take measures to prevent what will happen.
232.memorable tunes and song lyrics being advertised
Argument: we should now switch to advertisements featuring a distinctive song. Because recent study of high school students showed that 85% could easily recognize the tunes used to advertise leading soft drinks and fast-food restaurants. But our company's extensive advertising in magazines during the past year, sales of our home appliances declined.
Flaws:
1 there is no evidence to show that the sales fell is resulted by the advertising. There are maybe other reasons like quality and models are not kept pace with demand.
2 the survey of high school students can not represent all consumers opinion, because high school students were not be the Eco-Power’s main consumers group. Consumer groups such as housewives may have the contrary response to the advertisements, songs.
Conclusion: the costs must be think twice before it started. The cost of write songs and publicized through television advertisements, it is much more expensive than it past ways in magazine.
ISSUE 51
I strongly agree with the assertion that effective education should be focused on student’s individual needs and personal interests. The purpose of this paper is to describe and determine the efficacy of student-oriented education. The student-oriented education was designed to guide the judgment of the quality of education curricular materials. Three research investigation reasons combined into a theoretical framework which underlies the student-oriented education is the most effective way to help students learn.
One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that the traditional teacher-oriented education often neglects the individual needs and interests of each student, which proves counterproductive. In the traditional education systems, some focus on how school systems or classrooms should be designed; others focus on what type of person the teacher should be or what subject is the most important. All students are intelligent beings that can make decisions about their education based on what they want to get out of their education. They are able to set goals for themselves as well as set steps to reach them. Students are capable of forethought and are able to solve problems, and are not just products of their environment, but are to some extent, are producers of it. Like Bandura, I feel that students regulate their own motivation and behavior by the positive and negative consequences they produce for themselves (“Division of Educational Studies at Emory University,” n.d.).
Another reason why I essentially agree with the speaker is that student-oriented education can most effectively involve individual students in the learning process. Some students may view school as a means of gathering knowledge, others as a way of acquiring skills, while still others may view it in terms of developing meaningful social relationships. Regardless of the intent of the school or teacher, the student will chose how he wants to see and experience his education, based on his own set of values and the model set for him. Regardless of the intent of the school or teacher, the student will chose how he wants to see and experience his education, based on his own set of values and the model set for him. As a result, it would be wrong to push a child interested only in acquiring skills into developing social relationships. The child will develop them if and when he wants, and when he does the relationships will be better and more meaningful. Students should guide themselves and make their own choices as to what school means for them, as well as how they would like to be educated.
The numerous theories regarding education have resulted in the confusion of teaching professionals and complexity of educational systems. The best way to teach students may have already been found. Still, in trying to provide the best education for students we can feel that every student is able to set goals and work toward them. We believed that every student is intelligent and is capable of foresight. We also think that teaching should not be focused on one type of learner, but appeal to all of them, all the time. In addition, it should not focus on only one end to school or one meaning of school, but allow the student to choose his or her own meaning. Finally, we can make a decision that the role of the teacher should be a source of information, but also and just as importantly, a motivator and a helper for the student.
In sum, students should guide themselves and make their own choices as to what school means for them, as well as how they would like to be educated.
若赞成 Student-oriented education is the most effective way to help students learn.
1. The traditional teacher-oriented education often neglects the individual needs and interests of each student, which proves counterproductive.
2. Student-oriented education can most effectively involve individual students in the learning process.
3. Nonetheless, winking at students’ unreasonable desires would only result in chaos in education.
若反对可用美国宪法对教育的定义-帮助每个人寻找心中的幸福和目标。以心灵捕手为例。以及邮寄炸弹专家为例。首先要教会学生道德和社会责任。
1 do right things and do things right
2 do what you love and love what you doing
3 do what you believe and believe you doing
130、"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
The speaker asserts that society’s destiny hinges on how children are socialized, I agree with speaker for somewhat appealing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot with it for the following reasons. Especially the claim that we have not yet learned how to raise children who can better society is poorly supported by empirical evidence.
1 First of all, we actually know the way to bring up children to contribute to a better society. Merits such as honesty, persistence, tolerance, probity, kindness and so on are the core lessons inculcated by parents and school moral courses. But unless a child is allowed sufficient opportunities for healthy interaction with peers, that child is likely to grow into an ineffectual, perhaps even an anti-social, adult.
2 However, some are not satiated by the existing way of bringing up society and are dedicated to explore a more specific pattern to determine the final vocation of children. The ideas of these people are perilous. We should permit the natural development of children and let them to determine their vocations. If utilize a specific pattern, there will not be plumbers, electricians, drivers, and cleaners, but solely the scientists, politicians, millionaires, businessmen. In such case, our society will definitely result in a disillusionary stagnancy.
3 Turning to the second claim,, it is not proper to make the children to bear all the responsibility of bringing about a better society. Much more other aspects of the extant and future society need to be attached importance to for this goal. Such as the mutual comprehension among diverse races, nations, communities. Here, I can not but have to make mention of the well-known dream of Martin Luther king , of that one day people of all races, including white, yellow, and black together can shake hands and dance with each other.
[ 本帖最后由 amadis007 于 2006-6-22 07:57 编辑 ] |
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