进军美利坚iBT特训营~~100+听写专用贴

shining_sjUID: 2485580

11.26听写。。崩溃。。等等再改


Ok,today I want to talk about where and when which is able to determine how old of the piece of land or some other geological features,dating technics.I am going to talk about particular technics.Why?Good dating is key to good analysis.In other words,if you want to know how was  land formation of the land formed,probably the first you should know is how old it is.It is fundmental.

Um..take the Grand Canyon for instance,now we geologists think that we have a pretty good idea about how the Grand Canyon and southwestern United States was formed.We knew that it was formed from same stone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago,before solidified they were just regular sand.For centurially(Essentially) it was part of the vast deserte.And until just recently most of the stock(us thought )sands came from ancient mountain range very(fairly) closed by the frighten doubt(flatten outer) over time.That has been conventional with moun-(wisdom among)geologists for quite some time.

But now we have learned something different and quite surprising ,with(using)
a technic called uranium-lead dating.I should say that uranium-lead dating has been around for quite a while.But there have been some  recent refinements,I’ll get into this in a minute.Anyway, uranium-lead dating has produced some surprises.Two geologists discovered that about half of the sands from Grand Canyon was the acutally once parts of the App Mountain.That’s really eye opening news,since the App Mountain rang is of course thousands of kilometer to the east to the Grand Canyon.Sounds unbelieveable,right?Of course the obvious The question is how that sands adapted(end up) so far west.The theory is the huge rivers and wind can carry the sand west mixed with the sand was already there.

Well,this was pretty revolutionary finding,and it is basiclly because of uranium-lead dating.Why？Well,as everyone in this class should know we usually study(look up) the Grand(grain) type within sand stone,meaning the particals in the sand stome to determine where it came from.You can do other things too, like look at the river and wind the prostein(brought the grains) to their location and figure out which way it was flowsing.But that was only useful  up to a point,and that was not what these two geologists did. Uranium-lead dating allowed them to learn (go )about it in entirely different way.What they did was they look at the grains zircon in the sand stone.Zircon is a material that contains radioactive uranium,which makes it very useful for dating pufposes.The zircon starts off as mountain magma,high lava from volcanos.This magma then crystalizes.And when the zircon crystalizes,the uranium inside begins to change into lead.So if you measured the
amount of lead in the zircon Grain,you can know(figure out) when this Grain is(was) formed.After that you can define(determine the age of ) zircon from different mountain ranges.Once you do that you can campare the age of the zircon in the sand stone in your samples with(to) the age of zircon in the mountains.If the age of the zircon matchs the age of one of your mountain ranges,that means the sand stone actually used to be the part of that particular mountain range.Is every body with me on that?Good.

So in this case, uranium-lead dating was used to establish that half of the sand stone in the samples was formed at the same time the grain of App Mountain was formed.So because of this,the new way of doing uranium-lead dating, we able to determined that one of our major assumptions about Grand Canyon was wrong.Like I said before, uranium-lead dating has been around for a while,but until recently in order to do it,you really have to study many individual grands and it took long time to get results.It just wasn’t very efficient and wasn’t very accurate.But technic advance has cut down on the number of grain that you have to study,so you get results faster.So opreative uranium-lead dating is going to becoming a increasingly popular dating method.There are a few pretty exciting possiblities for uranium-lead dating.Here is the one comes to mind,you know the theory that earth contients were once joint together and separated apart relatively recently.Well.with uranium-lead dating we can prove that more conclusivly.If there show evidence that they once had been joint,that can really tell us a lot about the early history of the planets of geology.

summerdingdavidUID: 2718039

Listen to part of lecture in the geology class.
Ok, let’s get started, great! Today I want to talk about way in which way we determine how old piece of land or some other geology features. Dating techniques. I’m gonna talking about particular dating technique, why? Good dating is a good key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how old land the information was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old is it. it is fundamental. Take Grand Canyon for instance, now we geologists thought we have pretty idea how the Grand Canyon in the south Californian in the United States was formed. We knew it was formed from sandstone, that’s solidified between somewhere from 150 and 300 million years ago. Before it solidified it’s just regular sand. Essentially it was part of vast past desert. Until the recently most of us thought the sand has came from the ancient mountain range fairly close by the flattened out over time. That’s been conventional thought among geologists for quiet some time. But now we have learned something different, and it’s surprising, using date technique called Uranium—lead dating. I should say the Uranium—lead dating has been around for a while, but there have been recent refinement. I’ll get into this in the minute. Anyway, Uranium—lead dating has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered half of sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once parts of Appalachian Mountains. That’s really eye opening news. Since Appalachian Mountains of course is thousands kilometers ways from south eastern Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, obliviously the question is how did the sand end so far west? The theory is the huge winds and rivers carried the sand west where make mixed with where the sand already there. Well this is pretty revolutionary finding. And that’s basically because of  Uranium—Lead dating. Well, is everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type in sand stone. Meaning the particle in the sand stone to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind and river brought water to the location, and figure out which way flowing. And that’s flow points, and that’s not the two geologists did. Uranium—Lead dating allow them to go about the grain in the interior different way. What they did was, the looked at the grain in the zircon in the sandstone, zircon is a material that contains Uranium radiation, which make it very useful for dating purpose. Um, zircon starts of molten magama t, the hot lava from volcanos, this magemets then crystalist, and when zircon crystallized, the uranium inside it begin to change and lead. So if you measure the amount of lead in the zircon grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the how old the zircon from different mountains, once you do that, you can compare the zircon from the sandstone of sample to the age of zircon in the mountains. If the age of the zircon matches the zircon of one of the age of the mountain, means sandstone used to be part of that mountain, is everybody with me on that? Good! So in this case, the Uranium—Lead dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone sample was born at the same time that zircon of grain in the Appalachian Mountains was born. So because of this, that new way of uranium-lead dating way we have been able to determining one of our major assumption sandstone about south Californian was wrong. Like I said before, uranium-lead dating have been with us being for a while, but until recently if you do it, you have to do many individual uranium grain, and you took a long time before you got a result, it just wasn’t very efficient, and it was not very accurate, but technique advances have cut down number of grain you have to research, you gets your result faster. So the optimal uranium-lead dating is going to become increasing popular dating method. There are few possible pretty exciting for the uranium-lead dating, here is once comes into mind, you know, the theory that continents once join together only split apart very recently? Well, using uranium-lead dating we can prove that more conclusively. If they show the uranium once have been join, that can tell really a lot of about the early history of planet’s geology.

happyfaith2008UID: 2709856

今天这篇文章快听崩溃了！555555
太长了啦！花了我好长时间才把它听下来！

TPO L1 lecture 3
Ok. Let’s get started. Great! Today I want to talk about way in which we are able to determine how old a peice of land or some other geologic features---dating techniques. I am gonna talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is key to good analysis. In other words if you want to know how a land formation was formed the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. It’s funtamental. Take the Grant Canyon for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea how the Grant Canyon in the Southwestern United States was formed. We knew it was formed from sandsone that solidified somewhere between one hundred and fifty and three hundred million years ago. Before solilidfied it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time but now we’ve learned something different and quite surprising using the technique called the Uranium-Lead Dating. I should say that U L D has been around for quite a while but there have been some recent refinements I will get into this in a minute. Anyway U L D has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. That’s really eye-opening the news since the A Mountian range is of course thousands of kilometers to the east of the Grant Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course the question is how
did that sand end up so far west. The theoty is that huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was alredy there. Well this was the pretty revolution finding and it was basically becsuse of U L D. Why? Well as everyone in this class should know we usually look the grain type within sandstone meaning the actual particles determine where it came from. You can do other thins too like look the wind and water that brought the grains to their location and figure that which way it was flowning. But that’s only useful up to a point and that’s not what these two geologists did.U L D allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way.
What they did was they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten magam, the hot larva from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Ziron crystallizes, the hot larva from vocanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes, the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. so if you measure the amount of Lead in the Z grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the age of Zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you did that, you can compare the age of the Zircon matches the age of one of the mountain ranged, then it means the sandstone actually used to be part of that paticular mountain range. Is everybody with me on that? Good.
So, in this case, U L D was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountians was formed. So because of this, this new way of doing U L D, we’ve been able to determine that one of our major assmptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong..
Like I said before, U L D has been with us for a while. But util recently, in order to do it, you really had to study many individual grains. And it took a long time before you got results. It just wasn’t very efficient. And it wasn’t very accurate. But technical advances have cut down on the number of grains ou have to study, so you get results faster. So I’ll predict that U L D is going to become an increasingly popular dating method.
There are a few pretty exciting possibilities for U L D. Here is one that comes to mind. You know the theoty that earth’s continents wre once joined together and only split apart relatively recently? Well, with U L D, we could prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, hat could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planet’s peology.

我是chineseladyUID: 2662783

Listen to part of lecture in the geology class.
Ok, let’s get started, great! Today I want to talk about way in which way we determine how old piece of land or some other geology features. Dating te ...
summerdingdavid 发表于 2009-11-26 21:07

怎么没mark下...

eejchenUID: 2225156

请问哪里有TPO听力script下载？急求……

我是chineseladyUID: 2662783

请问哪里有TPO听力script下载？急求……
eejchen 发表于 2009-11-27 00:19

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1027212-1-1.html

素怿UID: 2630430

先前自己听写的时候都是写在纸上的，本来想全部打出来一遍的，发现实在太长了，打不动了~~~就先仍这么多上来~~~~

TPO1-3
OK, let’s get started. Great. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of the land , or some other geologic feathers is dating techniques. I am going to the talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation is formed. The first thing you probable want to know is how old it is. It is fundamental .Er… take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the grand canyon solidified in southwestern states was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified some where between 150and 300million years ago. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently, most of us thought the sand had come from ancient mountain range fairly by that flattened out. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologist for quite some time. But now we’re learned something different quote surprising using a technique called Uranium-Lead Dating(后面简写才ULD)
I should say the ULD has been around for quite a while. But there have been some recent refinement. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, ULD has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian（后面简写为A） mountains. That’s really eye-opening news since the A mountains range is of course thousands of kilometers to the east of grand canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west. The theory is that huge rivers and carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there well ,this is pretty revolutionary finding and it was basically because the ULD WHY? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought to grain to their location and figure out which way it flowing. But that’s only useful uo to a point and that’s 2geologists did.
ULD allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way were they did was:they look at the grains zircon in the sandstone. Zincon is the material that contains radio-active U, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zincon starts off as a matter manage the hot larua from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when zincon crystallizes, the U inside it begins change into lead. So if you measure the amount of leas in the zincon grain. Yon can figure out when the grain was formal. After that, you can determine the age of zincon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of the sandstone in your sample to the age of the zincon in the mountains.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

11月27日作业：TPO1-2
红色为听错的，括号蓝色粗体为正确的，橙色粗体为听漏的，绿色粗体为听多的

OK, I'm going go begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibited(exhibit at the)fairy street galary(Gallery) and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It's already started, infact(in fact), but it'll be at the galary(gallery) for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibithing(exhibiting) there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen's work may be unfamiliar to you since she is a relatively young artist, but she'sgot a very unusual style compared to some of the artist(artists) we've looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen's style is what she herself called(calls), Realistic Impressionism. So you've probably studied both of these movements, separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism in some of our(your) history courses. So, who canjust sum these up?

Well, Impressionism, started in the late 19th centery(century), uh, the basic Impressionist style was very different from earlier styles, it didn't paint(depict) scenes and models the exact way that(exactly as)they looked, uh, impressionist painters tended to apply paint really fickly(thickly), and in big brush strokes. So the texture of the canvas was rough.

Good, what else? What was(were) the subjects?

Well, a lot of Impressionist artist(artists) painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets, uh,(and in) cafes, a lot(lots) of nature scenes, especially landscapes.

Good, so when you go to the exhibit Ireally want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It's a farm scene, and you'll see it right as you enter the galary(gallery). The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen's style. It's an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It's kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brush strokes,and the blury line(blurry lines). The colors aren't quite realistic, the sky is kind of, well, on(in) anatural pinkish yellow, and the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold bleak winter day on a farm. So, that's the impressionist side of her work.
Oh, and speaking of farms, that reminds me, one interesting thing I read about Frantzen is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the sales barn. And the sales barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there-and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways they moved. Uh, she really found that this helped her work, that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their pasters(postures) were like too.
So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzen's work?

Uh, real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealize(unidealized) stuff, and pretty everyday subject matters, too.

Good, one other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You'll notice the woman's face is so realistic looking, that it's almost like a photograph. The woman's nose is a little less than perfict(perfect), and her hair is kind of massed up, this is Realism. But, then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brush strokes, and it's all kinds of zig-zaging(zigzagging) brush strokes andlines, kind of caotic(chaotic), almost, when you look at it close. And there were vibrant colors, there's lots of orange, with littlehints of an electric blue picking(peeking) out.
I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story, but here's a little bit about Rose Frantzen's life, anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she wasn't good at illustration, that she should to into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes, and fine arts classes, too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency, that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course it's not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other people's portraits at places like art fairs, just to make money to buy paint for her more serious artwork. No matter what, she never stopped painting, and now, Frantzen's doing extremely well, and her works(work is)being shown all over the country. So, I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that, but what's important is, that you keep at it, that you don't give up, that's what's really important to remember.

貌似我的错误好多都是拼写。。。这样作文会吃亏的，改正中～

lmsleeperUID: 2559158

1-2:

Ok I’m going to begin this lecture by giving u (your next) assignment. Remember I said that some point during the semester I want you to attend the exhibit at Fairy street (gallery画廊，廊台) and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started, in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give u plenty of time to finish your assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen’s works maybe unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself called realistic impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of those movements, separately, separate movements, realism and impressionism in some of your art history courses. So who can just (sum) these up?

Well, impressionism, starting in the late of 19 century, the basic expression style was very different from earlier styles; it didn’t depict things(scenes) or models exactly as they looked. Impressionist painters tended to apply paint（涂、贴） very （thickly） and in big brush(brushstrokes笔画，画法). So the texture of the canvas ˈkænvəs; was rough.

Good! what else?
What were the subjects?

Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes like people on the streets and café, and lots of natural things especially landscapes.

Good! So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you’ll see it, why did(right as) you enter the gallery. The reason I think it is so important is that it stresses(强调) the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene, it’s a kind of (bleak [bli:k]
萧瑟的,严寒的,阴郁的
). But you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the (blurry ['blə:ri模糊的，失去焦距的]) lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of in unnatural pinkish略带桃色的yellow. And the (fence
[fens]
围墙, 剑术) in the foreground前景 is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives us an impression of a cold bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionist side of her work. Oh at speaking about the farms, that reminds me, one interesting thing I read about Frantzen is when she first move back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visits this place in her town called the sales barn. And the sales barn was basically this place where local farmer bought and sell their cattle ['kætl;
牛，畜牲(复数), their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on后来 (would) visit other places like (dance halls) was to observe the people and their way to move. She really found this helped her work. That it gave her understanding about body movement and action. How humans move? And stand still? What their postures ['pɔstʃə]姿势were like too. So what about realism? What are the elements of realism we should be looking for in Frantzen’s work?

Real honest, (depictions) of subject (matter事物), pretty non-idealized非理想化的stuff, pretty everyday subject matter too.


Good! One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You’ll notice the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a litter less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is (wrapped[ræp]披肩，包裹) in a (blanket 毛毯，覆盖物) of broad thick brushstrokes and then … it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of (chaotic [kei'ɔtik]) almost, when you look at close, they are (vibrant ['vaibrənt]震颤的, 响亮的, 充满活力的, 精力充沛的, (色彩)鲜明的) colors. There are lots of orange with little hints of electric blue铁蓝色 (peeking偷看, 窥视) up. I find Frantzen to be a very (accessible [æk'sesəbl可得到的, 易接近的) artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story, but here is a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of (her instructors讲师) that she wasn’t good in illustration that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine art classes too. Until she was convinced by the head of advertising agency代理处,政府机构, that her work is really good. That she could be an artist, but of course it’s not as easy as that. So Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fares just to make money to buy paint颜料
for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stop painting, and now Frantzen’s doing extremely well. Her work is being shown on all over the country. So I think most of us would be (discouraged使气馁) if we have to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what is important is you keep at 坚持做it that you don’t give it up. That’s what is really important to remember.

happyfaith2008UID: 2709856

啊

happyfaith2008UID: 2709856

这个貌似不是conversation 2
不过，迟早也是要听的，嘿嘿！
11月27日 TPO 1L Lecture2
Ok. I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Rememer I said that at some point during this remester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. F’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, F’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, R and I, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?
Well, I started in the late 19th century. Um the basic I style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um I painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.
Good. What else? What were the subjects?
Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.
Good.So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close at a certain painting. it’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist as pect of F’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural...pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionost side of her work.
Oh, and speaking about farm, that reminds me. On interesting thing I read about F is that when she first moved back to lowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her twon called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason F went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to abserve people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work, which it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.
So, what about Realism? What arae the elements of Realism we should be looking for in F’s work?
Um....real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.
Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfecet and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism, but then, the background of the painting, this woman the punmkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, it’s all kind of zigzagging brushatrokes and lines, kind og chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there ate vibrant colors. There are lots of orangs, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.
I find F to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But here’s a little bit about Rose F’slife anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instuctors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she sould be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so F had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, F is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what’s important is that you keep at it that you don’t give up. That’s what is really important to remember.

i2000sUID: 2108019

TPO1-3 lecture

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7:02-7:14-7:24
b c(d) 231 b a -c(b)
7:55, 9:00-10:21
Ok. Let's get start it. Great. Today I want to talk about the way in which we're able to how to detemine how old a piece of land and some other piece of geology fature is--dating techniques. I mainly talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is a key to good announces. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation is formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. It's foundamental. Uh. Take the great cannoy for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pritty good idea how the great cannoy and the Southwest United State was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that's selectified somewhere between one hundred fifty and three hundred million years ago. Before the selectify, it was just regular sand. Essensialy, it was part of west dazard. And until just recently, most of the staff knows the sand comes from the agen mountain range very closed by that flattens out over time. Let's begin in a convientional way that the mountain geologists for quest some time. But now we've learnt something different and quite suprising, using a technique called uranium-lead dating. I should say that the uranium-lead dating has been around quite while. But there has been some recent refinements. I'll get these in a minute. Any way, uranium-lead dating has produced some suprises. Two geologists discoveried that about half the sand from the great cannoy was actually once part of appalachian mountains. That's really an openning news, since the appalachian mountain range is, of course, thousands of kilometres to the east of the great cannoy. Sounds pritty unbelievable, right? Of course, the unvieled question is how does that sand end up so far west? The theory is the huge rivers and wind carry the sand west, where makes sense the sand that was already there. Well. This was a very revolutionary finding... Uh...and it was basically because of the uranium-lead dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look the grin type with this sandstone. Meaning the actual particle of the sandstone to determine where it came from. You can do other things, too. Like looking the wind or the water that pro the grin to that location and figure out which way it's flowing. But that's only useful up to a point and that's not what the two geologists did. Uranium-lead dating allows them to go about it in an entirely different way. What they did was they looked the grin of zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive uranium, which is very useful for dating purposes. Uh...zircon starts off in the mountain's magma--the hot larva from the volcanos, this magma then cristalizes. And when zircon crystalizes, the uranium inside begins to change into lead. So if you measure the amount of lead, you can figure out when the grin was formed. After that, you can determine the age of zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of zircon in the mountains. If the age of the zircon matches the age of one of your mountain ranges, that means the sandstone actually used to be part of that particular mountain range. Is there anybody with me on that. Good. So in this case, uranium-lead dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time that the grin in appalachian mountains was formed. So because of this--this new way of uranium-lead dating--we've been able to determine that one of our major assumption about the great cannoy was wrong. Like that before, uranium-lead dating has been with us for a while. But...uh...until recently, in order to do it, you really have to study many individual grins and took a long time before you got results. It just wasn't very efficient. And it wasn't very accuarate. But techiquical advances have cut down on the number of grins you have to study. So you get the result faster. So all producted that the uranium-lead dating is going to become an increasing popular dating method. There're some pretty exciting possibilities fore uranium=lead dating. Here is one comes to mind. You know, the theory that the earth's contenients were once joint togerther and only seperated apart relative recently. Well, with uranium-lead dating, we can prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, that could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planet's geology.
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还没来得及对答案 早起听写的 中间太忙了 隔断了一阵。。。

yy2326218UID: 2675033

TOP1 conversation2

Hi, Matthew, I'm glad you can come in today. You've been observing Mr. Grable('s) third grade class for your aproached(approaches to) education paper, right?

Em.. Yes. I go over the Johnson advanture(Elementary) School, you know to watch the Mr. Grable teach the children in class. It's been amazing, I mean understanding so much for(from) just watching him. I'm so glad the class observations are (a) requirement for the education program. I mean it's like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.

Well, I'm glad to see you feel that way, Matthew. You know, that's the goal. So I've been reading over your observation notes and I'm quite interested in what's going on in particular with(what's) the astronomy unit he's been teaching.

The astronomy unit?

It seems the(that) Mr Greeable has the master(ed) inter-disaponary(interdisciplinary,跨学科的) approach  the teaching, the way we've been talking about in class.

Oh, Ok. Yeah. So like when he was teaching the astronomy, he didn't just teach them (the) names of the planets, he use(d) it as a way to teach mythology.

Really? So how did he do that?

Well, some of the students could already name the plants, but they didn't know that the names how did it(had any) meaning, the stories behind them.

So ..he...

He introduce the Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining. Like you know how like Jupiter's the Bakon's(biggest) planet, right? And how jupiter was the name of the king of gods in Roman mythology, right? So, since Jupiter, (the) planet, it's(is) the largest planet in our solar system, it's like the king of the planets like Jupiter was the king of all the gods.

Oh, Matthew, it's a great example.

Yeah, and each student chose a planet and then did research on (it) to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library to do the research, and then they made presentations about the planets they chose.

So, in one science unit, in which the focus was astronomy, the students also learn(ed) about the literature of Greek and Roman mythology. Use the(Used) research goes on(?)(skills in) the library, wrote a report and practice their oral presentation skills.

Exactly. He use(d) this one topic to teach third grades all that stuff. How do you (to) use the books in the library to write reports, and even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing it.
You know, Matthew, this is just what we've been talking about on(in) our class. I'm sure everyone could learn something from your experience. You know, Matthew, I'd love you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednsday.

Really? Cause, I don't really think I('ll) have any time to write my paper by then.

Oh, you won't need to write anything new just yet, for Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things we've discussed today.

Ok, that's sounds all right.

总结：
有些地方，觉得语法不符合逻辑，知道自己肯定听错了（打问号的地方。。。），但是仍然不知道到底是什么。。。
其实听写，真的挺需要动脑筋的。。。有些有发音相似的，就比如说used 和use the，要根据上下文判断正确的时态和情况。我有好几个地方都听错同样的地方。。。

溜冰小新UID: 2397498

11.28
作业
So we’ve talked about some different circumstance of root systems of plants, and I’ll show you some pretty cool slides. But now I want to talk about the extend of the root system—the overall size of the root system—the depth. I want to tell you one particular experiment, I think you will find it is really amazing. OK. So there was the scientist. This very meticulous scientist decided that the best place to see the whole root system, to extra see how big the entire root system got. The best place will be a glassware. Unggg, water, in water. So he took ray plants, with ray plants and he started growing them in water. Now you all heard of growing stuff in water before, right?
S: Yes done commercial right? like to vegetables and flowers?
Right. They grow all kinds of commercial crops in water. So if you grow things in water, you can add fertilizer. What you need to do to that water besides fertilizer? Anyone has try to grow plants in water? You need to bubble gas through it. So gas, you have to bubble through. Think about the soil we talk about last week about growing plants in soil. Think about some of you who have killed your favourite house plants could you love them too much. If you over water, why do your favorite plants die? Oh, no O2. Not enough oxygen for the roots, which do what 24hours a day all seasons. Respiration? Respiration, they breath. So if you just stick ray plants in water, it doesn’t make a difference how much fertilizer you add you also need to bubble gas through the water. So they have exercise for the oxygen, if they don’t have that, they will be in big trouble. OK, this guy the scientist grew a ray plant in water, so he could see the root system, how big it has got—its surface area. I read about this and the book said 1000 kilometers of root. I kept thinking this has to be mistake, it just doesn’t make any sense to me that could be right, but that’s all the books have, and no one has ever correct it. So let me explain it to you about this right plants.
If you take a little seed of many grasses and remember ray is a grass. If you take a tiny little seed and you germinated, actually take one of my least favorite grasses that start growing about May. What’s my least favourite grasses that starts growing about May?
S: Crib grass.
Remember how I showed you in the lab, one little seed starts out producing one little shout. Then at week or so later you got about six shouts and then three weeks later you will get 15shouts coming out from all directions like this. All those little shouts up there? Well that was what they do about ray. The little seeding starts and pretty soon there were more shouts. In end, that one single seed has 80 shouts, with average 15 centimeters of height from one seed, 80 shouts coming out average 15cm high. When they look at the shout what is the root surface, they found the shout surface with all of its leaves had a
total surface area of about 5m2. Now here is the biggie. When they look at the root surface area, you will expect the root and the shout would be in balance, right? So they should be pretty close in the surface area, right?
S; Uh?
What’s that? Is sb say no? Well you’re absolutely correct. Instead of 5 M2, the root system is found to have more than 200 m2 of surface area. Where is all that surface areas come from? Who did it? Who is responsible for those extra square meters of surface area? What did the roots do to increase the surface area? Root hairs! Root hairs, that is exactly it. So those root hairs are responsible for the incredible chunk of surface area. They consequently to have spread out in the water to absorb minerals from the fertilizer and they need to get oxygen as well.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

11月28日听写 TPO1.5

OK, we've been talking about early agreculture in the near east, so let's consentrate(concentrate)on one site, and see what we can learn from it. Let's look atCatalhoyuk, Umm, I'd better write that down. Catalhuyuk, that's aboutas closest(as close as) we get in English, it's Turkish, really. The site's in morndern day Turkey, and who knows what the original inhabitant(inhabitants) calledit. Anyway, Catalhuyuk wasn't the first agricultural settalment in thenear east, but it was pretty early, settled about 9000 years ago, inthe Neolithic period. And the settlement, town, really, lasted about1000 years, and grew to a size of about 8 or 10 thousands(thousand) of people. That certainly makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time.

One of the things that make the settlement at(of) this size of impressive, is the time period. It's the Neolithic remember, the latestonage, so the people that lived there had only stone tools, nometals. So everything they accomplished, like building this town, theydid with just stone, plus woods(wood), brikes(bricks),that sort of thing. But you've got to remember that it wasn't just anystones they had, they had obsidian. And, Uhm, obsidian is a black, vocanic(volcanic), well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely and to(into)really sharp points, the sharpest tools of the entire stonage was madeof obsidian, and the people of Catalhoyuk got theirs from furtherinland, from center Turkey, traded for it, probably(哈，这次拼对了).

Anyway, what I want to focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are all right-angular(rectangular), one story, made of sun dried brikes(bricks).But what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them,no streets, in other words. And so, generally, no doors on the houses,either. People walked around on the roofs and enter(entered) the house through a hatchway(生词) on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You can still see the diagnal(diagonal) marks of the ladders on the plaster(生词)on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be onemain room, and a couple of small rooms for storage. The main room hadthe harth(hearths生词), for cooking and for heat, it would have been pretty cool(cold 晕，怎么想的)during the winters. And it also looks like they made their tools nearthe fire, there  tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the harsh(hearth) ashes, but no chimny(chimney), the smoke just went out the same hatchway that people use(used)for going in and out themselves, so there would have been an open fireinside the house, with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out,you and I would have found it a bit too smoky in there. You can see onthe walls, which they plastered and decorated the(with)paintings, they ended up with a layer of black soot on them, and so didpeople's lungs. The bones found in the graves show a layer of soot inthe inside of the rib(ribs).

And that's another unusual feature of Catahoyuk, the barrial(burial) site(sites). The graves have all been found under the houses, right under the floors, and it may be this barrial(burial)custom that exlains why the houses were packed in so tightly, withoutstreets. I mean, you might think it was for protection or something,but there's been no evidance found yet of any violent attack, thatwould indicate that kind of danger, and(it) maybe they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors' graves, and be barried(buried) near them themselves. But it makes a good point.

Based on excavations, we can know the layout of the houses, and the location of the graves, but we are only guessing when we try(tried)to say why they did it that way. That's the way it is with Archaeology,you are dealing with the physical remains that people left behind. Wehave no sure access to what they thought and how they felt aboutthings, I mean, it's interesting to speculate, and the physicalartifacts(生词) can give us clues. But there's a lot we can really know. So for instance, their art. They painted on the plaster(platered)walls, and usually they painted hunting scenes, with wild animals inthem. Now they did hunt, and they also raise cereal crops and keptsheep, but we don't know why so many of the paintings are of huntingscenes, was it supposed to have religous or magical significance?That's the kind of thing we can guess at, base on clues. And hopefully,further excavation of Catahoyuk will yield more clues, but we'llprobably never know for sure.