9(C)
经过上面的“全文解析”,再结合首段最后一句
“This observation seems psychologically plausible, but emotional responses elicited by works of art raise counterexamples.”,其中,This指代“Nico Frijda writes that emotions are governed by a psychological principle called the “law of apparent reality””
选项(C)表述比较准确
“The law of apparent reality fails to account satisfactorily for emotional responses to art”
10(C)
根据“Frijda’s law asserts”定位原文
“Nico Frijda writes that … “law of apparent reality”: emotions are elicited only by events appraised as real, and the intensity of these emotions corresponds to the degree to which these events are appraised as real.”
选项(C)
“more or less intense depending on the degree to which the person perceives the event to be real”为最佳复述
11(C)
根据“Frijda’s notion of the role of imagination”定位原文
“This observation seems psychologically plausible, but emotional responses elicited by works of art raise counterexamples.”
“However, if Frijda’s law is to explain all emotional reactions, there should be no emotional response at all to aesthetic objects or events, because we know they are not real in the way a living rattlesnake is real.”
“as Scruton argues, a necessary characteristic of the imaginative construction that can occur in an emotional response to art is that the person knows he or she is pretending”
从上面语句的句意,或者关键词可以看出,F的law是没有imagination成份
因此,
“ignores the fact that a person who is imagining knows that he or she is imagining”
12(B)
根据“Gombrich and Radford”定位原文
“Gombrich argues that emotional responses to art are ersatz; art triggers remembrances of previously experienced emotions. These debates have prompted the psychologist Radford to argue that people do experience real melancholy or joy in responding to art, but that these are irrational responses precisely because people know they are reacting to illusory stimuli.”
选项(A)可以利用“irrational responses”确定为正确选项
选项(C)根据“ersatz/previously experienced emotions”确定为正确选项,选项(D)也是如此
选项(B)
“Gmbrich’s position is closer to the position of the majority of psychologists than is Radford’s.”并没有体现
13(E)
选项
“The consistency of emotional responses to events that range from the real to the depicted challenges Frijda’s law.”中的challegnes很重要,表明作者的态度。再回到原文第二段即可体会。
14(B)
根据“movies about ghosts”定位原文
“These responses extend even to phenomena not conventionally accepted as real. A movie about ghosts, for example, may be terrifying to all viewers, even those who firmly reject the possibility of ghosts, but this is not because viewers are confusing cinematic depiction with reality”
再对照选项(B)
“Movies about imaginary phenomena like ghosts may be just as terrifying as movies about phenomena like snake”,应该没有什么困难
15(D)
根据“Radford”定位原文
“These debates have prompted the psychologist Radford to argue that people do experience real melancholy or joy in responding to art, but that these are irrational responses precisely because people know they are reacting to illusory stimuli.”
上面语句清楚地表明R的态度,只有选项(D)为最佳符合
“A person irrationally bursts into tears while reading a novel about a destructive fire, even while realizing that he or she is reading about a fictional event.”