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[习作点评] 作业!issue 70 argue 221 [复制链接]

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发表于 2010-6-24 11:13:32 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 clover213 于 2010-6-24 19:18 编辑

issue70
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"In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
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A team, which is made of a group of people who share the same interest and pursuing one goal can not lack of a leader. A cogent and vital leadership contributes a lot to the success of the team. To this point, limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and lack of initiatives. However, circumstances alter cases. Not every enterprise needs to change their leader after five years.

In the first place, new leaders can bring about new ideas, better conception of administration and fresh energy to an enterprise. Admittedly, it is the human nature to lose passion on one thing after being around it for a period of time. So do leaders, if one stay in a position for several years in a row, it is understandable that he may lose his passion on job and lead the whole team into a mire of lacking ambitions. In that case, limiting the term of leadership can be effectively prevent this deadlock from happening, for the reason that new leaders can serve as a catalyst to intrigue the team back to energetic. Furthermore, creativity plays an important part in the development of one enterprise. New leader can instill fresh inspirations into a team which can contribute to a more lively and vital working environment.

Importantly, when leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. One famous saying from Sir.Action is that absolute power leads to absolute corruption. In politics, it is crucial for a nation to change their president in several years. Because of that government is aim at working for general people’s common warfare which needs to be honest and upright. Imagine that if one man keeps being a leader for a long time, this nation can not be avoid becoming trapped in the dictatorship, which can be proved by Chinese history—the long hereditary occupation result in a corruption and incapable government.

In addition, the policy of changing leaders can create an atmosphere of competitive. A good competitive environment is the base of a productive enterprise for the willing of becoming the leader which intrigue people in a group to be more motivated.

However, it not necessary for all the enterprise adopt the policy of changing leaders, especially not particularly in five years. For example, private business is started by one’s own endeavor; all the achievements are belonging to the leader itself. Therefore, it is unfair and not necessary to change the leader of private business, instead, the leader can hire some new administrators to help him supervise the enterprise in order to keep the whole team vital and effective.

In summery, limiting the term of leadership can serve as an effective way to ensure success of some certain enterprises. In this way, new ideas,fresh energy and better conception of administration can be guaranteed for the enterprise. However, it is not necessary to apply this practice in every enterprise.


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发表于 2010-6-24 11:14:27 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 clover213 于 2010-6-24 11:40 编辑

rgument153
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The following is from an editorial in the Midvale Observer, a local newspaper.
"Ever since the 1950's, when television sets began to appear in the average home, the rate of crimes committed by teenagers in the country of Alta has steadily increased. This increase in teenage crime parallels the increase in violence shown on television. According to several national studies, even very young children who watch a great number of television shows featuring violent scenes display more violent behavior within their home environment than do children who do not watch violent shows. Furthermore, in a survey conducted by the Observer, over 90 percent of the respondents were parents who indicated that prime-time television-programs that are shown between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m.-should show less violence. Therefore, in order to lower the rate of teenage crime in Alta, television viewers should demand that television programmers reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time."
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In this argument, the writer claims that the rise in the number of crimes which committed by teenagers in Alta is paralleled with the increase in violence shown on television. To support that, the writer cited several national studies that young children who watch a great number of violence in television show display more violent behaviors than the children who do not watch those. So the writer comes to the conclusion that television programmers should reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time in order to lower the rate of teenage crime in Alta. This argument is unconvincing as it is based on incomplete reasoning and a lack of evidence to support its conclusion.

In the first place, although the increase in crimes and in violence television shows happened almost the same time, it not necessary means that they are related. The writer fails to exclude other reasons that can contribute to the increase in the teenage crime. For example, the decline in general moral climate will play an important part in the increase of teenage crime. The quality of education may drop in that time which directly lead teenagers fail to have decent moral cultivation. It is also possible that the current society didn’t care enough about teenagers’ growth. Therefore, the writer should give more cogent evidences to exclude other factors which contribute to teenage crime.   

Secondly, the writer’s assertion is base on the assumption that all the teenagers in Alta are used to watching television, especially those shows featuring violence scenes. However, no evidence presented to prove that assumption is right. Maybe it is only a small amount of teenagers who watched TV or only few of teenagers liked watching television shows which contain violent scenes. In that case, the increase in teenage crime totally has nothing to do with the increase in violence shown on television.

Thirdly, even if the increase in violence shown on television do contribute to the increase in the rate of teenage crime the suggestion that reduce the number of television program which featuring violence scenes in prime time won’t be necessarily effective, considering that not all the children in Alta are used to watching television in prime time. Besides the writer’s suggestion, the government in Alta should enhance moral education to teenage. Because, only if teenagers have a strong mind and highly morality can they distinguish what is wrong and ritht.

In summery, this argument is based on mere speculation with absolutely no cause and effect evidence presented to show that the increase in teenage crime is the result of the increase in violence shown on television. Furthermore, the writer should give more convincing evidence to draw the conclusion that television programmers should reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time.

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