有空给你们改改ISSUE（含130分析/改完会短信通知/平均排队时间2周）

草明团子UID: 2863037

有个弱弱的问题想问一下楼主，希望不要被砸……
issue 130:
socialize在韦氏里的意思有3个，我觉得跟题目靠谱的是第一个：
to make social:especially: to fit or train for a social environment
译成中文也就是社会化吧，这个意思怎么理解呢？
按我的认识就是：如何训练孩子使其适应社会决定了社会的未来。而我们还没教会他们怎么去建立更好的社会。
这到底是什么意思呢，难道是说我们还没有将他们社会化好？那是不是该与个性和服从（individual & conformity)联系在一起呢……
还有我一开始想写社会化只是教育的一部分，但是又搞不清education与socialization到底哪个大一些？

qiongpingUID: 2766031

版主君：这是我的第五篇在再详细提纲基础上写出的ISSUE，小组互改也改了，但是说实话，不知到了什么水平，大概能上几分，现在迷惘的很...还有18天就机考，恳请楼主提些意见，让我少点儿无头苍蝇的痛苦，至少多了解一点自己，再三拜谢了！

TOPIC: ISSUE120 - "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
WORDS: 423

TIME: 00:45:00
DATE: 2010-8-6 0:13:50




As a person growing up on the basis of past experience, I cannot agree the assertion that looking back is of little value in guiding the living in the present, although I admit, to a certain extent, that the current era is newer and more complex than the past.

  Firstly I concede that a variety of social patterns have been, or, are being filtering out by today's relevantly complex situation, though the progress often takes long time. Take the Hippocratic Oath as a typical example. Over centuries it has been modified a lot to fit the values of different times and nations, but today it inevitably became antiquated, the key reason of which is the conflict between today and the past, on moral attitudes such as abortion, drug using and advert therapy. The oath had once been widely used as the permission of the U.S. medical students in the 20th century, but now has been generally replaced by permissions that are more appropriate to our time. Likewise, more and more old values are faced with the destney of declination.

  However, it is not to say that the basic human nature, including affection, desire, fear, anger and so forth, is more complex than before. The classics of decades, or centuries before, still have the power to deeply touch the bottom of peoples’ heart. Nowadays we still feel excited for the adventures in "The Three Musketeers", sigh for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, resonate with Beethoven's "Fate Symphony" and acquire energy from the speeches from Roosevelt of 1930, just like we get courage from Obama's speech of 2008. On the basis of common attributions, modern people can take available advices from past generations without taking much pains.

  Moreover, anyone who studies history will agree that a number of past experience and lessons are, even in this moment, providing abundant profound guidance for living in the present. But for the two atom bombs thrown in Japan, people would not aware the fatal threat from arms and today we would not wholeheartedly argue against war; it is the sacrifice of millions of people that taught us the treasure of peace. Or，consider the time when America was at its beginning, it was the degeneration of the new publications in South America and North Africa that made the Fathers of American fully consider the formidable result from the overwhelming of power, which catalyzed the clauses that strictly proved humanity and personal rights in the Cnstitution of the United States.

  In conclusion, it is admitted that as time goes by, many aspects of living are changing, the core values of human being maintain throughout the history. Thus the past serves as a inclusive dictionary that provides infinite guidance and inspiration for present living.

sinbad_28UID: 2147500

有个弱弱的问题想问一下楼主，希望不要被砸……
issue 130:
socialize在韦氏里的意思有3个，我觉得跟题目靠谱的是第一个：
to make social:especially: to fit or train for a social environment
译成中文也就是 ...
草明团子 发表于 2010-8-5 08:23

恩。。。我不太赞同你的翻译“社会化”，感觉有点牵强。但你说的又不无道理。请看附件里socialization的解释，相信对你会很有帮助的。

sinbad_28UID: 2147500

125# sinbad_28

恳请斑竹前辈指点，上次您说   “作者说研究历史的价值是瓦解“人类是不断改变”的潜意识——请注意，这不代表说作者就认为“人类是不变的””  但是xdf上的翻译貌似是  “研究历史最首要的好处 ...
nieyong 发表于 2010-8-4 19:35

Issue 221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
xdf上的翻译貌似是  “研究历史最首要的好处就是消除了这样的错觉，即某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人们有重大的差别。”


不好意思，我说的不够清楚。
我觉得本身这个命题其实是个比较含糊的命题，体现在2个地方：1）个是illusion，新东方翻译成“错觉”，我觉得不合适，“幻觉”更合适，因为illusion其实没有那种大错特错的含义。2）是命题中有个significantly，我稍后解释。

现在你考虑作者的态度（即“重大差别”的反面），他是想说差别不大呢，还是想说没有差别呢？我觉得是前者，而不是你文中说的remain unchanged。另外，由于illusion的存在，这个命题assertive的味道就更淡化了，所以你不能说The speaker claims that the notion that people remain unchanged is the chief conclusion of studying history. 粗体字的态度都是非常强烈的。不知道我有没有说的明白一些。

xdfwxUID: 2858018

楼主请深拍啊~~~~~~~~多谢好人~~~~~~~~~~


"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.

The requirement above surely can arouse students' interest and take advantage of their potential abilities. However, it is very likely to keep them from becoming all-round talents, and whether the ‘education’ mentioned in the statement is successful if educators merely teaching things meeting individual needs without preparing students to face competitions and pressure of modern society should also be considered.

Everyone, fond of dealing with what they are interested in, can create immense motivation when things cater to them, which always result in a fantastic achievement. Einstein, known as the greatest scientist in twentieth century with a much higher IQ over ordinary people, didn’t even attain modest grades in most courses during his school life. Yet, he discovered relativism and quantum theory which laid the foundation of modern physics. Not earning high scores at school indicates his ignorance about courses not of his interest, but he devoted majority of time researching his favorite disciplines and therefore made huge accomplishment with his high IQ. As far as students at school or college is concerned, interest plays a role as a teacher who can instruct them to obtain deeper understanding about their interested fields, and furthermore, they may do some inventions and researches that make contributions to modern technology development or even theoretical system. If achieving so, they are bound to gain huge confidence, and understand their value to community, which can guide them plan their careers and then benefit the whole society.

Even though having in-depth learning by adopting the requirement above seems of appreciation, I want to talk about the demerits behind it. In modern society, earning merely one particular skill cannot guarantee people a nice position because the complexity of work nowadays is beyond everyone’s expectation. Even a type-writer has to master at least two languages. Thus, certain job-related skills and communication abilities that are necessary living in society must be imparted. Students from high-ranking universities, admired by people around them, are regarded to be social elites. As some news indicates, however, quite many of them even have difficulties in find a modest job, because they can’t take care of themselves and aren’t good at communicating with fellows. Then, wining countless rewards and even making great innovations in their loving areas doesn’t make any difference under this circumstance.

In addition, education should not only prepare students to compete in society but also help them maintain cultural identity and abilities of logical thinking, analysis and creativity. What the truly purpose of education requires one take in various aspects of knowledge and skills rather than things only meeting individual needs.

Turning to the attitudes of schools, there can’t be abundant educational resources to design teaching program for everyone according to their interests and demands. Considering the large numbers of students, it is impossible for one or two teachers that is average standard for one class to cover all students’ interests, like sports, mathematics, literature, physics, engineering and even more aspects. Besides, since primary schools only teach basic knowledge, laboratories, high technological machines or higher educational materials are beyond schools’ resources if one is not interested in primary knowledge at all but those high-level disciplines. If students can’t be guided by teachers and necessary resources are not available for them, great motivation is still useless.

On balance, schools do have to take solutions to satisfy students’ interests, but not by means of meeting everyone’s demand. Instead, teachers can provide variety of optional courses that cover many areas in order to impart certain knowledge that numbers of students are interested in. Meanwhile, compulsory education should be guaranteed, which ensures students to bring about a better society in future.

In sum, schools have the responsibility to develop students’ interests, but not to provide specifically designed education for everyone. After all, knowledge of every field should be supported by other disciplines and what modern society needs more is comprehensively developed talents.

gtnewbieUID: 2874250

感谢版主~~ 好人啊。。。
TOPIC: ISSUE208 - "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."


The vairous appearance and behavior of people can indicate their attitudes and interestes as long as the society grant its people liberty to show their various individuality. However, in a over-reigned society, the way people look, dress, and act only reveals the attitude and interests of their dominator, which actually happens a lot in different corner of the world.

In the democratic environment, people reflect their thought as individual in the way of their appearance and behaviors. The fashion elements and the specific characters can be learned from Lady gaga's dressing, meanwhile, dignified and wisdom are shown from Hilary's appearance and her behavior. Needless to say, different effects that made by both of the famous women in U.S., which in some angle, we can say, the different effects that they want people to believe.

On the other hand, people's appearance and behaviors are conduct by the dominator in the highly dominated societies. Take my country as an example, people all looked almost the same in the Cultural Revolution Age. They read the same books which are written by Chairman Mao; they dressed the same suits called Zhongshan suite; they sing the same songs to praise Chairman Mao, etc. Even the thoughts, in some way, were conducted by the dominators. Could we assumed that most of the people have the same attitudes and interests in that special age? Of course no. As we know, human-being as a highly developed creature have our own special individual ideas, which are hidden deeply in that special society.

Thirdly, even in a highly democratic society, people would like to mislead other people's impression by figured their appearance intendedly, especially the politicians. Bill Clinton, the great presitant of United State in 90s,in my points of view, had the dignity appearance and wariness behavior before the scandal was revealed, which make people belived they have a well-behaved precident. However, when the truth came out the appearance and the behavior in front of people turned out to be a show. That is to say, people can only learn from the surface appearance and behavior of a person, and so do a society.

For the reason and examples present above, people can be are represented by their dominator and people can only get the information about others from the surface appearance and behaviors, which reveals that appearance and behavior are not as reliable as the claim said to be. Though people can hide their real characters, it is expected that in a more democratic world, people have more rights and oppitunities to display their individual personalities.

fanyasongsUID: 2874286

迷茫得很，高手指点哪。。。。
Topic 156 the function of science is to reassure, the purpose pf art is to upset, Therein lies the value of each.

That human beings would never satisfied with what they have and would always strive for something new and different seems to be a propensity inherent in human nature. Our endless chase for the truth of nature and beauty distinguish us from other animals. For the several millenniums from the beginning of our civilization, we enjoy an increasingly refined life science has brought us and are satisfied by the freedom of expression art has taken which, at the meantime, record our culture trace. However, both of the two bring us great satisfaction and fulfillment under some cases, while upset us in other cases.

Science, as the major element that compels human society, assures a safer and better life for human beings. Without science, we may still dwell in caves and lead our nomadic lives as vagabond creatures, lurking in the unfriendly forests and in the hostile wilderness, forever on the alert so as not to fall prey to some ferocious predators. Thus it is safe to conclude that science does bring us significant reassurance. On the other hand, we still cannot say that science never bring unrest to the society. We would never forget the huge harm the nuclear weapons had taken to all the living things, as well as the great panic to the whole world the first day it was born. We would never forget the unpredictable disorder and unbalance gene-modified plant and animals have caused to the nature, which quickly become uncontrollable that terribly destroy the diversity of aboriginal wild lives. Science is a double-edged sword, it reassures us with each new origination that help solve varies complicated problems while agitates us with each potentially dangerous design that may ruin the whole nature.

Art, as an extremely special element that defines human beings from other animals, functions differently as the forms of it varied. Music, for instance rock or mental, stimulates our desire to embraces a more energetic life; Paintings, such as the impressionism, the expressionism, the symbolism, offer us different ways to express our feelings and thoughts. Admittedly, some kinds of art, especially the tragedies, sometimes upset us by showing bloody and crude of human nature, or make us uncomforted by exposing the crime of human society. But tragedies exist only to upset us? Negative! To the most abstract level, they record the process of self-(自我审视) of human beings during which we accumulate invaluable social and aesthetic fortune. There are series of great tragedies in human history, which reveal human’s spiritual kingdom and exhausted paradox of human’s inner world. For example, the Oedipus King, the gorgeous Ancient Greek tragedy, discusses the sexual fantasy, sentimental nexus and attachment of boys to mothers which is still used as a model of psychological analyzing in modern world. As a whole, art always ignites our passion and imagination which is by no means simply to upset us.

Allowing for all we discuss above, it is haste and irresponsible to conclude the definite functions of science and art. They are like complex and deliberate machine, changing and propelling our world from different sides, both indispensable to our lives and valuable to our society. They create benefits if use properly while otherwise, they may cause damage.

liangwenkaiUID: 2873918

帮忙拍拍~~thx!
TOPIC: ISSUE50 - "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
WORDS: 569          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010-8-7 15:47:49

Since an important task of colleges and universities is cultivating the useful people to the society and giving their students more practical skills, which are helpful to their future jobs, it is a wise decision to let professors to work outside the academic world. In this way, both the schools and the companies or institutions, in which the professors work, will benefit a lot.

In the first place, let's consider the influence on the students. Because most students of colleges and universities are about to enter the outside world of academic researches, schools are obliged to give them the practical skills, which can assist them in their fields. However, the textbooks are also too old, and so theoretical. Therefore, it is hard for the students to learn a lot of practical and advanced technologies in the textbooks. If the teachers can have the chances to work outside of the academic world, they will accumulate the useful skills in the courses they teach. Thus, the teachers can add many practical and useful techniques and experiences to their classes, and satisfy the need of students to understand their realms, which whey will take part in after graduation.

In the second place, it is also a profitable and smart decision for the companies or institutions to let more professors to work for them. The professors of the colleges or universities are experts in his or her fields, and they will have more creative ideas in the applications of their subjects. Therefore, if they participate in the teams of the companies of their fields, they will give some professional suggestions and innovative advice. Even some of them will make a remarkable contribution to the fields, which he or she is interested in. For example, the Bell Lab cooperated with the Apple Company in computer designs and then they created an operating system named Mackintosh, which shocked all the other companies in this field, including Microsoft--the head and shoulder of software industry.

Finally, that professors of universities join the work of outside of academic world can make a great contribution to the development of the subjects. Since the students and teachers can have a better knowledge of the application of their subjects, the subjects will be more and more useful. There will be more applications of these subjects, which are not considered before. Even some new applications of the technologies will be found, and many more connections between the subjects and people's daily lives will be revealed. Thus, the universities and colleges are going to make more contributions to the masses, except its academic contributions.

However, there are still some problems to be solved in letting professors take part in work outside. For example, how could the professors manage their limited times to both educate students and work outside? How could the professors find the proper jobs that fit best to their research interests? How could the teachers be paid by both the schools and the companies? So that, the schools should consider all those problems before their teachers are about to work outside.

In sum, it is a wise choice for both the schools and companies to require teachers to work outside in the fields relevant to the courses they teach. Meanwhile the students will get a lot of useful and practical information from this plan. But we should consider how to apply this plan into practice, which needs the negotiation of schools and companies.

MaydaysjUID: 2805242

终于憋出来偶的第一篇issue了，恳请楼主指点一二，谢谢谢~~O(∩_∩)O~

TOPIC: ISSUE39 - "The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree."
WORDS: 157          TIME: 00:45:00          DATE: 2010/8/8 16:06:23

University is not overrated, for not everybody is able to get a good knowledge only by learning on their own for four years. What's more, students choosing to attend college have more important intents.

First of all, students by studying and reading on their own for four years can learn more about knowledge on book only if those students are equipped with capable self-study ability, such as making scientific study plan and implement ability, self-control ability and problem-solving ability. If one knows clearly what is needed to learn and makes a scientific plan accordingly, and then carries it out with determination. When he or she meets problems during the process, he/she could solve them by themselves or through taking advantage of effective tools like the internet. As we all know, there are some people, for example, Bill Gates, achieving great success by learning on their own. Bill Gates drop out from Harvard to found his own company Microsoft, and most of his program engineering knowledge is acquired by self-study. However, at the same time, we should notice that there are other vital factors contributing to his achievement, such as a good family education and a full back of family members and friends. In other words, studying and reading all by oneself for four years instead of attending college could but not necessarily lead to learning more.

As far as I’m concerned, People without such capable ability and external conditions have better attend college. In university, there are compulsory courses arranged by experienced teacher and optional course from which you can choose what you are interested in. And when you have questions, you can discuss with classmates or professions. Also the atmosphere of competition could remind you to study hard. All the above points cannot get from studying or reading all by oneself. Of course, attending college alone does guarantee success too, but we can learn many other important lessons from college. And in my view, that’s why we choose to attend college for four years.

The last but not least, as college is also called "a miniature society", choosing university is to learn many more important things besides knowledge on book. The first thing to learn is to how to communicate and cooperate well with others. For it's a society of people, the ability of getting along well with others is of vital importance to survive and thrive. Just as the Confucius says (and i paraphrased): whenever three people walk together, one of them will be my teacher. I will learn from their strengths, and I will eliminate any shortcomings I see in them. In addition, in college, we have more time to develop our interests and make friends; even we could start a club to cultivate leadership on how to efficiently organize and coordinate with teammates. What's more, college is also a place to proceed on socialization and a place where we may see some black sides of the society, and then learn to face it in a placid mood.

College is like a circle, and for some students, studying knowledge is the centre, however, the broader area besides the centre is also very important. All in all, college is not overrated, and we should get a thorough understanding of college's function and make a balance between learning knowledge and fostering other social activity abilities.

shengyong1990UID: 2810927

自己的第一篇issue，用了一上午多一点时间写作+修改，可能得劳Sinbad版主多费心了，先谢谢啦～～

48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."

提纲：1.论点：支持多花时间和精力在历史事件的名人上
      2.正面肯定确实有too much emphasis on individuals的现象，the mass 总是被忽略。
      3.举例（孙中山和康有为证明mass和individual的关系）
      4.但是，历史的重要任务的作用是重要而且remarkble，不能取代的
      5.历史研究层面上来说，研究大众的意义也不大

Famous people is a flag, behind him/her are the significant events and mass he/she leaded.

Once we talk about a specific event in a history like the big revolution in China, economic crisis in American, the famous individual of Roosevelt and Mao Zedong will probably goes to your mind within a short time. It is ordinary for many people to remember and attribute all the contribution to curtail person when they want get to know some historical events, and so do many history research. Does the significant individual really value so much in their historic event? I don't think so. In most circumstance, the individual just done the beginning work of pointing out the target, whereas their followers, nameless and not so popular in the history, enhanced his/her ability to gain more success and get the event in a right direction to grow.

In ancient china, at a period of last years of Qing dynasty (last feudal dynasty of china), there are two options set by different classes to solve the problems in China. Kang youwei, as a representative of intellectual, claimed to convert the Qing dynasty to a more democratic and modern government in peace. At the same time, Sun yat-sen, preferred to establish a new government to make China a powerful country. each side of the two have few supporters at first, then after years of conflict and arguing, Sun wins the compete, lots of people joined his army and his party, since then, Sun developed a significant power to beat against Qing dynasty and establish a new government after he died. Image there are less supporters who favors his idea, he would not achieve so much at last and have big influence in China afterwards. Most people forget names of Sun's followers, not to mention their achievements. However, their overall amount of contribution may hundred times of Sun.

At the same time, we cannot miss the importance of these individuals. Courage in mind, schedule written ahead, their contribution is to start and sometimes lead the whole event. They can be looked as a driver of a train. They turn the direction of history process at some dangerous turner. The public can be taken as workers supply some work as power, systematic balance, or condition in the train. No one denies the importance of them, but without the driver’s perseverance and dedication, their work will just result in a mass rather than a really indeed in the history, and the less transition of the society would happen and our history may went far from a quickly developing track.

Hence, in historic research, more effort concerned into a specific point in that they always want to know the difference between each historical events, specific person who lead the event or have big influence on this issue may be taken as a notable feature. Supposing that all historian are begin to research on the hosts of ordinary supporters of each event, which conclusion can they indicate most probably? They may find same effect of the famous people are taken in those history events. The supporters always follow their leader firmly, give enough suggestion to the team, put all their efforts into the industry, and then achieve their goal. All supporters will have the similarity in many respects, though they contribute most in an historical event. That would be ridiculous to the historian and all people.

To sum up, the mass long been forgotten may really contribute most in a historical event, but the research on them is enough and effort on the individuals is deserve.

数了数不到15篇，嘻嘻

师走99UID: 2857041

希望楼主帮忙！！！马上就要考试了，很焦虑！！谢谢楼主了！
Issue 4:
No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.


For thousands of years, we human beings have witnessed ourselves great progress in exploring the nature from time to time. In every progress, as the speaker asserted, we can find the function of transdisciplinary fusion more or less. The trend of transdisciplinary fusion becomes more and more popular nowadays. In my opinion, however, both transdisciplinary fusion and a good knowledge of one certain field that counts.
The impact of other fields to a certain study field lies on the different way of analyzing that provide a more insightful and comprehensive understanding of certain problem. And it provides a new solution of problem combined with the old one in a creative way. A successful example is the crucial role of mathematic in the development of economics. Without supporting advances in calculus, the field of economics would never have seen the booming growth of its last 20 years. Mathematics helped convert economics from a qualitative, speculative field to a quantitative, definitive one. John Nash, a renowned mathematician, shored the Nobel Prize of Economic Sciences rather than Mathematics with other two mathematicians. His work on game theory, including the Nash equilibrium and the Nash arbitration scheme has allowed researchers to better understand problems of competition and cooperation among agents or players, which had a phenomenal impact on economic analysis and appreciations in many other fields.
Admittedly, the importance of the transdisciplinary fusion is indubitable. Nevertheless, a good knowledge of a certain field that someone wants to make progress is the foundation of a successfully invention or creation of new technology. Without the using of basic knowledge or theory in the certain field, any theories which come from other fields would be useless at all. Only can you master all it’s foundational knowledge, you will have a chance to introduce other knowledge or theory that comes from other fields to solve a problem. Also, a well knit foundation of knowledge in a certain field is the resources of prominent idea that would change the world. As the greatest scientist Newton said: “if I have seen further than certain other man, it’s by standing upon the shoulders of giants. The giants he cited are just the foundational knowledge that discovered by previous scientists in certain field.
Franklin Roosevelt, one of the most famous presidents of united state, said that: “he must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new; and have sufficient courage and skill to face novel facts and to deal with them. It indicates that both a good knowledge in a certain field and the introducing of knowledge from other field is needs if someone wants to change the world. In other words, knowledge has no boundaries .In sum, if we want to get more close to the final truth of nature, we need to master all the knowledge well in every fields that related and combine them creatively.

刀娘白幻影UID: 2666871

小女新作，球拍~
拜谢楼主~~

ISSUE28 - "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
字数：507
用时：00:45:00
日期：2010-8-7 22:59:36

（部分没写完，后来补上的……）

The arguer demonstrates a concern on the effective methods of study when learning facts. It can be divided into two statements, one is that ideas, trends, and concepts related to facts should be studied first before memorizing facts, and the other one is that students had learned less if they learn nothing but facts. From my perspectives, I fundamentally agree on the second statement while partially agree on the first.

First of all, let's tend to the second claim. What the purpose of education is should be examined in the first place. In my point of view, remarkable education actually focus on developing students ability of study and of thinking independently rather than on merely indoctrinate students those facts and exam their capability of memorizing. Learning that World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 is of less significance while examining the reason why so many countries got involved, how did those countries react facing such situation, what the necessary connection between Great Depression and the war is may help students not only memorize the facts much easier, but also lead them to think how international relationship works and what's the intention one nation make action is. During this process, a habit of taking every possible consideration into account and searching for the essence and regularity of a phenomenon is cultivated. And that is what the education intended to achieve. Understandably, there lies the distinction between merely recording phenomenon that has no significant positive effect on the one hand, and examining the world and how it works with personal critical thinking on the other hand. So learning each fact alone will narrow the meaning of the word "learning" down, while learning the cause, effect, interact relationship between facts, and most importantly, learning how to make use of the fact is much more meaningful.

However, there're several levels of education during which different measures would be chosen to satisfy the needs of students that in different condition. If the first statement is well supported, then let me ask one question: how would a student memorize those ideas, trends, and concepts of those facts? On primary education level, studied complex ideas, trends, and concepts may somehow beyond their ability. Take learning word for example, the pragmatic way to teach the word "English" to students in primary schools is nothing but indoctrinate that it refers to a kind of language, while teach how this word stems and varies from Anglo-Saxon language to students whose major is English Language Study in college. To study fact is like digging the hole for gold, one can only dig the upper level when he is lack of ability and experience, while dig deeper souls
using the more convenient and effective method when he grow older with more capability and equipments. Thus, it would be imprudent to require all the students to memorize facts in the same way.


In addition, when facing high level of education, the word "comprehend" would better replace the word "memorize" in the statement of such an issue. Studying ideas, trends, and concepts is for understanding facts rather than memorizing facts while to memorize facts needs nothing but skill. Considered as one of the most authoritative theory in regularity of memorization, Ebbinghaus curve is the best option for someone who needs to “memorize” facts because all he need to do is to follow that curve and repeat the facts in certain frequency. But a student is supposed to study which means to absorb knowledge and make it part of his ideation rather than to leave those symbols in his mind once for all. And studying ideas, trends, and concepts is through macroscopical and microscopical point of view to understand facts comprehensively and insightfully. Therefore, his knowledge is broadened, his ideation is improved, and most importantly, his analyzing ability is developed.

To sum up, from what I've discussed above, there are diverse methods of studying facts and one of which will be chosen according to the different condition of students. Memorizing facts may somehow help children to study, would be better replaced by understanding facts comprehensively in order to develop an independent and mature mind in upper education level.

宝宝树UID: 2759941

谢谢了！
ISSUE235"Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty--whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution--is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."

There’s no denying that loyalty has caused destructive consequences, insofar as it describes at least an element of the so many results that loyalty can make, but what is a matter of the debate is that whether we should make a conclusion that loyalty is more devastating than contributing just for it can make things bad. Upon further reflection it becomes apparent that we should not. In other words, I do agree the ostensible notion that loyalty has bad affect on things. Yet, strictly followed, I believe the comparison the speaker made also deserves careful consideration.
The speaker’s claim, at first glance, seems to be somewhat appealing and also finds ample empirical supports. Fascism aptly illustrate the bad effect of loyalty. German citizenry, which were highly civilized and do so many great contribute to advance the world, in that period had too much undue loyalty to Hitler to come to an aggressive ethnic and bring other country in the world including themselves a disaster. Undue loyalty to social cliques also lends credence to the wicked point of loyalty. Whether in school or in the society , the guys in the cliques , for the inordinate loyalty , use abusive words or behave brutally to the people outside the clinques.
However, firmly believing loyalty be more destructive is also an exclusive one would pose certain problems, which might outweigh the facts, noted above.
Aside from the provisos mentioned above, we should reevaluate or to clarify what good does loyalty do to us? In this very notion lies my first contention with the speaker, who illogically presumes with confidence that loyalty is more destructive. Generally speaking , then, undue attention to the bad effects made by loyalty tends to obscure the relationship between goodness and loyalty with which loyalty be tempered by other virtue, such as fairness, tolerance, and respect is chiefly concerned. One needs look no further than the loyalty between the spouses to observe the contribution made by it. The spouses need a trust to live together and endure or small or big stuffs happening in everyday life. Loyalty is part-and-parcel of the trust, serving to underscore the point that loyalty is so crucial and good to marriage and such exclusive relationships.
An even more striking example of advantage of loyalty is the mutual loyalty between a sovereign state and its citizenry. Without the basic relation, there can be no security or safety when war or invasion arrives. The world would in a mass or devolve into a despotic state ordered by brute force. We find ourselves on a slippery toward do loyalty to others and having others do same. Reflecting on the relationships between friends, families, and beholding the faith, makes clear that loyalty is necessary in our life. Is loyalty do more passive than positive? Emphatically, no. The statement brings immediately to mind that with the mutual loyalty in the employment relationship, without which job conflict would run pervasive that do a lot harm to the productivity and the social economic condition. Implicit implication behind the statement is the rationale that loyalty can enhance the cohesion power of system, broadening the individual’s sense of belong to system to grow more strength. Otherwise, people will not trust in each other, collective activity will not proceed and the society will go to chaios.
Considerable though the merits that loyalty do harm, people should never ignore the great contribution also made by loyalty and the necessity of its existing.
With respect to all the problems discussed above, I agree that the speaker’s clam that loyalty is more destructive than positive begs the question, notwithstanding the fact that how much good loyalty do for us. In the final analysis, loyalty, creating a trust bond between people, plays a very important role in our lives. I would be hard pressed to identify loyalty could be more damageable only when it is overextended.

sinbad_28UID: 2147500

LL好~我这几天就考了~之前都在看提纲，动手写的挺晚了~有点来不及~只好跑来麻烦楼主了(*^__^*)
这篇仔细修改过~但还是感觉差距挺大的~有点慌~请多多指教！谢谢楼主啦~

Issue149
The most practical and effect ...
jadydrift 发表于 2010-8-5 02:53

Issue149
The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects.

Text:
I agree with the speaker insofar as that the way of attracting more tourists to wilderness areas through some environmentally sensitive projects to protect the environment there is practial and effective. However, a contrary view would reveal a neglect flaw about the harmful effects that the program may bring about in terms of overcrowding, losing control on travel industry and some related problems, which is [which is是修饰前面哪个词的，乱套了啊] also where my mainly points of contention with the speaker lie.

Admittedly, for some wilderness areas, the plan of providing more people with envirionmentally friendly travels [这个travels是名词?改成travelings?我看不懂啦] has many positive effects on both the environment and the tourists travelled there. Tourism, as a result of extensive publicity conducted among travellers on the wild beauty, would  bring profits and investment for the local government and its residents. With these funds, people and the government are enable to execute projects on protecting or rehabilitate the natural environment. Moreover, tourists can in return share the beautiful scenery and keep relaxed with less damage to the nature. Cities like that can be found all over the world. And as a city depends almost completely on tourist trade, Sanya, a famous city in Hainan province of China, has few industrial plants but a huge amount of luxury hotels and comfortable little villas for tourists. Local people in Sanya live a life of ease and enough income the tourism brought about, along with the government being happy to raise much fund distributing to the environmental conservation with nearly little burden of other industries, if any. Therefore, from this point of view, it could be a promising way of environmental conservation to carry out environmentally friendly projects .

Aside from its utility on obtaining financial support, however, the environmentally sensitive programs may cause numorous troubles for the government and organizations concerning more about the quality of local life and the nature, especially in those areas with relatively small acreage. As those long-term troubles accompanying the development of society and economy in some giant metropolises such as Moscow, Beijing, Mexico City, etc, small towns widely known for their tourism and natural beauty might also experience problems such as traffic jams, excessive population, pollution and unsufficient insufficient public service originally provided for far less people. Although the government would take measures to prevent the damage to the nature, overcrowding might still pose a severe threat to the vulnerable wilderness lands. Thus, local inhabitants would probably end up living a life more distracted by travellers and being able to do nothing to save the evironment. [我觉得你对environmentally sensitive projects的理解不对，见最后附件]

Besides, things might run out of control over these tourism related industries. Indisputably, business people general value the profitability over many other aspects of projects and thus would to some extent congregate in places that they think they can gain profits. And with the popularity and people’s attention, wilderness areas which attracts travellers more willing to hand over their money to purchase the leisure time and happy mode will be prefect places for a large amount of merchants to invest their money and lauch their businesses in the name of attracting more people. Furthermore, in order to decrease the cost of transportation, companies might build their own factories or purchase some property there and obtain local raw materials, which would sometimes result in environmental deterioration or extensive damage to the natural resources. Accordingly, tourism should be reasonably managed under control.

In sum, without environmentally sensitive projects to attract tourists, people would hardly find enough money on protecting the wilderness areas. However, without certain means to control over the negatives effects of dense population and growing attention, natural environment would be harmed more badly. Thus, if we could not come up with ideas to take measures to control the market under a certain level, it would be better just to leave the wilderness alone.

Sinbad: 我刻意不看你的提纲，但是文章基本我没看懂。一个最大的问题是，你没有在文章开头定义或者解释什么是“environmentally sensitive projects”, 然后在重新审题，到底是褒还是贬，我给你找了些资料，请看附件。语言上还有很多要改进的地方，暂时先不说了，练习正式写作是当务之急。

sinbad_28UID: 2147500

前辈辛苦了~！小生不胜感激~！


207 "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."

OUTLINE:

典礼和仪式 ...
peteryu010 发表于 2010-7-31 05:00

The rituals and ceremonies that pass down from one generation to another were the most sacred social activities in the old times, so they have much value in retaining culture and history. However As a matter of fact, not only the rituals and ceremonies could preserve culture, but clothes, habitat and art can be reflect a nation’s culture, and even for these countries which have short history and with less native rituals and ceremonies they [they指的是什么？结构混乱了] could maintain their culture too.

The rituals and ceremonies is a form of one nation’s traditional social behaviors. At those old and sacred ceremonies, the traditional culture could be passed down and the individual could feel the sense of their culture. Spring Festival is one of most important traditional ceremonies in China. During that ceremony, we stick a big red paper with a Chinese word ”Fu”( happiness) on our doors to as a prayer for our family safe, healthy and maintaining a good relationship with our neighbors in the next year. This tradition is so long has come such a long way since the ancient time that even our historians are unable to determine when and how it became our culture custom. Although we do not exactly know what the original meaning of this acting is, when we hold that big red paper in our hands, it is like a feeling that we touch the memory of people who lived thousands of years ago. They did what I do, they prayed what I pray. The sense of whom we are, where I belong to is deeply engraved on our memory at the time we stick the red paper on our doors. [你说的不是很正确，但估计骗骗老外行，呵呵]

Not only our rituals and ceremonies can help us build the sense of our own nation, but [少主语，查查not only...but also到底该怎么写] strengthen the cohesiveness of our society. Another traditional Chinese ceremony is Duanwu Festival which is also known as Dragon Boat Festival. The focus of this celebration includes eating Zongzi(rice wrapped in reed leaves) and racing Dragon Boat. Every year, several days before Duanwu Festival, hundreds of local people from my home town will enroll to join this match holding on the Duanwu Festival, and then players are separated into several groups at random. After training for several days, not only the players get familiar with each other, but all the family members of each player are well known. On the match day, the whole people of my town come to the Liwa River with Zongzi made by each family. We sit together and share our Zongzi with different family. So this ceremony gives us a chance to make new acquaintances and strengthen the cohesiveness of our society.[端午节的例子怎么证明strengthen the cohesiveness of our society呢？不怎么搭界吧？]

However, without the help of rituals and ceremonies, we can still preserve our culture identity. Every culture has it unique clothes, habitat and art. From them we can easily recover our tradition culture into our daily life. The chopsticks are the characteristic of our Chinese culture, and also it is the sign of the Chinese diet culture. When we sit around at the dinner table, we share the food with each other by using our chopsticks. Maybe,Perhaps we could not notice this slightly difference between different cultures, however, when we are at abroad using forks and knives to have dinner, we will feel lost and lose our spiritual sustenance. Hence, the most common things that we have already used to are also can help us to define a culture.

Admittedly, the rituals and ceremonies are not the only things can help to define a culture, but they are the soul of our culture which refine from daily life. So with the help by means of traditional custom traditions we can define and find our culture identity from rituals and ceremonies better.