【反衬】TPO阅读疑难解答贴--索引版(欢迎各位同学提问)

vivitangsonUID: 2985261

题目出处：TPO18第三篇 Lightening 闪电)  FLightening8 K3 F+ ]6 A$ k5 @: y8 X
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题目原文
The separation of charged particles that forms in a storm cloud has a sandwich-like structure. Concentrations of positively charged particles develop at the top and bottom of the cloud, but the middle region becomes negatively charged. Recent measurements made in the field together with laboratory simulations offer a promising explanation of how this structure of charged particles forms. What happens is that small (millimeter-to centimeter-size) pellets of ice form in the cold upper regions of the cloud. When these ice pellets fall, some of them strike much smaller ice crystals in the center of the cloud. The temperature at the center of the cloud is about -15℃ or lower. At such temperatures, the collision between the ice pellets and the ice crystals causes electrical charges to shift so that the ice pellets acquire a negative charge and the ice crystals become positively charged. Then updraft wind currents carry the light, positively charged ice crystals up to the top of the cloud. The heavier negatively charged ice pellets are left to concentrate in the center. This process explains why the top of the cloud becomes positively charged, while the center becomes negatively charged. The negatively charged region is large: several hundred meters thick and several kilometers in diameter. Below this large, cold, negatively charged region, the cloud is warmer than -15℃, and at these temperatures, collisions between ice crystals and falling ice pellets produce positively charged ice pellets that then populate a small region at the base of the cloud.
题目选项：
It can be inferred from this pharagragh that part of the reason that the top of the storm should become positively charged is that
A.The top of the cloud is warmer than the middle of the cloud
B.The middle of the cloud is already occupied by positively charged particles
C.The negatively charged ice pellets are too heavy to be carried by the updrafts that move ice crystals
D.collisions between ice pellets in the top of the cloud produce mainly positively charged particles.

题目答案：C
疑问所在:从哪看出来的？？？？ 如果负的很重，为神马它在三明治的中间不在最下面？？？求科普~

sourjuiceUID: 2869051

TPO10的第二篇，8题
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as natural causes of climate change EXCEPT：
A,atmospheric changes   B,the slow movement of landmasses
C,fluctuations in the amount of ice and snow   D,changes in ocean activity   答案为什么是C，怎么看出来的，BD呢

TPO11第一篇，2题
Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is reviewed less favorably than other art is that Egyptian art lacks
A,a realistic sense of human body proportion  
B,a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes
C,the originality of European art
D,the capacity to show human body in motion
答案为什么是D，我觉得从第一段看不出来啊，只有读了后面的才知道

TPO12 第一篇，5题
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT
A,the ideal source of lighting for most engravings
B,the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand
C,the prevalence of outlines of left hands
D,figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand
答案为什么是B，我开始还以为B是对的，

谢谢解答，而且最后一道题都没有对的，怎么办呢，

zxwhy825UID: 2668443

Paragraph 4：Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, Says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period.


        8. The phrase “indefinite period” in the passage is closest in meaning to period
        ○ Whose end has not been determined
        ○ That does not begin when expected
        ○ That lasts only briefly
        ○ Whose importance remains unknown

答案是A？请问原文出处？是因为since the early 1940s 所以B排除了嘛。。CD又没意义

waiting1UID: 2997856

tpo 16 mass extinction


The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions in which many families of marine organisms died out. 【The rates of extinction happening today are as great as the rates during these mass extinctions. 】Many scientists have therefore concluded that a sixth great mass extinction is currently in progress.
According to paragraph 2, scientists base their belief that a mass extinction is going on at present on which of the following?
○The speed with which mass extinctions are happening today is similar to the speed of past extinctions.
○The number of species that have died out since the last extinction event is extremely large.
○Mass extinctions occur with regularity and it is time for another one.
○Fossil records of many marine species have disappeared.


我自己纠结的原因就是a项中的ME。p2并没有直接说ME发生，只是说e发生，根据e的表象推出这个e是ME。而a项却直接说ME了。
这个思维是我应付国内考试的思维。所以初做时就选了b。当然，b是错了，如果从错误选项来看，b肯定是多了无中生有的东西。但是a为什么就能对呢,a的主要信息与【】确实是一致的，但就是那个me。题干也明显是问了是根据什么原因得出me正在发生。总不能说是因为现在的me的速度与之前e的速度相似，所以现在的me就是me吧。呵呵。
是我在钻牛角尖吗。。。

vivitangsonUID: 2985261

51# waiting1
求该句的翻译。。。要不是正确答案放在一个项没来得及看后面的 我就选C了  纠结于"rate"  能和 "speed" 能否等同？一个是率 一个是速度。。。。
就像纠结于MARS上的水那片文章 文章说水的speed 题目说水的size 一直认为不能等同。。。。难道也钻牛角尖了？？？

waiting1UID: 2997856

根据牛津双解。rate确实有spped of movement, change,etc之意。lz刷完分啦。。这个问题好解答啦。。谢谢啊。。 52# vivitangson

kila1002UID: 2806614

范老师啊，这帖子里很多有很多题目没有讲解。。。。。
您就把人家的问题列了出来。。

kila1002UID: 2806614

老师TPO9第一篇有个笔误
第三个是the fact lends strength to 有点接近原文。语序反了。
第四个是 languages have
就只能选第四个了。
这道题目的答案是第三个吧，老师分析也说第三个接近原文

daisy8936UID: 2999019

54# kila1002


是啊是啊，尤其是我想看的问题，TPO7的第一篇难死了，反衬老师没有回答~~呼唤~

kila1002UID: 2806614

56# daisy8936
握手，我也有的题目想看却没讲解
TPO7第一套？
你什么题目呀

周越峰UID: 3008658

TPO8 第二部分 15题
1. The word merge in the passage is closest in meaning to
○expand
○separate
○straighten out
○combine
merge根据原文是合并的意思
而C选项是改正；清理；澄清的意思 为何还是选择呢 不理解

TPO8 第二部分 23题
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence ？
○But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the terraces.
○But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the
presence of water.
○But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern Hemisphere of
Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.
○But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the
south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.
原文：But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity,perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, inwhich case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.
疑问：A、C选项可以排除 B选项是正确选项 但我感觉它遗漏了信息了 我选择的是D选项 不知错在何处

TPO9 第二部分 13题
13. Wildman and Niles have conducted research on reflection in teaching
1. Through their work with Virginia teachers, Wildman and Niles proved conclusively that reflection, though
difficult, benefits both teachers and students.
2. Wildman and Niles found that considerable training and practice are required to understand classroom
events and develop the skills involved in reflection.
3. Wildman and Niles identified three principles that teachers can use to help themselves cope with problems
that may arise as a result of reflection.
4. Wildman and Niles concluded that teachers need sufficient resources as well as the cooperation and
encouragement of others to practice reflection.
5. There are numerous obstacles to implementing reflection in schools and insufficient understanding of why
teachers might want to reflect.
6. Whether teachers can overcome the difficulties involved in reflection may depend on the nature and intensity
of their motivation to reflect.
疑问：1、3选项可以排除 2选项可以确定 4、5、6选项难以抉择 还麻烦楼主讲解

有这么多疑问 麻烦楼主了

bttommyUID: 2823217

我认为TPO12篇的第五题之所以不选2是因为 有关left hand 像right hand的结论并不是个evidence,而是个assumpion,对于the image of left hand 被发现的数量远远大于right，这才是一个证明提干的evidence,可见此段最后一句话。请指教

feifeionlyUID: 2778967

TPO6-3  Infantile Amnesia

Paragraph 6: This view is supported by a variety of factors that can create mismatches between very young children's encoding and older children's and adults' retrieval efforts. The world looks very different to a person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it, 0lder children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally．General knowledge of categories of events such as a birthday party or a visit to the doctor's office helps older individuals encode their experiences, but again, infants and toddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures．

9. The phrase “This view” in the passage refers to the belief that
○the ability to retrieve a memory partly depends on the similarity between the encoding and retrieving process。
○the process of encoding information is less complex for adults than it is for young adults and infants
○infants and older children are equally dependent on discussion of past events for the retrieval of information
○infants encode information in the same way older children and adults do。

对于本题正确答案A，我用排除法可以确定选此项，而且此项也真是讨论encode和retrieve之间的关系，只是A项中的similarity是如何体现的了，是否要结合前段进行定位，我不太能迅速找到定位点，象这样的题如何快速破解比较好，谢谢！

zxwhy825UID: 2668443

TPO17第二篇阅读13题       

Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances.
        ■ The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. ■In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. ■In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. ■The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.
        13. Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
        There is also the long, rather terrifying call of the male orangutan, which carries over considerable distances to advertise his presence.
        Where would the sentence best fit?
我选的D,答案B
当初看到BOTH，发现选项有also，又想到short distanct和选项 long，对应 就选了4.
现在看来，piercing cries 和terrifying call 也是对应的。also其实是指另外一种，是顺承。

zxwhy825UID: 2668443

5. Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about the Australian rabbit population?
        ○ Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite, and the relationship between them
        ○ The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.
        ○Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.
        ○ Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.
        paragraph 3 At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.
答案是A
Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite, and the relationship between them。求解释啊。虽然。deliberately可以看出人有影响。。但是最后的H-P relationship 不是没有改变，只是稳定了。。。